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1、-主谓一致讲解与练习(答案)-第 8 页主谓一致【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。一、语法形式一致的原则即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；
2、主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例句：What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：What I bought were three English books.我
3、买的是三本英语书。What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。 【考例】As the saying _,Where there is a will; there is a way. 昆明市A. go B. goes C. going D. went答案B解析 the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。 2、由and 或both.and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例句：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。Both John
4、 and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。1）并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no， each， every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Each man and each
5、 woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。注意 在“more than one单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。 例如：There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。【考例】 Trees and flowers _every year to
6、make our country more beautiful. 陕西省A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted解析 every year说明本句表示一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义,答案：C 3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with，as well as， like， but，except， besides，including，no less than，rather than，as much as，more than，along with，in a
7、ddition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。She, like you and Tom,
8、is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。5.不定代词none 以及由none of复数合词(或代词)构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可。例如： Neither of them have replied. 他们两
9、个谁也没有答复。Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。6、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。 注意在以“one of the复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one
10、 of the复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如：This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请的人。 7、“a lot of （lots of）， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some（ma
11、ny，anymore，most， all等）of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。 例句：All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人) A
12、ll is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)注意：2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。【考例】Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2008
13、包头) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）8、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。Mor
14、e than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.地球70%的表面被水所覆盖。30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。9、如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。That kind of snake/sna
15、kes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。注意但there/those kinds of复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 例句：There kinds of tests are good . 这种测试很好。Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。二、逻辑意义一致原则即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。例句：Cattle are one ca
16、use of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。例句： Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。My fa
17、mily all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。注意population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸烟。The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of th
18、e population are farmers.3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。A pair of new shoe
19、s is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如：There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等
20、数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 【考例】 -How much _the shoes?-Five dollars_ enough 2007年青岛市Ais；is B are；is Care；are Dis；are答案B 解析 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。 【考例】How time flies! Ten years _ passed. (2004天津) A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动
21、词用单数形式。6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。 例句：Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，物理是一门难学的目。The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The old is taken good care of
22、 in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语一般用单数。例如：The bakers is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。My uncles is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可。例如：Ten times five is / ar
23、e fifty. 十乘五等于五十。Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。例如：Which is your room? 哪一间是你的房子?Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你的房子?11、表示数量的短语“one and a half名词复数”及“a单数名词anda half”作主语时，谓语用单数。例句：One and a half oranges ha
24、s been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。A month and a half has passed. 一个半月时间过去了。三、就近一致原则即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。例如：1、当or，either.or， neither.nor， not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例句：Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你，就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。Not o
25、nly the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister _a few cities in the south since they came to China临沂市Awill visit B. has visited Chave visited D visited答案B 解析本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not onlybut also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not
26、onlybut also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。【考例】Neither Jim nor his cousins _to America, but _of them know the country very well. 07年潍坊市Ahave been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all Dhas been; both答案B解析考查neithernor的用法，以及both与all的区别。neithernor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。2、在倒装
27、句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子.【考例】-There_ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick? -All right, Mum. 福州市A. is B. are C. was D. were答案A解析本题考查there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以
28、be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。 【语法过关】1How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are2Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone3Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I ar
29、eC. or me are D. or me is4Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers5The number of _ in our class _ fifty. A. student, isB. the students, areC. the students, is D. students, are6The n
30、umber of the students in our class _ 54. A. is B. are C. has D. have7Not only I but also Jane and Mary_ tired of having one examination after anotherAis Bare Cam Dbe8A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered9When and where to bui
31、ld the new factory _yet Ais not decided Bare not decided Chas not decided Dhave not decided10The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons Awere，was Bwas, was Cwas，were Dwerewere11Between the two buildings _a monumentAis standing Bstanding Cstands Dstand12Ma
32、ny a student _that mistake before.Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made D has made13None of the money _hisAis Bare Cbelongs Dwere14About threefifths of the work _done yesterdayAhad Bwas Cwere Dhave15 Neither your sister nor mine _the good newsLets tell them Aknow B knows Cknew1. Either Jane or Steven
33、_ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a b
34、asketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are5. There _ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ wh
35、en the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep 9. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody
36、 but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. wa
37、s invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His fami
38、ly _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just no
39、w. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, .A. neither he will B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither 22. I havent finished my homework yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu
40、 Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .” A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am【参考答案】1B解析该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被
41、看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。2D解析该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。3A解析该题考查的是主谓一致。Neithernor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。4A解析该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）5C解析本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，
42、作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。6A解析本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only需用到就近原则，but also之后又是两个人，是复数。故选B。8A解析 “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books，根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的，故主语应是a library，又因为此题是被动语态，因此选择A。9A解析 “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词
43、+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，根据题意又应用被动语态，故选A。10C解析 “邀请人的数目是50人，但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数；“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语，谓语动词用复数。11C解析 “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。12D解析 “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念，意为“许多”，但当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。13A解析 “钱都不属于他。”none作主语，谓语动词单复数都可，但这里的money为不可数名词，因此用单数形式为好，而belong to才