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1、一. 常见的前缀 1.表示否认意义的前缀 1)完全否认前缀 un-：unable, unemployment, unacceptable, unaccountable无法理解的，难以解释的, unaccustomed, unadjusted, unashamed, unavoidable, uncertain, uncomfortable, uncommon, unconventional新奇的, uncover, unfair, unfamiliar dis-： dishonest, dislike, disappear, disagree, dislike, discontinue, di
2、sconnect, distract，disadvantage, discontent, discourage, disorder, disobey, dissatisfied in-：incapable, inability, inaccurate, inactive, inadequate, inadvertent, inadvisable, inappropriate, inaudible, incomprehensible, inconvenient, incorrect, incurable, independent, indirect, indifferent, indistinc
3、t不清晰的inexhaustible, inexpensive, inexperience, innumerable, insignificant, intolerant, invalid无效的；病弱的, invaluable, invariable; ig-,ignoble卑劣的, ignominy, ignominious, ignominiously,im-, impossible, immoral, immortal, immature, immobile, immoderate, impatient, imperfect, impersonal, import, impractica
4、l, improbable, impolite, improper, il-, illusive, illiberal狭隘的, illegible无法识别的,illegal, illiterate, illogical, ir-, irregular，irresponsible, irrational, irrelevant, irreligious, irresistible, irreverent, irrecoverable ne-, n-： none, neither, never, nevertheless, non-： nonsense, non-existence, non-pr
5、ofit, non-professional, non-academic, non-commercial, non-smoker neg-：neglect, negligent疏忽的，造成过失的, negligible微缺乏道的 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-： malfunction发生故障, maladjustment(失调), malnutrition营养不良, maltreat虐待, maladministration, malformation畸形, malware恶意软件 mis-：mistake, mislead, misunderstand, misfortune,
6、 misuse, mistrust, mistranslate, mismatch不匹配, pseudo-：pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 3)表示反动作的意思 de-：defend, demodulation(解调), decode, decompress, decontaminate消毒，消除的污染, degrade, degenerate恶化，衰退 dis-：disarm, disconnect 见第一条 un-：unload, uncover 见第一条4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant-： antiknock( 防震), anti-foreign
7、,(排外的), anti-racism, antiracist, antireligious, anti-terrorist, anti-war counter-：counteract抵抗, counterreaction, counterbalance抵消,counterculture, counter-revolution with-, withdraw, withstand承受住, withhold拒付，不予, 2. 表示空间位置、方向关系/时间、序列/比照、差异的前缀 1) 表示“在.之上，在上面，转上a- 表示“在之上，“向 aboard, aside, over-, 表示“在上面，
8、在外部，向上overlook, overhead在空中, overboard向船外, overflow, overseas, overwrite写在上面, 表示“超过，过度，太overeat, overdress, oversleep, overcharge对要价过高, overpopulated, overload使超载, overpraise, overproduction, overspend超支, overtime 表示“完全，全overall, overview概述super-, sur-, 表示“在.之上superficial, surface, supervision;表示“超过
9、, 超级的supernature, superpower, superman, superstar, supersensitive, supermarket, surplus剩余, surpass胜过 up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上upward, uphold维持, uphill(上坡), upload, upland高原, uplift振奋，上升, upright垂直的, upside积极方面, upstairstrans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边translate, transform, transoceanic, transaction, transplant, transpo
10、rt, 2) 表示“在.下面，在下部sub-(sup-),表示“在下面，下 subway, submarine, subconscious, suppress, 表示“低，次，副，亚 subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带) subtitle, subculture, subdivide,under-, 表示“在.下面，下的underline, underground, underwater, underwear, underfoot, undersea, 表示“低劣，低下undersize矮小的, undergrown, underproduction
11、(生产缺乏), underestimate, underdeveloped, underachieve未发挥水平的,down-, 表示向下，在下面 downfall, downhill, download, downpour倾盆大雨, downriver, downside, downstairs, downward, downtown3表示“在前面，先前pre-, 表示在前, 在前面,事先prefix, preface , prearrange, precondition先决条件, prepaid, preschool, pre-war, prewash, prehistory, pre-r
12、eadingfore- 表示“在前面，先前forehead, forearm, foreground, forefinger, forefoot, forefront最前列, foreleg, foremost, forepaw, forerunner先驱，先导, foresee预见, foresight先见之明, foretaste预先体验, forewarn预先警告, foreword 前言, forecast, foretell(预言)4) 表示“向后，在后边post-, 表示向后，在后边，次postscript附言, postdoctoral, post-earthquake, pos
13、tgraduate, post-tax, post-war.5)表示“向内，在内部in-, im-,表示“向内，在内，inland, invade, inside, , income, import 6)表示“在外部，向外，额外 ex-,表示“外部，外 exit, expand, export, external, expose, express, out-, 表示“在外部，在外outline, outside, outward, outdoor. 表示“超过，过分outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人), outweigh, outnumber在数量上超过, extra-, 表示“
14、额外extraction 提取, extraordinary, extra-curricular课外的 7)表示“在之间，相互 inter-,intel-, international, interaction, internet, intercommunication, intercity, intercontinental, intercultural, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, 8) 表示“中，中间medi-, med-, mid-：Mediterranean, mid-position, midday, midfield, mi
15、dway 中途的, midnight, midsummer.9) 表示“在.旁边，附近；副的，次的by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧 bypath, bypass(弯路), byroad小路, bystander旁观者, byway偏僻小路;表示“副，次要的byproduct, bywork(副业), 10)表示“再一次，重新re-, retell, rewrite, readjust, reapply, rebuild, recycle, reform, refresh, replace, reset, resettle, restart, restate, 11) 表示“副，次vice- ：v
16、ice-president, vice-chairman3. 表示共同，相等/别离，离开意思的前缀 1)表示共同，相等意思的前缀com-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同，一起 connect, combine, combat, collect, coexist, cooperate, correlation syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同，共，和，类 symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成), synonym, 2). 表示别离，离开意思的前缀 a- ab-, abs-,表示“别离，离开 away, apart, abstract, absta
17、in de- 表示“离去，处去depart, decolour, debar把排除在外, decontrol, deformdis-, di-, dif-, 表示“别离，离开 divorce, disarm(缴械) ex-, e-, 表示“离开，别离expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外) for- 表示“离开，脱离forget, forgive re-表示“离开release, resolve se-表示“别离，隔离separate, seduce, select 4. 表示变换词类作用的前缀 1) be-：befriend, 2) en-： enslave, ena
18、ble, enrich 3) a-：adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派) 5. 表示数量关系的前缀 1)表示“单一，“一 uni-：uniform, unicellular(单细胞), unique, unilingual, unilateral, unicycle 2)表示“二，两，双 ambi-： ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类), ambivalent矛盾的 bi-：bin-： bicycle, bilateral, bilingual
19、, binoculars, twi-： twice, twin, twinset两件套, twilight3)表示“三tri：triangle，tricolor三色旗, tricycle, trilateral, trilingual, trilogy三部曲, trinity三件套, triple三倍的4)表示百，百分之一 centi-： centimeter，centigram 5)表示千 kilo-： kilometer, kilogram, kilobyte, kilowatt千瓦6)表示微，微小的 micro-： microvolt (微伏特)，microsoft，microbiolo
20、gy, microblog, microcomputer, microscope, microwave, 7) 表示“大，宏大 macro-macroscopic(宏观) 8)表示许多，复，多数 multi-：multilingual, multicellular, multicultural, multifunction, multilateral, multilevel, multimedia, multiple, poly-： polysyllable, 9)表示“半，一半 hemi-：hemisphere半球, semi-：semiconductor, semitransparent，
21、semicircle, semicolon, semi-final半决赛, 6. 表示术语的前缀 1)eco,表示“生态的ecology, ecologist, ecosystem, ecosphere, ecotype2) bio-, 表示“生命，生物biography(传记) , biology, biologist, biosphere3)geo-, 表示“地球，大地geography, geographer, geographic, geological地质的, geology 4)tele-, 表示“电,电的television, telephone, teleconference,
22、 telegram, telegraph, telecast电视节目 二. 常见的后缀 1. 名词后缀 (1) 具有某种职业或动作的人 1)-an, -ian, 表示地方的人，精通的人, 从事职业的人American, historian, musician, librarian, magician, physician, civilian, pedestrian, Canadian, guardian, technician, logician, electrician2)-arian, 表示派别的人， 主义的人humanitarian, vegetarian, utilitarian, 3
23、)-ant,-ent, 表示者 merchant, servant, accountant, assistant, applicant, immigrant, attendant, consultant, inhabitant, participant, pollutant, descendant, agent, student, president, parent, adolescent, opponent, nutrient, recipient4)-ar, 表示的人 scholar, liar, beggar, registrar5)-ary, 表示从事的人 secretary, mis
24、sionary, adversary, luminary出色人物 6)-ate, 表示具有职责的人 candidate, graduate, private二等兵，delegate, advocate, doctorate, electorate 7)-or, 表示者, 做的人 educator, speculator(投机者), operator, actor, conductor, professor, visitor, inventor, sailor, conqueror, director, administrator, editor, inspector, instructor,
25、governor, contributor, competitor, collector8)-ee, 表示动作承受者, 被的人 employee, examinee, interviewee, trainee, addressee, rejectee, appointee, trustee受托人 9)-er, 表示从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人 banker, observer, Londoner, villager, teacher, worker, commander, composer, dreamer, explorer, carpenter, driver, boxer, pl
26、ayer, swimmer, organizer 10)-ese, 表示 国人，.地方的人Japanese, Chinese, Sudanese, Portugese, Vietnamese 11)-ess, 表示阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, waitress, manageress, hostess, Duchess, empress, princess, authoress, conductress 12)- ist, 表示家, .者, .能手physicist, pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, scient
27、ist, economist, journalist, novelist, environmentalist, optimist, 悲观呢？ 13)-ic, 表示者，师 mechanic, critic, academic, mystic, comic喜剧演员 14)-logist, 表示学家，研究者 biologist, geologist(地质学家), biologist, sociologist, psychologist, technologist, archeologist考古学家15)-crat, 表示某种政体，主义的支持者 democrat, bureaucrat, aristo
28、crat, autocrat专制者, theocrat神权主义(2) 带有场所，地方的含义 1)-age, 表示住所，地点 village, cottage, harborage, storage, cage, stage, garage, orphanage 2)-ary, 表示住所，场地 library, granary (谷仓), seminary神学院, apiary养蜂场, sanctuary圣所，避难所, dispensary药房, 3)-ery, ry, 表示工作场所，饲养所，地点 laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室),bakery, grocery, g
29、reenery, gallery, 4)-ory, 表示工作场所，住处 factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory天文台, manufactory, armory, territory (3) 带有学术，科技含义 1)-grapy, 表示学，写法 geography, biography, calligraphy书法2)-ic, ics, 表示学法 physics, politics, logic, mechanics, optics光学, electronics, economics, mathematics, linguistics, aesth
30、etics, statistics, genetics3)-ology, 表示学论biology, zoology, technology, ecology, psychology, archeology, geology, neurology, anthropology, astrology, sociology, mythology, 4)-ry,-ery 表示学科，行业 chemistry, cookery, machinery, fishery, industry, forestry, pottery, jewelry, poetry, slavery (4) 构成具有抽象名词的含义
31、1)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 accuracy, diplomacy外交, privacy accuracy, literacy, intimacy2)-age, 表示状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称 courage, storage, marriage, percentage, bandage, baggage/luggage, carriage, breakage, average, coverage, language, package 3)-al a) 表示事物的动作，过程refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval, disposal
32、处理, proposal, burial, removal, interval, dismissal, withdrawal b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal, criminal, terminal4)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度 endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience, acceptance, significance, acquaintance, allowance, appearance, insurance, conscien
33、ce, resistance, convenience, entrance, existence, occurrence, preference, guidance, assistance, influence, violence, instance, distance, innocence, competence 5)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency, tendency, pregnancy, emergency, fluency, sufficiency, constancy6)-ity, -bility,
34、 表示动作，性质，状态, 程度 possibility, feasibility, capability, probability, responsibility, reliability, flexibility, stability；purity, reality, ability, punctuality, popularity, activity, sensitivity, equality, stupidity7)-cracy, 表示统治，支配 bureaucracy, democracy, aristocracy, autocracy, theocracy 8)-cy, 表示性质，
35、状态，职位，级别 bankruptcy(破产), emergency, accuracy, advocacy, agency, intimacy, literacy, privacy9)-ion, -sion, -tion 表示行为的过程，结果，状况(动词名词) action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction, collection, selection, action, inspection, discussion, impression, education, liberation, invasion, p
36、rovision,admiration, preparation, satisfaction, modification,decision, division,admission, permission, transmission 10)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism, communism,optimism,pessimism,realism 11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argu
37、ment, development, amazement, excitement, disappointment, astonishment, achievement, payment, advertisement, government, equipment, agreement, statement 12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness，happiness, cleverness, shyness, politeness, coldness, carefulness, sadness, darkne
38、ss, illness, selfishness,rudeness, loneliness, laziness 13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业 hardship, membership, friendship, ownership, relationship, championship, scholarship 14)-th, 表示动作，行为 warmth, growth, health, truth, death, birth, depth, length, width, youth, strength, breadth 15)-ure, 表示行为，结果 plea
39、sure, exposure, pressure, failure, mixture, signature, fixture, departure, closure, creature, moisture16)-y, 表示行为的结果，状态，性质 glory, victory, inquiry, difficulty, discovery, recovery, jealousy, modesty, mystery, fantasy, summary, honesty17)-ty, 表示“性质，情况，状态 specialty, certainty, safety, cruelty, entiret
40、y, loyalty, novelty, poverty, 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性，倾向，相关的含义 1)-able, -ible：(v./n.+ableadj.) movable, applicable, responsible, reliable, drinkable, readable, adjustable, adaptable, thinkable, avoidable, respectable, considerable, remarkable, available, sensible; comfortable, visible, valuable, reasonabl
41、e, knowledgeable, favorable,terrible, horrible, possible2)-al： natural, additional, educational, environmental, cultural, seasonal, personal, national, global, economical, universal, logical, national, sensational, spiritual, mental, central, racial, typical, fundamental, practical, medical 3)-ant,
42、-ent： distant, important, significant, instant, brilliant, pleasant, constant, permanent, excellent, patient, independent, different, confident, silent, absent 4)-ar： similar, popular, regular,particular, peculiar, familiar, solar, lunar 5)-ary：contrary, military, voluntary, necessary, imaginary, or
43、dinary, revolutionary 6)-ic： Arctic, electric, plastic, politic, systematic, historic, economic, public, scientific, energetic, enthusiastic, fantastic, classic, comic, tragic, magic, strategic, ironic, optimistic, pessimistic, characteristic 7)-ive： native, passive, expensive, attractive, active, i
44、mpressive, expressive, decisive, sensitive, positive, negative, creative, effective, productive, conservative, addictive, aggressive, defensive, attentive, progressive8)-y 表示“具有特征的、“多的funny,lucky,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty 9)-ory：satisfactory, compulsory, illusory (2) 表示“相象，类
45、似的含义 1)-ish：boyish, childish, womanish, foolish, selfish 【拓】加在颜色词后面，表示“略带.颜色greenish, reddish, yellowish 2)-ly：(注意词性：n.+lyadj.) manly, womanly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly, friendly,brotherly, sisterly, wifely, childly, comradely, lordly, princely, scholarly, knightly, 3)-some： troublesome, handso
46、me, tiresome (3) 表示“充分的，充满的含义 1)-ful：(n./v.+fuladj.) beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, peaceful, forgetful, colorful, useful, careful, harmful, hopeful, meaningful, joyful, delightful, spoonful, mouthful, grateful, powerful, wonderful, successful, painful, shameful 2)-ous： dangerous, generous
47、, courageous, various, curious, famous, poisonous, humorous, glorious, harmonious, generous, serious, delicious, anxious, nervous, envious, luxurious, prosperous, continuous (4)-en：表示“由.形成，制成或生产的含义 wooden, golden, woolen, silken (5) 表示“方向的含义 1)-ern： eastern, western, southern, northern, earthen 2)-ward：eastward, southward, westward, northward, forward, backward,inward, o