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1、初一至初三全程英语学问点总结及练习初一年级（上）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its t
2、ime for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What t
3、ime is it? Its.III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos
4、 on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和全部格的用法；4. 冠词的根本用法；5. There be句型的用法。【名师讲解】1.in/on 在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的外表之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话
5、人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine; thats yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。These are apples; t
6、hose are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打 的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be 有，其准确含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其构造是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词事实上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一样，be动词后面的名词是单数或不行数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of c
7、oke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有很多苹果。总之，There be构造强调的是一种客观存在的有。have表示拥有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，及主语是所属关系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房
8、间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指仔细看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地留意看，但不确定看到，以提示对方留意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑嬉戏。Look! Whats that over there? 看！那边那个是什么？单独运用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能干脆跟宾语。如：Wh
9、at can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，凝视”，侧重于场面，表示聚精会神地观看、视察或凝视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球竞赛。4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着
10、”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同常常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this a
11、fternoon. 今日下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示好之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区分在于：(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的精细，形容人时表示的是身体安康，也 可以用来指天气晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很安康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器Its a fine day for a walk toda
12、y.今日是漫步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美妙，美丽的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很美丽。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你很兴奋。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的一般用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well只可用来形容人
13、的身体好，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的挚友们歌颂得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和全部格的用法；4. 冠词的根本用法；5. There be句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) Mary, please show _ yo
14、ur picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。该题考察的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The【解析】答案：D。该题考察的是冠词的根本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) -What _ the number of the girls in your class? -About
15、twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。该题考察的是动词be的用法和主谓一样。the number作主语，应当是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。4. (2004年陕西省中考试题) There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。该题考察的是There be句型和动词have用法区分。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。初一年级（
16、下）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do ones homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to2
17、2. notat all23. putaway24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you
18、 spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交际用语1. Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong?4. I think so. I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. Whats your favourite sport?10. Don
19、t worry.11.Im (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.17. -May I borrow
20、 your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. Whats your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings a
21、nd vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 如今进展时的构成和用法；4动词have的用法；5一般如今时构成和用法；6可数名词和不行数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All rig
22、ht.Thats right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，确定对方的答案或推断。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我们应当扶植这位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.说得对。Thats all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来答复对方的致谢或致歉。例如：Many thanks. Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right.All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”Please tell me
23、 about it. 请把此事告知我。 All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以说明为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件详细的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最一般的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he sa
24、id . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能干脆接宾语 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的状况？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜爱这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当运用词汇的实力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk : 及 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，
25、一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 示意话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜爱和孩子们交谈。tell : “告知”,除较少状况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 扯谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如：.Miss Zhao often tells us
26、to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出很多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。go shopping
27、 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 及like to do sth. 意思一样，但用法有区分。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和常常性；后来表示一次性和偶尔性的动作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜爱踢足球，但是他不喜爱和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anothe
28、rother表其余的，别的，如：Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人，别的东西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other表另一个（二者之中）one，the other如：One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another表三者以上的另一个，另一些如：There
29、 is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 及 on the tree.译成中文均为在树上但英语中有区分。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要运用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。8. some/ any some和 an
30、y既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不行数名词。但有以下两点须要留意。(1)some常用于确定句中，any常用于否认句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在说话者渴望得到确定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示恳求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依旧用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman
31、一个高个子妇女a tall horse 一个高大的马 (2)说一个不及地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比方人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。 (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副词，tall不能。 (5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.10. can/ could(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的实力，或根据客观条件能做某
32、种动作的实力。例如：Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?What can I do for you？要帮助吗？Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？(2) can用在否认句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的疑心揣测或不愿定。例如：Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？It surely cant be six oclock already？不行能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon，Tom，youve just had lunch.汤姆，你不行能饿得这么快，你
33、刚吃过午饭。What can he mean？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中，can可代替may表示允许，may比拟正式。例如：You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔吗？- Of course，you can.当然可以。You can have my seat，Im going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的实力和可能性（在否认和疑问句中）。例如：The doctor said he could help him.（实力）医生说他能扶植他。Lil
34、y could swim when she was four years old.（实力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。could可代替can表示如今时间的动作，但语气较为宛转。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？Could you？在口语中表示恳求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请
35、你再打 好吗？(4) can的形式只有如今式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般如今和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。全部其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。11. look for/ findlook for 意为“找寻”，而find意为“找到，觉察”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不留意“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for hi
36、s watch，but he cant find it.汤姆正在找寻他的手表，但没能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。The children are asleep now.如今孩子们睡着了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示常常，sometimes表示有时候，在表示发生频
37、率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是常常性，一般性的动作或状况，常及一般如今时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。假设要加强语气，则放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。He often reads English in the morning.他常常在早晨读英语。14. How much/ How manyhow much常用
38、来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？how much后加不行数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示对有好处，而be bad fo
39、r表示对有害；be good to表示对友好，而be bad to表示对不好；be good at表示擅长，在方面做得好，而be bad at表示在方面做得不好。如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。 Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。 Miss Li is good to all of us.李教师对我们全部的人都很友好。 The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。 Li Lei is good at dr
40、awing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。16. each/ everyeach 和every都有每一个的意思，但含义和用法不一样。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。如：We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街的两旁有树。 He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。如：Ea
41、ch of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般如今时/如今进展时一般如今时表示常常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的实力，还有自然现象；而如今进展时表示正在进展或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。Im doing my homework now.我如今正在做作业。如今进展时常及now, these days, at the m
42、oment 或Look, listen等词连用；而一般如今时常及often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。We often clean the classroom after school.我们常常放学后清扫教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他们正在清扫教室呢。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1动词一般如今时和如今进展时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不行数名词的构成和用法。2本册书中常见的交际用语3本册书中一些重点的词组
43、和短语考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。【中考范例】1.（2004年安徽省中考试题） -Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. -I _ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 【解析】答案：C。表示如今正在进展的动作，用如今进展时。2. (2004年长春市中考试题) Could you help _ with _ English, please?A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my
44、 D. my, I 【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。3.(2004年长春市中考试题)Dr. White can _ French very well. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。4.（2004年黄冈中考试题）English is spoken by _people. A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of
45、 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here初二年级（上）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems
46、 doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday36. half an hour