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1、 重点短语1. at the top of 在顶部 at the bottom of 在底部 in the middle of 在中间2.ake efforts to do 努力做3.be connected with 和有联系4.close to来源:学_科_网靠近5.die of hunger 死于饥饿6.go hungry 挨饿7.with the development of 随着的发展8.take measures to do来源:学科网 采取措施做9.developing countries发展中国家10.developed countries 发达国家11.for a long
2、period of time 很长一段时间12.have/receive an education来源:学+科受教育13.up to 直到(数目)14.improve the environment 改善环境15.drinking water 饮用水16.encourage.to do 鼓励某人做17.give more help to 给与更多的帮助18.give examples 举例子19.in the past ten years 在过去的十年里20.move out of poverty 脱贫21.go to primary school 上小学22.get medical care
3、 享受医疗保健23.in particular 尤其是24.collect money 筹款，募捐25.for oneself 亲自为自己26.be willing to do 愿意做27.in recent years 近年来28.be useful for 对有用29.run through the town来源:Z#流经小城30.increase by 增加了31.make some progress 取得进步32.cities of similar size and age来源:学,科,网 大小和年龄相似的城市33.How do you find it? 你认为它怎么样？ =What
4、do you think of it?=What is your opinion about it?34.It is totally fascinating! 它太有吸引力了35.I didnt get that.36.From the agreement came the Human Development Report. 人类发展报告就出自这一项协议37.The index measures a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy, education and income.这个指数从三种方面衡量了一个国家的成就：寿命，
5、教育和收入。38.The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while China is in the middle of the list.该指数展示了一些让人惊奇的事。挪威位于名单之首， 而中国居于名单的中间。39.The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone(in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.倒数的十个国家都来自非洲，塞拉利昂(西非)位居倒数第一。40.Make
6、 sure that all children have education up to the age of 11.确保孩子直到11岁都接受教育41.For example, in nine years(1953-1962), China increased life expectancy by 13 years.例如：9年的时间(1953-1962)， 中国人的寿命增长了13年。42.Water is now mostly safe to drink.大部分水喝起来是健康的43.Although developed countries give some financial help, t
7、hey need to give much more发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但他们应提供更多的援助。44.These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.他们是世界上最富裕的五个国家之一，所以他们这样做是理所应该的45.Beijing is less dangerous than Sydney.北京没有悉尼那么危险。46.Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to
8、some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.旅游业对于他们两个来说都是重要的，他们都靠近地区最美丽的乡下47.Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns to visit each other.姐妹城市协议鼓励2个城市的人们互相访问。48.Town twinning agreements are perhaps most useful for students and people who want to practise speaking another
9、 language.姐妹城市协议对于想练习讲另一种语言的学生和人或许是最有用的。49.This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their languages, and as a result you improve fast.这是因为跟一家外国人在一起生活一两个星期意味着你得讲他们的语言，所以你就会进步地很快。基础盘点1Income (n.)收入2Measure (vt.)测定；测量；评估3Goal (n.)目标4Position (n.)位置
10、5Figure (n.)数字6Exchange (n.)交换7Poverty (n.)贫穷8Development (n.)发展9Educate (vt.)教育；培养；10crowded(adj.)拥挤的 11similarity(n.)类似；相似12unfortunate(adj.)不幸的；遗憾的13entertainment(n.)娱乐14Thousands of people go hungry every day. If they dont have enough to eat，theyll die of cold and hunger.(hunger)15The factory po
11、llutes the air and water.We must take measures to get rid of pollutes as the polluted air and water will lead to diseases.(polluted)1make sure 确保，确定2up to 达到；正在做,从事于3at the top of 在顶端4at the bottom of 在底部5give (an)example of sth. 给出例子6make progress 取得进步7make efforts 努力8collect/raise money for 为筹集资金/
12、募捐9for oneself亲自地；为自己10e willing to do sth. 甘愿/乐意做某事11bbe connected with与有关系/联系12as a result 因此；结果13be close to 接近；靠近典型句式1完全倒装From this agreement came (出自于这一协议)the Human Development Report.2while表示对比转折，意思是：然而Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7(而美国则排在第七位)3现在进行时的被动语态(am/is/are
13、beingdone)Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school，about 115 million children_are not being educated(没有接受教育)4名词/代词beadj.to doHowever，in other regions of the world，e.g. Eastern Europe，water is now mostly safe to drink(现在饮用水大部分是很安全的)5because引导表语从句This is because(
14、这是因为) living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language，and as a result you improve fast.单元语法连词1(2011高考大纲全国卷)It was a nice meal，_a little expensive.Athough BWhether Cas Dsince解析：选A。句意：尽管有点贵，但还是不错的一餐。本题考查连词。A项表示尽管，虽然；B项表示是否；C项表示因为，尽管，但作“尽管”讲时，常用倒装结构；D项表示既然，
15、自从。由语境中两个关键词nice和expensive可得知，这里表示转折。2(2011高考陕西卷)_all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.ASince BWhile CIf DAs 解析：选B。句意：尽管他们都是(实力)很强的候选人，但只有一人将入选这个职位。本题考查连词。since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as当的时候。 3(2011高考课标全国卷)Someone wants you on the phone._ nobody knows I am here.AAlthough
16、 BAnd CBut DSo 解析：选C。句意：“有人打电话找你。”“但没有人知道我在这儿。”本题考查连词在具体语境中的应用。although虽然，尽管；and并且，和，又；but但是，不过；so因此。根据句意选择C项。 4(2011高考山东卷)Find ways to praise your children often，_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.Atill Bor Cand Dbut 解析：选C。句意：如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子,你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉.本题所考查的句式为“祈使句and/or陈述句”.本
17、句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示条件下的结果，故用and连接；or表示“否则”，与句意不符 5 .The UK is in the thirteenth position, _ China is in the middle of the list. A. when B. while C. as D. however【解析】选B。考查连词。句意：英国位居第十三位, 而中国在中间。根据句意可知此处需要填表示转折的连词。while“当时候, 然而”, 表示“然而”时, 强调前后之间是对比转折的关系。however也有“然而”之意, 但表示此意时, 经常用逗号把however与句子隔开。6.
18、The bottom ten countries are all African countries, _ Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. A. because B. when C. if D. with【解析】选D。考查with复合结构。此处with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list是with+名词(短语)“Sierra Leone (in West Africa)”+介词(短语)“at the bottom of the list”
19、构成的with复合结构。7. The report shows that we are making some progress _ we need to make greater efforts. A. but B. That C. but that D. and that【解析】选C。考查句子结构。此处谓语动词shows后面跟了两个宾语从句, 且两个宾语从句之间是转折关系, 要用but来连接。当两个宾语从句都由that引导时, 第一个that可以省略, 但第二个不能省略。单词精研8. These are among the five richest countries in the wor
20、ld, so _ is right that they should do so. A. this B. that C. what D. it【解析】选D。考查形式主语。此处it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that they should do so。其他三个选项不能作形式主语。9. Town twinning agreements are perhaps most useful for students and people who want _ another language. A. to practise to speak B. practising speakingC. to p
21、ractise speaking D. practise speak【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。首先, 表示“想做某事”要用want to do sth. ; 其次, practise后面要用v.-ing形式。所以选C1 measure v测量；评估；测定n尺寸；大小；度量单位；措施(教材P12)What does the Human Development Index measure？人类发展指数是测量什么的？归纳拓展make clothes to ones measure 为某人量体裁衣take measures(to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)beyond measure 很
22、大；很多；极其助记Education shouldnt be measured purely by examination results.教育不应该纯粹用考试成绩来衡量。Do you make suits to your measure?你定做西装吗？(朗文P1221)Her work has improved beyond measure.她的工作已大有进步。(2011高考湖北卷)The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.政
23、府为保持市场稳定，采取了措施来降低日用品价格。2 position n地点，位置；姿势；地位；立场，处境；职位(教材P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position，while China is in the middle of the list.英国排在第十三位，而中国排在中间位置。归纳拓展in a.position 处于的地位/处境be in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置be in a position to do sth. (因有能力、金钱或权力而)能做某事take up(ones)position 就位shift ones posi
24、tion 改变立场(2011高考广东卷)A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class.毕业后一年，我得到了一个教写作课的职位。(朗文P1521)When I know all the facts, Ill be in a position to advise you.在我了解所有的事实之后，我就能给你提出建议了辨析state，condition，situation，positionstate多表示身体、心理状况，也可表示物质的状态。condition表示周围的工作、学习等的环境、条件(常用复
25、数)；表示身体条件(多为不可数)。situation表示政治上的形势、局面；表示公司或集团的总状况、处境等。position处境、情势 (尤指影响自己的行动能力)；也可用来表示政治上的形势、局面，不如situation正式。He applied for the position of assistant manager in the big company.他在这家大公司申请到了经理助理的职位。She is in no condition to travel.她的身体条件差，不宜去旅游。The economic situation of the country is disastrous.这个
26、国家的经济状况非常糟糕。Water has three states：solid，liquid and steam.水有三种状态：固态、液态和气态。3 figure n数字；图形；人物；身材 v计算；认为，以为(教材P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage.用短文中的数字完成表格。归纳拓展(2011高考上海卷)Once their size goes beyond this figure，the organizations are getting less flexible.一旦超过这个数字，这些组织就不那么灵活了。(2011高考
27、江苏卷)Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.因为领导是公众人物，他们的道歉从个人角度来说可能不舒服，而且还有职业风险。How does Mary manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?玛丽吃得这么多，究竟是怎样保持完美身材的？Leaders of many countries have been trying to figure
28、out what it is that makes China develop so fast.许多国家的领导一直设法想弄清楚到底是什么使中国发展如此快。跟踪训练.品句填词1Its mostunfortunate(不幸的，遗憾的)that your father cant come to the wedding.2Many charities(慈善团体)sent money to help the victims of the famine.3The_transport (运输)of goods by air is very costly.4. The beach gets so_crowde
29、d (拥挤的)in August，when there are many tourists.5From his_position (位置)on the cliff top，he had a good view of the harbour. 6The girl was_educated (教育)at a very famous school.7There are some striking_similarities (相似)between the two plays.8She had been worn down by_poverty _(贫穷)and illness.单项填空1They re
30、ceived a proportion of their_from the sales of goods and services.AincomeBPay Cwage Dexpense解析：选A。income意为“收入；所得”，不一定是工资，也可以是投资别的所获得的收益。pay意为“支付的费用”；wage“工资；薪水”；expense意为“开支”。2We havent met for years, but we still_greetings by email on festivals.Achange BReplace Cexchange Dtransfer解析：选C。exchange意为“交
31、换；交流”；change意为“改变；变换”; replace“替代”；transfer意为“转移；搬运”。3The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to_ its reality.Amake up Bfigure out Clook through Dput off解析：选B。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费一段时间才能弄清楚它的真实情况。make up组成；编造；弥补；look through温习；仔细查看；浏览；put off推迟。4From their_on the t
32、op of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.Astage BPosition Ccondition Dsituation解析：选B。考查名词辨析。Stage“(进展的)阶段，时期”；position“位置，职位”；condition“情况，条件”；situation“情况，形势，情景”。句意：从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置,游客们可以更好地观看这座城市.这里明显说的是位置,所以用position5Its high time we_effective_to improve your working conditions
33、.Atook；measures Bmade；measures Cdid；measure Dhad；measure解析：选A。考查固定短语take measures to do.表示“采取措施干”。本句意为“该是我们采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件的时候了。”短语精释1. make efforts努力，尽力(教材P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示我们一直在进步，但我们还需要付出更大的努力。归纳拓展(2011高考安徽卷).but we
34、dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it.但是我们没有尽力去教孩子如何来理财。(朗文P603)Every effort is being made to deal with the issues you raised at the last meeting.正尽一切努力处理你在上次会议上提出的问题。Frank put a lot of effort into the preparations for the party.弗兰克花了很大力气来准备这次聚会。As your agent, we shall spare no effo
35、rts to promote the sale of your slippers on our market.作为你的代理,我们将不遗余力地在市场上推销你们的拖鞋。2.be connected with与有联系；与有关(教材P16)Which word is connected with building?哪个词和建筑有关？归纳拓展(2011高考天津卷)You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.你可以看出他们生活中的变化，这些变化和他们有意义的假期经
36、历有联系。(2010高考江苏卷)The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia.第一个或许能通过越南和马来西亚把昆明和新加坡连接起来。Her diligence must have something to do with her success.她的勤勉和她的成功一定有某种关系。6 up to直到；到为止(教材P12)make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11确保所有的孩子到11岁时都能接受教育归纳
37、拓展up to 多至，高达(数目)；达到(程度)be up to. 打算做/正做(不好的事)；胜任It is up to sb. to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任；应由某人做某事Its up to you. 由你作主。/取决于你。(2011高考上海卷)It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.它吹出双倍的水流，高出水面四米。“Shall we have red wine or white？”“Its up to you.”“我们来点红酒还是白酒？”“你看着办吧。”I se
38、e what youre up to.我知道你在动什么歪脑筋。跟踪训练.选词填空up to，without effort，make sure，take measures，make progress1I think I locked the front door，but Id better_make sure.2Up to six people can sleep in the bus.3He finished the task_without effort_.4The government is going to_take measuresto help the poor.5We are al
39、l surprised that he_made such great _progress _in such a short time. .单项填空1That soldier was suspected to_the crime.Aconnect to Bconnect withCbe connected to Dbe connected with 解析：选D。be connected with“和有联系”。2Every effort should be_to save the boys life.Ataken BDone Cmade Dgiven解析：选C。考查固定搭配make every
40、effort to do.表示“尽一切努力做”。本句意为“应该尽一切努力来挽救那个男孩的生命。”3I have offered to paint the house _ a weeks accommodation.Ain exchange for Bwith regard to Cby means of Din place of解析：选A。句意：我主动提出粉刷这所房子，条件是让我免费吃住一周。空白处要用in exchange for表示“作为交换”。with regard to关于；by means of凭借手段；in place of代替。4I havent seen you for a c
41、ouple of days.What have you been up_? Ain BTo Cwith Dfor解析：选B。be up to sth.“在做某事”。后一句句意：你一直在忙什么事情？5He_ who the murderer was before the end of the book.Afigured on Bfigured in Cfigured out Dfigured up解析：选C。句意：他没读完这本书就已经知道谁是凶手了。figure out 意为“明白；想出”；figure on 意为“依赖；打算”；figure in 意为“算入”；figure up 意为“计算”
42、。7 (教材P12)Norway is at the top of the list，while the US. is at number 7.挪威高居榜首，而美国则名列第七。句型精讲【点津】while 在此句中作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示一种对比关系。while还可以表示“尽管，虽然”以及“只要(as long as)”。Men usually work more outside the home，while women take on more of the housework.男性通常多是在外工作，而女性则承担更多的家务。I am fond of music while my brot
43、her is fond of sports.我喜欢音乐而我弟弟喜欢体育运动。(牛津P2293)While I am willing to help，I do not have much time available.尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间【注意】but是并列连词，常用以引出与前后相对照或修饰前文的句子、词或词组。while常用作从属连词，表示“而，然而”时强调前后对比性，用来引导句子。8 (教材P19)Its an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and.它是有着相似的面积和年代的城镇之间的一份协定
44、，而且【点津】(1)be of抽象名词be该名词相对应的形容词be of great (much)blcrc (avs4alco1(valueimportanceusehelpinterest)be very blcrc (avs4alco1(valuableimportantusefulhelpfulinteresting)(2)“be of集合名词或其他类型的名词”。此处为普通用法，相当于“的”，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍及出处等的名词，常用的名词有family/blood/race/origin等。(3)“be of物质名词”表示主语是“用某种材料构成或制作的”，相当于be
45、 made of或be built of。(4)还有些抽象名词没有相对应的形容词形式。如：be of the size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type.。This dictionary is of great use to learners of English.This dictionary is very useful to learners of English.这本词典对英语学习者很有用。They are of the same state.They belong to the same state.他们属于同一个州。George is a man of great courage.乔治是一个勇气非凡的人。跟踪训练.完成句子1Children need friends _of their own age (与他们同龄的) to play with.2She thought I was talking