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1、在句子中起名词作用句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses。 名词性从句功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句比拟It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子构造，主语从句连接词没有变化。而it引导强调句那么是对句子某一局部进展强调，无论强调是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调局部指人时也可用who/whom
2、。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生。强调句型 d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎窗户。强调句型2. 用it 作形式主语构造(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实
3、是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首五种情况：1if
4、 引导主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2It is said /reported构造中主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. 3It happens/occurs构造中主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he fai
5、led in the examination occurred to him. 4It doesnt matter how/whether 构造中主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. 5含主语从句复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening
6、likely4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 那么不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。1. 作动词宾语 (1) 由that引导宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由
7、what, whether (if) 引导宾语从句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会承受我邀请。2. 作介词宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one
8、another.我们成功取决于我们之间合作。3. 作形容词宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后tha
9、t 从句看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正宾语that 从句那么放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但
10、不可以用that引导宾语从句。如： 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“构造中，常见有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达：He impressed
11、the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否认转移 假设主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后宾语从句假设含有否认意义，一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般构造是“主语连系动词表语从句。可以接表语从句连系动词有be, look, remain, see
12、m等。引导表语从句that常可省略。另外，常用还有the reason is that 和It is because 等构造。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that
13、 he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。1. 同位语从句功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明名词后
14、面，而是被别词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句区别(1) 定语从句中that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分主语或宾语，而同位语从句中that是连词，只起连接主句与从句作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性，其功能是对名词进展补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year
15、.他告诉我消息是汤姆明年将出国。第一个that引导从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国消息是他讲。同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分 名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B
16、.the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This
17、is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of whi
18、ch D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The que
19、stion came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was
20、 turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business.
21、A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA