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1、Unit 1Growing Up一、课文A重点词汇1bore vt1）使厌烦，使厌倦2）钻（孔），挖（洞）。nC令人厌烦的人（或事）【例句】1）Father bored us all through the meal with stories about the gulf war父亲吃饭时一直讲海湾战争的故事，我们都听厌烦了。The speaker bored the audience by making a long speech演讲者冗长的演讲使听众厌烦。2）Primitive people got fire by boring a hole in the wood原始社会的人钻木取火。【
2、例句】He is something of a bore他这人有点讨厌。【扩展】boring a令人厌烦的，乏味的，无聊的。bored a感到无聊的，心烦的。【考点】1）bore sbwith sth/ by doing sth某事让某人感到厌烦 get bored with / by sth某人对某事感到厌倦。2）bore sbto death /tears烦死了某人，令人极度厌烦。2associate vt1）（在思想上）把联系在一起。2）使联合，结合，使有联系。vi（with）结交，交往。nC伙伴，同事，合伙人。a副的【例句】1）He always associated the smel
3、l of tobacco with his father他一闻到烟草味就想起他父亲。We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution一提到达尔文的名字我们很自然地就想到了进化论。2）He refused to associate himself with cheats他拒绝参与欺骗行为。【例句】I prefer to associate with people from all lines of work / all walks of life我喜欢与各行各业的人交往。【例句】Hitler and
4、Mussolini were war associates希特勒和墨索里尼是战争伙伴。【例句】She became an associate professor / editor at such a young age of 28她在28岁，如此小的年龄就当上了副教授/ 副主编。【扩展】association n1）C协会，联盟，社团。2）U联合，结合，交往。【考点】1）associate with sb与某人交往 in association with 与有联系 associate sth /sbwith sth/sb把某事（或人）与某事（或人）联系起来。2）比较：connect vt. 连
5、接，联结；联系，结合；给接通电话 vi. 连接，衔接link v. 连接，联系 n.联系，纽带3assign vt1）指派，选派2）指定（时间、地点等）3）分配，给予，布置（作业）【例句】1）Ive been assigned to take notes我被指派做记录。Theyve assigned their best man to the job他们选派了最合适的人做那项工作。2）Shall we assign Tuesday for our weekly meetings?我们把每周例会定在周四好吗？3）Theyve assigned me a small room他们给我一间小屋。Th
6、ey assigned the task to us他们将这任务分派给我们。【扩展】assignment n1）C（分派的）任务，（指定的）作业2）U分配，指派。【考点】assign sbwith sth/ assign sthto sb/assign sbto do sth分派某人做某事 assign sbto sth选派某人做某工作或任某职务 give an assignment 布置作业。4anticipate vt1）预期，期望，预料2）先于行动，提前使用【例句】1）We are trying to anticipate what questions well be asked in
7、the examination我们设法预测考试中会问些什么问题。We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform在进行医疗改革的过程中我们预料会遇到问题。2）We anticipated their complaint by writing a full report我们没等他们投诉就先写好了一份详细的报告。【扩展】anticipation n预料，预测；预期，预期之事物。【考点】1）anticipate sth/ doing sth/ that 预想，预期做 in anticipati
8、on of预料，预期。2）比较：participate vi.（in）参与，参加expect vt.预料；期望，盼望 expect sth. /that预期 expect（sb.）to do sth. 期望某人做某事，预料会5tedious a乏味的，单调的，冗长的【例句】Such lists are long and tedious to read这样的单子既冗长，读起来又索然无味。Laura found George（to be）tedious and decided not to see him any more罗娜发现乔治原来是一个令人生厌的人，决定不再见他。【扩展】tediously
9、 ad乏味地，冗长地。【考点】1）a tedious debate / fellow / speech /speaker索然的辩论/缺乏幽默感的人/ 单调的演讲/演讲者 2）比较：boring，dull，tiresome a乏味的，单调的6reputation nC/U名气，名声，名誉【例句】He has made a reputation for himself as master of mathematics他为自己赢得了数学大师的名声。The company has an excellent reputation for high quality leather shoes那家公司以生产
10、高质量的皮鞋而享有盛誉。【考点】live up to ones reputation行为盛誉相符，不负盛名，名不虚传 ruin sbs reputation损坏 / 败坏某人的名誉 establish / build up /make a reputation树立盛誉 enhance / lower sbs reputation提高 / 降低某人的盛誉 have a reputation for sth以而出名。7inspire vt1）鼓舞，激起2）给以灵感【例句】1）His success inspired me to work still harder towards my set go
11、al他的成功激励着我朝着既定目标更加努力工作。The managers courage inspired confidence in others经理的果敢激发了别人对他的信任。2）The memory of his mother inspired his best poem他对母亲的怀念给他以灵感，使他写出了他最好的诗篇。The charming scenery inspired poets to write beautiful poems迷人的景色使诗人灵感迸发而创作出了美丽的诗篇。【扩展】inspiration nC/U灵感，激励的人或物。【考点】1）inspire sthin sb激发
12、某人的某种情感 inspire sbwith sth鼓励或鼓舞某人 inspire sbto do sth激励某人做某事 inspire sbwith confidence / hope / enthusiasm / loyalty /panic激起某人的信心 / 希望 / 热情 / 忠诚 / 恐慌2）比较：expire vi. 期满 despair vi. 绝望8rigid a1）严格的，死板的2）刚硬的，僵硬的【例句】1）Those middle school students have to follow the rigid daily schedules那些中学生们不得不遵守刻板的日程
13、表。If he had been a little less rigid about things，his daughter would not have left home at such a young age如果他对事情的态度稍许灵活些，他女儿就不会那么年轻就离家出走。2）She was rigid with fear她吓得呆若木鸡。【扩展】rigidly ad严格地，僵硬地。【考点】1）rigid support / posture / tradition / control / principle / laws坚固的支持下/ 僵硬的姿势 / 死板的传统工艺/ 严格的控制 / 死板的原
14、则 / 严格的法规2）比较：severe严重的firm坚固的，严格的strict严格的serious认真的，严肃的，正经的。9severe a1）严重的2）严厉的，严格的3）严峻的，艰难的4）朴素的，不加装饰的【例句】1）Our team suffered a severe defeat我们队遭受了惨败。The drought in this area is becoming increasingly severe这一地区的干旱日趋严重。2）He is severe with his children他对子女十分严厉。Only those who have undergone severe t
15、raining can be accepted into the air force只有那些经过严格训练的人才能被空军接收入伍。3）The competition for university places is severe考大学的竞争是激烈的。4）Her black dress was too severe for such a happy occasion在这么欢快的场合她的黑色礼服显得太严肃了。【扩展】severely ad严重地，严格地，严峻地，朴素地。【考点】1）severe shortage / wound / pain / discipline / penalty / test
16、 / beauty严重短缺 / 重伤 / 剧痛 / 严格的纪律/ 严厉惩罚/ 严峻的考验（严格的测试）/淳朴的美。2）比较：serious，strict，rigid，firm10tackle vt1）对付，处理2）与交涉3）（橄榄球比赛中的）阻截，擒抱。nC阻截，擒抱【例句】1）He charged the committee with failing to tackle those severe economic problems他指责委员会未能处理那些严重的经济问题。The classroom was quiet as the students were busy tackling the
17、 final exam教室里鸦雀无声，因为学生们都在忙于期末考试。2）When are you going to tackle Tom about / on / over that money he owes you?你打算什么时候跟汤姆交涉他欠你的那笔钱。3）He was tackled just outside the penalty area他在禁区边沿受到阻截。【例句】The tackle looked fair but a free kick was awarded阻截动作看上去并未犯规，却被判罚一个任意球。【考点】1）tackle a problem / a difficulty
18、/ tasks处理问题 / 解决困难 / 执行任务tackle sbabout / on / over sth与某人交涉某事。2）比较：deal with，cope with，handle处理，对付，应付。11distribute vt1）分发，分送，分配2）使分布，散布【例句】1）The firm distributed profits among its workers该公司将利润分给工人。Examination papers are usually distributed to the students ten minutes before the exam begins通常在考试前10
19、分钟将考卷发到学生手上。2）Branches of McDonalds are distributed throughout the world麦当劳分店遍布世界各地。The population in this area is densely distributed这一地区人口分布很稠密。【扩展】distribution nC/U 分发，分配，分布，散布。【考点】1）distribute sthto / among sb/ sth分发，分配某物。2）比较：distribute，attribute，contribute，owe12scan vt1）细看，审视2）扫描3）浏览【例句】1）He s
20、canned the boys face to see if he was telling the truth他仔细审察那男孩的脸，看他是不是说的真话。The shipwrecked sailor scanned the horizon anxiously every morning这位遭遇船难的水手每天早晨都焦急地审视着海天相接之处。2）Searchlights were scanning the sky for enemy planes探照灯光扫视着天空，寻找敌机。3）He usually scans newspapers while having breakfast他总是一边吃早餐一边浏
21、览 /翻阅报纸。【扩展】scanner n扫描仪【考点】比较：scan，skim，skip，两种阅读技巧scanning “查读”和skimming“略读”。13sequence n1）C 连续，一连串2）U次序，顺序【例句】1）The second part of the book describes the strange sequence of events that lead to the Kings fall from power这本书的第二部分描述了导致国王下台的一连串奇怪的事件。He described the sequence of events leading to his
22、dismissal from the firm他讲述了导致他被公司解雇的前因后果。2）People usually deal with events in historical sequence人们通常按历史先后顺序研究大事件。【考点】比较：series（单复同）指前后连贯的东西，事件等，一系列 consequence结果，后果。14recall vt1）回忆起，回想起2）召回，叫回3）收回，撤销vi记得，回想【例句】1）I dont recall seeing her in the park我记不得曾在公园见过她。You should try to recall the detail of
23、the accident你应该努力回想这次事故的细节。2）The ambassador was recalled from New York驻纽约的大使被召回。3）The company recalled the product because it has quality problem公司收回了产品，因为该产品有质量问题。【考点】比较：remind使想起，提醒remember记得，记住。15violate vt1）违反，违背2）亵渎3）侵犯，妨碍【例句】1）My younger sister received a ticket for violating the traffic law /
24、 rule我妹妹因违反交通法规而收到一张罚单。The scream violated the peace of the campus尖叫声打破了校园的宁静。2）She said that she had been treated so roughly by the hospital staff that she felt violated她说她遭到了医务人员粗暴的对待，她感到受到了污辱。3）She felt that her privacy had been violated她觉得自己的隐私遭到了侵犯。【扩展】violation n违反，亵渎，侵犯。【考点】1）violate regulati
25、ons / rules /laws /agreements / human rights / privacy违反规定 / 违反规则 /犯法 / 违反协议/ 侵犯人权 /侵犯隐私。2）比较：break打破，破坏，解散。16compose vt1）组成，构成2）创作（乐曲、诗歌等），为谱曲3）使平静，使镇静【例句】1）Water composes nearly 70% of the human body人体中接近70%是水。The management board is composed of three directors and two outside consultants管理委员会由三位理
26、事和两位外来顾问组成。2）She began to compose songs / music / poems at an early age她年轻时就开始创作歌曲 / 作曲 / 写诗。He is composing a poem rather than simply writing words on papers他在创作一首诗，而不是仅仅在纸上写字。3）She was nervous at first but soon composed herself起初她很紧张，但很快就镇静下来。【扩展】composition nC/U构成，组成；结构布局；作文，歌曲，创作；component 1）nC组
27、成（部）分，部件，元件2）a组成的，构成的。【考点】1）（usupassive）be composed of由组成。2）比较：consist vi（of）由构成，包含；comprise vt（某物）由组成，包含，包括；constitute vt（某成分）形成 / 构成某物；form vt形成。17congratulation n1）pl贺词 2）U祝贺，恭喜【例句】1）I sent my warmest congratulations on / upon his success via email通过电子邮件我对他的成功表示最热烈的祝贺。“Congratulations” the doctor
28、 said，“you have a son”医生说：“恭喜你，你生了一个儿子。”2）The principle gave a speech of congratulation for the winner校长向获胜者致贺词。【扩展】congratulate vt祝贺，向道喜。【考点】congratulate sbon / upon sth祝贺某人某事 congratulations on sth祝贺某事。二、课文A重点短语1off and on断断续续地，间歇地，有时【例句】It rained off and on all the day yesterday and so we had to
29、put off our football game昨天的雨断断续续地下了一整天，我们不得不将足球赛延期。Linda managed to support herself by working off and on as a waitress琳达靠着断断续续地做餐厅服务员的工作养活自己。【考点】比较：on and off，from time to time，now and again，sometimes，at intervals，occasionally，once in a while不时，偶尔，间或 on and on无间断地，连续不断地。2take hold生根，固定下来，确定（为不及物词组
30、，后接宾语）【例句】This custom has taken hold这一习俗已被大家所接受。Old habits die hardThats why you should quit smoking before the habit takes hold旧习难改，所以你应在习惯养成前戒烟。【考点】比较：take hold of同catch / get hold of抓住，得到（后接宾语）。3turn out 1）结果是，证明是2）关掉，旋熄3）制造，生产4）驱逐，（使）离开【例句】1）Their performance turned out to be a great success结果，他
31、们的演出非常成功。It turned out that he had predicted exactly what took place结果证实，他精确地预言了所发生的一切。2）Make sure to turn out the light and lock the door注意关灯并锁上门。3）New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly新的计算机很快就过时了，因为更新的机型在不断的生产。4）If you dont behave properly，you will be turned
32、out如果不守规矩，你将被赶出去。【考点】turn around / round 转变，（使）好转 turn away 回绝，把打发走 turn back 折回，往回走 turn down 拒绝（某人或请求）；关小，调低（音量）turn in 交还，上交 turn off 关掉；拐弯 turn on 打开（电源，水龙头等）turn over 翻过来；仔细考虑；移交（所有权，财产等）turn to（sb/ sthfor sth）求助于，求救于，查阅 turn up调大（音量），出现。4out of date过时的，不用的【例句】These words have gone out of date这
33、些词已经不用了。Will jeans ever go out of date?牛仔裤会过时吗？【考点】1）go / be out of date过时 to date 迄今为止 out-of-date过时的（作前置定语）2）比较：old-fashioned，out of fashion过时的，不流行的 up to date合时宜的，最新的，现代化的，切合目前情况的。5face up to勇敢地对付（或接受）（通常是令人不快或困难的事物）【例句】She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young她必须接受她不再年轻这一事实。Now th
34、at your daughter is born，youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father既然你女儿已出生，你就不得不勇敢地承担起做父亲的责任。【考点】face to face 面对面；in the face of 在面前；尽管，不顾。6put down 1）写下，记录，登记2）放下，接下3）镇压，击败【例句】1）The housekeeper put down the daily expenses in a little notebook管家将日常开销都记在一个小笔记本里。2）The novel is so
35、 interesting that I cant put it down这本小说如此有趣，让我爱不释手。3）We should have been able to put our opponent down at the first half of the game我们本应在上半场就击败对手的。【考点】put across / over 解释清楚，使被理解 put aside 储存，保留；把放在一边，不考虑 put away 放好，收好 put in花费（时间，精力等），正式提出，申请 put off 推迟，延期 put on 穿上，上演，增加（体重）put through 为接通电话 put
36、 up 建造，张贴，提高（价格，速度等），为提供食宿 put up with容忍，忍受。7whats more而且，更重要的，更有甚者【例句】How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long，and whats more，he seems not to have brushed his teeth for weeks你怎会爱上这个人？他整天看电视，更有甚者，似乎几个星期都不刷牙。【考点】比较：in addition，furthermore，moreover 而且，此外，再者。8hold back 1）阻挡，抑制2）退缩3）保守（秘密等）
37、，隐瞒【例句】1）Nothing could hold them back from success任何东西都不能阻挡他们获取胜利。2）She held back，not knowing how to break the sad news她踌躇着，不知该怎样宣布这悲惨的消息。3）Wed better hold back the bad news for the time being我们最好暂时不公布这个坏消息。【考点】hold back information / anger / ones tears不走漏消息 / 抑制住怒火 / 不让眼泪流下来 catch / get / take hold
38、 of 抓住，得到 hold down 阻止（物价等）上涨，控制 hold off 推迟，阻止，抵挡住 hold on（打电话时）不挂断，握住不放，坚持住 hold on to / onto（后接宾语）紧紧抓住，坚持 hold out 伸出，保持，坚持（要求）；不屈服 hold up 支持，支撑；延迟 hold with赞成，赞同。三、课文A易混词辨析1recall，remind，remember这三个词都有“回忆，想起”之意，但recall vtvi指有意识地“回忆起，回想起”，强调有意识的努力或意志，常与can 或could连用，其常用的句型为：recall sth/ doing sth/
39、 that / where / how / what；recall sthto ones mind回忆起某事；remind vt指某人或某事使人“想起，联想起”另外的人或事，常用句型为：remind sbof sth；也可表示“使想起，提醒”等意思，常用句型为：remind sbof sth/ to do sth/ that；remember vtvi表示“记得，记住”过去发生的事情，不含努力或有意识的意思，常用句型为：remember sth记起某事remember to do sth记得去做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事remember that / where /
40、what记得I cant recall his face我回忆不起他的容貌了。I cant recall seeing him at his cousins wedding我想不起在他表弟的婚礼上见过他。You should try to recall what exactly happened你应该尽力回忆事情发生的确切情况。The smell of lily always reminds me of our old house百合花香总是使我想起我们的旧宅。Where I go，the picture will remind me of our motherland无论走到哪里，这幅画都会
41、使我想起我们的祖国。The librarian reminded the students to be quiet图书管理员提醒学生保持安静。He reminded me that I had an appointment in the afternoon他提醒我下午有个约会。Remember to turn the lights off when you leave the classroom离开教室时别忘了关灯。I remember posting the letter at the post office opposite our house我记得在我们家对面的邮局寄的信。I remem
42、ber it was raining heavily我只记得当时正下着大雨。2compose，consist，comprise，constitute这一组词都含有“组成，构成”之意，但注意词性及用法。compose vt组成，构成（常用被动）be composed of由组成。consist vi（of）由构成，包含（不能用于被动语态）；comprise vt（某物）由组成，包含，包括，意为整体包含部分，相当与be composed of或consist of，（可用被动）be comprised of；constitute vt（某成分）形成 / 构成某物，指部分构成整体，（可用被动）be
43、constituted of。Water composes nearly 70% of the human body人体中接近70%是水。The management board is composed of three directors and two outside consultants管理委员会由三位理事和两位外来顾问组成。The cake consists of mainly sugar，flour and butter这蛋糕的主要成分是糖、面粉和黄油。Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen水是由氢和氧组成。The committee is co
44、mprised of three sub-committees with different areas of responsibility该委员会由3个分会组成，他们各负其责。The House of Commons and the House of Lords comprise the British Parliament上议院和下议院组成了英国国会。Seven days constitute a week七天构成一个星期。The committee is constituted of members of all three parties委员会由三个政党的成员组成。3distribut
45、e，contribute，attribute，owe这一组词容易混淆的地方就在于它们后面都可搭配介词 “to”，但它们的词性及意思都有不同。distribute vt分发，分送，分配（常用介词among，to）；使分布，散布；contribute vt捐赠，捐献，捐助（后跟介词for接目的，to接组织、运动），vi（to）有助于，促成；attribute vt（to）认为是所属；把归因于，把（过错、责任等）归于；owe vt欠（owe sbsth）；应把归功于（to）The firm distributed profits among its workers该公司将利润分给工人。Examina
46、tion papers are usually distributed to the students ten minutes before the exam begins通常在考试前10分钟将考卷发到学生手上。Branches of McDonalds are distributed throughout the world麦当劳分店遍布世界各地。The population in this area is densely distributed这一地区人口分布很稠密They call on people to contribute food and clothing for the ref
47、ugees in Africa他们呼吁人们为非洲难民捐赠粮食和衣物。He contributed much of his money to the Red Cross他将很多钱捐给了红十字会。Drink contributed to his ruin酗酒导致了他的毁灭/ 他的毁灭应归于酗酒。Various factors contributed to his downfall许多因素导致了他垮台。This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare通常认为这部戏是莎士比亚所作。He attributed his illness to the awful weather他把自己的病归于恶劣的天气。She attributed her success to her hard work她把成功归于勤奋。I paid him what I owed him我把