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1、课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the bette
2、r.Their refrain might go something like this: I wish it hadnt happened, but Im a better person for it.1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦磨难最终会使他们向好方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations,
3、perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limi
4、ted to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理学上真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难报道中:在最困难境况中，人所具有一种内在发奋向上能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌经历作出积极回应并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过人都说他们生活从此在某些
5、方面有了改善。3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic str
6、ess is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.3诸如此类有关危机改变一生发现有着可观研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。创伤后压力绝不是
7、唯一可能结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕经历之后，也只有一小局部成年人会受到长期心理折磨。更常见情况是，人们会恢复过来甚至最终会成功兴旺。 4 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss-a life protected from
8、bad feelings,free from pain and confusion. 4那些经受住苦难打击人是有关幸福悖论生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好生活，我们所需要不仅仅是愉悦感受。我们这个时代人对幸福追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。5 This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meaningful life. It is the dark matter of happiness
9、,the ineffable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our own lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us
10、 about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for the good life.5这种对幸福平淡定义忽略了问题主要方面种富有意义生活所带来那种丰富、完整愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏那种本质是我们在明智男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育那种不可言喻品质。事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到打击，并重新思考他们生活意义或许对那种深刻、给人以强烈满足感人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活探寻)最有发言权。 6 This
11、 broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia and regret. Happiness is only one among many values in human life, contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University
12、 of Missouri in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity-sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To live a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is
13、 not enough. We also need to grow-and sometimes growing hurts.6这种对美好生活更为广泛定义把深深满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立深切联系融合在一起。它主要受愉悦情感支配，但同时也夹杂着惆怅和悔恨。密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校心理学家劳拉金认为:“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中一种。慈悲、智慧、无私、.洞察力及创造力有时只有经历逆境考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦改变过程。只过安宁、无忧无虑生活是缺乏以体验一段完整人生。(此文来自袁勇兵博客)我们也需要成长-尽管有时成长是痛苦。7 In a dark room i
14、n Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reactions that eventually left her in total bod
15、y agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement-trying to swallow, fqr example-was excruciating. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.7在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑房间里，31岁时装设计师特蕾西塞尔感到自己奄奄一息。就在几个月前，她已经停顿服用控制她关节炎强效免疫抑制药。她从没预见到接下来将要发生事:停药之后反响最终使她全身剧烈疼痛，神经系统出现严重问题。最轻微动作比方说试着吞咽对她来说也
16、痛苦不堪。甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。8 Cyr is no wimp-diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of two, she had endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time,she was way6 past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going
17、 to kill her or, pretty soon, she felt she might have to kill herself.8塞尔并不是懦弱人。她在两岁时就被诊断得了幼年型类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍受着病症和治疗(药物、手术)折磨。但是这一次，她实在不堪忍受了，她医生所做一切似乎都不起作用。要么让疾病完毕她生命，要么她就得很快了结自己生命了。9 As her sleepless nights wore on, though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. S
18、he was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. I felt stripped of everything Id ever identified myself with, she said six months later. Everything I thought Id known or bel
19、ieved in was useless-time, money, self-image, perception. Recognizing that was so freeing.9然而，在经历了假设干个不眠之夜后，她想自杀念头开场被新感谢之情所打断。虽然她仍然感到痛苦，但一种新意识每一夜都变得更加强烈:一种令人惊叹解脱感，结合着一种包容一切同情和怜悯情感。“我感到一切我曾经用来认同自己身份东西都被剥夺了，六个月后她这样说道，“一切我认为我知道或相信事物时间、金钱、自我形象、对事物看法都毫无价值了。意识到这一点真是让我感到解脱。10 Within a few months, she began
20、 to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. She says now theres no question that her life is better. l felt I had been shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happy and to nurture other life. Its that simple.10在几个月内，得益于类固醇加其他药物鸡尾酒疗法，她开场能够更加自如地活动了。她说，毫
21、无疑问她现在生活状况有了好转。“我感觉我窥探到了生命秘密以及我们生存意义，那就是快乐地生活，同时扶持他人。就这么简单!11 Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, says Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term post-trau
22、matic growth. His studies of people who have endured extreme events, like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath; they are preoccupied with the idea that their lives have been shattered. A few are haunted long afterward by mem
23、ory problems, sleep trouble and similar symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder 7. But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people-perhaps even the majority-life ultimately becomes richer and more Gratifying.11她这种不可思议经历完全是个惊喜。但是北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校心理学教授里奇特德斯基认为，这种转变感觉从某些方面看却是很典型。里奇特德斯基教授首创了“创伤后成长
24、一词。他对那些经历了诸如搏斗、暴力犯罪、突患重病等极端事件人群进展了研究，这些研究说明，在刚经历不幸后大多数人随即都会感到茫然和焦虑。他们一心想就是，自己生活完全被毁了。有少局部人事后很久了还不断被记忆问题、失眠以及类似创伤后应激障碍所折磨。但特德斯基和其他学者发现，对很多人(可能甚至是绝大多数人)来说，生活最终会变得更加丰富和更加令人满足。12 Something similar happens to many people who experience a terrifying physical threat. In that moment, our sense of invulnerab
25、ility is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. Our everyday life scripts-our habits, self-perceptions and assumptions-go out the window, and we are left with a raw experience of the world.12许多经历过恐惧人身威胁人会遇到类似情况。在事情
26、发生那一瞬间，我们平安感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界种种看法之间自我保护精神盔甲被剥离了。我们日常生活轨迹(我们习惯、自我认识和主观意念)全部被抛到九霄云外，只剩下对世界原始体验。13 Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes conscious effort. Being willing and able to take on this process is one of the major differen
27、ces between those who grow through adversity and those who are destroyed by it. The people who find value in adversity arent the toughest or the most rational. What makes them different is that they are able to incorporate what happened into the story of their own life.13尽管如此，要实际实现这些转变并完全承受新现实，通常需要有
28、意识地付出努力。是否愿意并有能力承当这个过程，就是那些在灾难中成长和那些被灾难所摧毁人之间主要区别之一。认为灾难有价值人并不是最坚强或最理性人。使他们与众不同是他们能够将所遭遇事融入他们自己人生历程中。14 Eventually, they may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined.Survivors say they have become more tolerant and forgiving of others, capable of bringing peace to formerly troubled relation
29、ships. They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and family paramount-and that the crisis allowed them to recognize life in line with their new priorities.14最终，他们可能会发现自己以从未想到过方式获得了解脱。幸存者往往说他们变得更加宽容，也更能原谅别人，能够缓和原本糟糕关系。他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能
30、够按照这些新优先之事来重新认识生活。15 People who have grown from adversity often feel much less fear, despite the frightening things theyve been through. They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. People dont say that what they went through was wonderf
31、ul, says Tedeschi. They werent meaning to grow from it. They were just trying to survive. But in retrospect, what they gained was more than they ever anticipated.15从灾难中成长起来人尽管经历过恐惧事情，但他们恐惧感往往大为减少。他们对自己力量感到吃惊，相信不管今后生活中将要遭遇什么，他们都能应付。特德斯基说:“人们不会说他们所经历是美好。他们并不是特意要通过这样经历来成长。他们只是尽其所能生存下来。但回忆起来，他们收获远远大于他们所
32、预料。16 In his recent book Satisfaction, Emory University psychiatrist Gregory Berns points to extreme endurance athletes who push themselves to their physical limits for days at a time. They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self-loss, confusion and, finally, a new
33、 sense of mastery. For ultramarathoners, who regularly run 100-mile races that last more than 24 hours, vomiting and hallucinating are normal. After a day and night of running without stopping or sleeping, competitors sometimes forget who they are and what they are doing.16埃默里大学精神病学家格列高利伯思斯在他近作满足中指出
34、，极限耐力运发动每次训练都要使自己身体连续数天处于极限状态。他们和经历创伤幸存者所经历感觉过程一样:自我失落，困惑，最后获得一种新驾驭感。对于经常跑超过24小时l00英里比赛超级马拉松运发动来说，呕吐和产生幻觉是常事。在一昼夜不停歇不睡觉地跑步之后，竞赛者有时会忘了自己是谁，忘了自己在干什么。17 For a more common example of growth through adversity, look to one of lifes biggest challenges: parenting. Having a baby has been shown to decrease le
35、vels of happiness. The sleep deprivation and the necessity of putting aside personal pleasure in order to care for an infant mean that people with newborns are more likely to be depressed and find their marriage on the rocks. Nonetheless, over the long haul, raising a child is one of the most reward
36、ing and meaningful of all human undertakings. The short-term sacrifice of happiness is outweighed by other benefits, like fulfillment, altruism and the chance to leave a meaningful Legacy.17更普遍在逆境中成长例子要数生命中最大挑战之一:为人父母。生育孩子一直被认为会降低幸福程度。为了照顾婴儿而睡眠缺乏并且必须将自己消遣撇到一边，意味着有了新生儿人更有可能感到抑郁并且面临婚姻危机。然而，长远看来，养育孩子是所
37、有人类活动中最有意义、最值得去做一件事情。短时间内牺牲了幸福，却有了更多收获，比方满足感、无私以及有时机留下一笔意义深远遗产。18 Ultimately, the emotional reward can compensate for the pain and difficulty of adversity. This perspective does not cancel out what happened, but it puts it all in a different context:that its possible to live an extraordinary rewardi
38、ng life even within the constraints and struggles we face. In some form or other, says King, we all must go through this realization. Youre not going to be the person you thought you were, but heres who you are going to be instead-and that turns out to be a pretty great life.18总之，情感上回报可以弥补灾难带来痛苦和困难。
39、这种精神收获并不能抵消所发生苦难，但是它可以把这些苦难全部放在另一个不同背景中来对待，.那就是即使我们面临约束和挣扎，我们仍然可以生存得极有价值。金指出，我们所有人都必须以这样或那样形式经历这种觉悟。“你将不再是自己心目中曾经你，取而代之是一个新你而事实会证明生活从此将非常美好。Unit4 Is Google Making Us Stupid1.Over the past few years Ive had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something,has been tinkering with my brain, remapping
40、the neural circuitry, reprograming the memory. My mind isnt going一 so far as I can tell一 but its changing. Im not thinking the way I used to think. I can feel it most strongly when Im reading. Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up in the narrati
41、ve or the turns of the argument, and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. Thats rarely the case anymore. Now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages. I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do. I feel as if Im always dragging m
42、y wayward brain back to the text. The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle. 1在过去几年里，我老有一种不祥之感，觉得有什么人，或什么东西，一直在我脑袋里捣鼓不停，重绘我脑电图，重写我脑内存。我思想倒没跑掉到目前为止我还能这么说，但它正在改变。我思维方式在变。这种感觉在我阅读时候尤为强烈。过去总是不费力就能让自己沉浸在一本书或一篇长文章中，被其中表达或不同论点深深吸引。我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。可如今这都不灵了。现在，我翻上两三页书，注意力就开场不集中了。我会变得
43、烦躁，抓不住重点，开场想找点其他事情做。我感觉我似乎要硬拖着我任性大脑才能回到文章中。原本轻松自然深度阅读，已成了痛苦挣扎。2.I think I know whats going on. For more than a decade now, Ive been spending a lot of time online, searching and surfing and sometimes adding to the great databases of the Internet. The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. Research
44、 that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes. A few Google searches, some quick clicks on hyperlinks, and Ive got the telltale fact or pithy quote I was after. Even when Im not working, Im as likely as not to be foraging in the Webs info-thickets
45、2-reading and writing emails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listening to podcasts, or just tripping from link to link to link. (Unlike footnotes, to which theyre sometimes likened, hyperlinks dont merely point to related works; they propel you toward them.)2我想我知道到底是怎么一回事了。十多
46、年来，我在网上花了好多时间，在因特网信息汪洋中冲浪、搜寻、添加。对作家而言，网络就像个天上掉下来聚宝盆。过去要在书堆里或图书馆期刊阅览室中花上好几天做研究，现在几分钟就齐活。“谷歌几下，快速点开几个链接，就可以找到我所需要事实或者精炼引证。即使在工作之余，我也很有可能在信息丰富网络里遨游收发电子邮件、浏览头条新闻、点击博客、看视频、听播客或者只是从一个链接跳转到一个又一个链接。(超链接常被比作脚注，但是和脚注不一样，超链接不仅仅链接到相关作品;它们还驱使你去点击创门。)3.For me, as for others , the Net is becoming a universa一medium
47、, the conduit for most of the information that flows through my eyes and ears and into my mind. The advantages of having immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of information are many, and theyve been widely described and duly applauded. The perfect recall of silicon memory, Wireds0 Clive
48、 Thompson has written, can be an enormous boon to thinking. But that boon comes at a price. As the media theorist Marshall McLuhan pointed out in the 1960s, media are not just passive channels of information. They supply the stuff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought. And what the
49、Net seems to be doing is chipping away at my capacity for concentration and contemplation. My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swiftly moving stream of particles.Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski.3对我来说，像对其他人也一样，网络已经成为了一种通用媒介，大局部信息都通过这个渠道进人我们眼、耳，最后进人我们大脑。能从这样一个异常丰富信息库中直接获取信息，其优点是很多，而且也得到了广泛描述和适当赞誉。“硅存储器完美记忆性，连线杂志克莱夫汤普森写