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1、名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 引导词：主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语从句，引导主语从句引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词词语，如what, who, which, when, where, how, why等一引导名词性从句连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3
2、、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if是否，as if好象在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词that本身无任何含义。一、主语从句与宾词从句连词、语序、时态一样。只是不能用if, that 不可省；一、主语从句是一个句子
3、，在句子中作主语成分。二，主语从句特点1.与宾语从句使用同样连接词，只是if 不能用；1、陈述句用that。2、一般疑问句用whether。3、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导。2.经常隐身以it为形式主语出现。例句：1.Its true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true.2. 表是否意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasnt been decided whether hell come or not. Whether hel
4、l come or not hasnt been decided.3. 从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didnt he come Why he didnt come is not known.练习：1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is n
5、ot known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected5._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D.
6、That.does6.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that7.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how8._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which9._ you dont like him is none of my
7、 business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether10._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where11._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This12._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether13._team will win the match is a m
8、atter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How14._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 二、同位语从句（一） 、含义1、在主从复合句中作同位语从句称为同位语从句；所用连词与宾语从句除不能用if和主语从句一样2、连词1、陈述句用that。2、一般疑问句用whether。3、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导。3、常放
9、在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, order, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面，说明该名词具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the
10、 game说明The news全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、运用1.如同位语从句意义完整，用that引导同位语从句。that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如一般疑问句whether做同位语从句连词，译成是否if不能引导同位语从句。例：Wel
11、l discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time一般疑问句做同位语从句，原句为：Will the sports meeting be held on time3.如同位语是特殊疑问句做同位语从句，连词就应用when, where, how等疑问词引导例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 例2：I have no impression how h
12、e went home, perhaps by bike. 4.当主句谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。（三） 、同位语从句和定语从句区别: 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容表达，且名词和同位语从句引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系，且名词和定语从句引导词均在从句中作成分。 区分时
13、可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，那么为同位语从句，反之，那么为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职传闻是假。因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。 例1. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted in
14、to universities.(NMET2001上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 3. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A.it B.which C
15、.this D.that 练习：1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 3.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 4.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.w
16、hich C.what D.that 5.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 6.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 三、表语从句1、定义用作表语从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中连系动词之后。2、引导表语从句词有附属连词所用连词与宾语从句除不能用if和主语从句一样、同位语从句一样，不同之处还可用because, as
17、 if ; as though引导。1、陈述句用that。2、一般疑问句用whether。3、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等词引导。3、That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money. 困难是我们资金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fie
18、lds. 这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当字眼来。4、陈述句做表语从句连词that，that在引导表语从句时无词义。一般疑问句用whether引导，whether有词义，意为、“是否。这时主句主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语
19、从句对主句主语进展说明、解释，使主语内容具体化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her l
20、essons. 我们不能理解越来越少学生对他课不感兴趣。5、由疑问词引导表语从句。who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，疑问代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在担忧事。Thats what we should
21、 do.那是我们应该做。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿原因。That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担忧。6、由连词because, as if/as though等引导表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好似要下雪了。Thats becaus
22、e we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。练习1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2. The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3The problem is _to take the place of manager.A. who can we get B. what we ca
23、n getC. who we can get D. that we can get4. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether 5. That is_ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what6. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though7.I fell sick! I think it is _ yo
24、u are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because8. He was born here. That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how9.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why综合练习请按以下内容要点写一篇有关Andy英语短文，尽可能多地使用名词性从句。1大家都知道Andy是位有名作家，但没有人知道她来自何处，而且她是否出生于1961年仍然是个谜。2大家对她了解是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些急需钱人。3Andy很大方而且乐于助人，但有些人认为她想知名。4Andy说她不明白为什么他们那么心胸狭窄，但别人怎么想对她无所谓，她只是想做自己认为正确事。5我认为那就是生命意义之所在。