《初二下册英语知识点汇总.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初二下册英语知识点汇总.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、初二下册英语知识点汇总Module 14一：地毯搜索1. Lets go and see = Lets go to see2. be careful = look out = take care当心，小心3. look after = take care of关心，照顾，保管4. give sth back to sb = return sth to sb把某物归还某人; give back = return5. 把肯定祈使句变成否定直接在动词原形的前面加dont6. shout at及shout to7. leave 及forget 在表示“忘记”时的区别：leave一般指因暂时性的遗忘而导
2、致某一东西的丢失，也就是说leave指的是遗忘东西，而forget指的是因遗忘而导致某件事情没有得做，即forget指的是忘记做事情。8. take the dog for a walk带狗去散步9. A trip to sw到某地的一次旅行10. take photos (pictures. photographs)11. have a picnic12. feed the fish喂鱼13. hurry up = in a hurry14. leave 及leave for 的不同15. phone = telephone = call = ring up = make a telepho
3、ne call16. water水，给浇水17. make the bed 18. walk the dog 遛狗19. write to20. cook煮，厨师；cooker炊具21. buy sb sth = buy sth for sb22. nothing = not .anything23. wish及hope 的区别：wish实现的可能性比较小，而hope 实现的可能性比较大，短语有： wish / hope to do sth希望做某事, 如：I wish / hope to go to the collegewish / hope for sth希望得到某物. 如：I wish
4、 / hope for success wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事,如: I wish you to go to the college wish sb sth希望某人某事，如:I wish you success注意：没有hope sb to do sth与hope sb sth这两种表达形式，另外，wish引导的从句要用虚拟语气，而hope 引导的从句则没有这样的要求24Dry dishes擦干碟子. Wash the dishes洗碟子25. be popular with 受到.欢迎26.plenty of = lots of = a lot of 27. not
5、 yet还没有28.what do you think of = what do you think about = how do you find = what do you like about = how do you like 29. borrow .from.及lend.to.相反30.过去进行时由was / were + 动词的ing形式构成31. all kinds of = different kinds of 各种各样， a kind of 一种， what kind of什么种类的.，这些短语中的kind可以用type来代替32.look like看起来像， feel li
6、ke doing sth很想做某事33. go on a boat trip进行一次乘船旅行34.the ticket for 去的票35. at the hotel 在旅馆36. forget / remember to do sth 及forget / remember doing sth 的区别37. look for “寻找” 强调“找”这一动作或过程；Find “找到，发现”强调“找”的结果38.drive away开车逃走39. in hospital 住院. In the hospital 在医院里40. noodle及vegetable是可数名词，均有复数形式41. eithe
7、r . also. Too. As well的区别42. get fat变胖，变肥43. since, for等引导的时间状语以及how long引导的特殊疑问句，谓语动词要用延续性动词44. a symbol of 的一种象征45. move into搬到.里46. few . a few . little . a little的区别及运用47. 四个以ly结尾的形容词48. practise doing sth49. whats the matter with = whats the trouble with = whats wrong with = whats up with = wha
8、ts on with. .怎么了?50. hurt 的过去式、过去分词及原形相同51. on business出差52. ill只能做表语，sick既可以做表语也可以做定语，ill的名词是illness, sick的名词形是sickness53. together with及.一起54. teach sb sth不能说成teach ones sth; teach sb to do sth教某人做某事55. at the moment此时此刻56. have a meeting开会57. build builder. Building58. once . twice . times . 在表达“
9、次数”时的用法59.would like to do sth = would love to do sth 60.be back = come back回来61. be lost = get lost迷路62. have a letter from sb = receive a letter from sb = hear from sb受到某人的来信63. not much没太多的（事）64. be busy doing sth . be worth doing sth65. enjoy ones holiday欢度某人的假期 on ones holiday度某人的假66. interest
10、of places名胜古迹67. it takes sb st to do sth花费某人多少时间做某事二语法：现在完成时1. 定义：表示过去发生的某一动作或状态一直持续到现在，或者过去发生的某一动作或状态所产生的影响一直延续到现在。2. 构成： 现在完成时的谓语动词由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成3. 时间状语：for + 时间段. Since + 时间点 . so far . ever . never . just . yet . till / until . up to now . in past years . always . still 等4. 五种句型转换
11、：对助动词have / has 进行五种句型转换5. 注意事项：现在完成时的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词，但在表示时间段的现在完成时句子中，谓语动词必须是持续性动词，请记住以下短暂性动词变为延续性状态特殊形式：Arrive-be hereBorrow-keepBuy- haveCome back-be backDie-be deadJoin-be a member ofLeave-be awayPut on-wearGo to bed-be asleep. 凡是表示做某事做了多少次，要用现在完成时have / has been to 曾经去过某地Have / has gone
12、to已去某地了Already. Yet 及still的区别：Already意为“已经”一般放在句中的系动词、助动词、情态动词的后面，行为动词的前面Yet意为“仍然、还”常放在疑问句或否定句的后面 still意为“仍然、还”常放在句中的系动词、助动词、情态动词的后面，行为动词的前面Since +时间点 = for + 时间段，如：since two years ago= for two years. 要学好现在完成时，需要牢记不规则动词的过去时与过去分词表Just. Before可用于完成时中，而just now与ago只能用在过去时中三.写作要求：请以how to protect water
13、resources为题写一篇作文，作文可以从两个方面来写： 1.我们为什么要保护水资源？（众所周知，水对人类很重要，没有水就没有生命。现在工厂越来越多，有些工厂把废水倒进河流、湖泊或海里，造成大量的淡水受到污染，鱼儿死亡，人类可用的淡水越来越少。由于大量砍伐树木与森林，使得天气干旱，水资源减少） 2.我们如何保护水资源：（阻止工厂把废水倒进河流、湖泊与海里。阻止人们把垃圾扔到河里，各种垃圾会污染水资源。禁止人们大量砍伐树木与森林，以保护水资源。我们要告诉人们水的重要性。每一个人都应节约每一滴水，不要浪费一滴水，从我做起、从现在做起、从每一天做起。） 3.结语：让我们一起努力，保护好我们的水资源
14、，因为我们不希望地球上的最后一滴水是我们人类的眼泪。Module 5-7一：地毯搜索1. A frog in a little well井底之蛙2. discuss = talk about讨论，谈论3. name列举，说出.的名字4. each other = one another5. think of = think about想起，考虑6. walk by从.旁边走过7. call out大声喊8. such 及so 的区别：such是形容词，其修饰的对象是名词，如Thats such a beautiful flower; 而so是程度副词，其修饰的对象是形容词或副词, 如：The
15、flower is so beautiful. 在such.that与sothat这两个句型中也要遵循相同的原则。9. jump out of从.跳出来10. make a list列一个单（表）11. never mind没关系，不用担心12. enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事； Enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun doing sth过的痛快、玩的愉快13. watch sb do sth. Watch sb doing sth14. be afraid of sth = be frightened of. Be afraid to do
16、sth = be frightened to do sth15. inside the well = in the well16. 四个“也”与四个“其他”17. try to do sth设法做某事，努力做某事； try doing sth 试着做某事18. dry的名词形式是drought19. for a while一会儿； after a while一会儿以后20. 牢记feel . sound . look . smell . taste . turn . get . become . keep等是系动词，后面常常用形容词来做表语。21. much . a little . even
17、 . far这几个词后面的形容词或副词常常用比较级22. I cant believe it“我不能相信，我难以置信”在语气上相当于really23. run after = chase . keep.away = chase .away24. see the end of看到.的尽头25. 一定要掌握好把动词变为形容词的两种方式，也就是在动词后面加ing形式或ed形式两种，特别要注意它们各自的用法26. show .around = take.around带.四处参观27. between.and.28. need to do sth . need do sth . need doing s
18、th29. silly = foolish = stupid笨的，愚蠢的30. by直到.时候31. study hard = work hard . work hard on32. on a farm在农场上33. sound like fun听起来好像有趣34. not only.but alsoeither.or.neither.nor.there be + 主语 + 其它注意: 在初中阶段，以上这四个结构要遵循谓语动词及主语就近一致原则，而both.and的谓语动词要及全部并列项在数上保持一致35. health . healthy . healthily36. next time下一
19、次37. go shopping = do some shopping购物. Go to college上大学38. be interested in (doing sth)39. instead instead of40. quite及不定冠词a或an连用时，要把不定冠词a或an放在quite的后面，如quite a good book41. 形容词与副词的用法：形容词原则上是修饰名词或代词的，这一点决定了形容词只能用来放在名词的前面做定语或放在系动词的后面做表语，如：a good student ; the flowers are beautiful 副词原则上是修饰形容词、副词或动词的，
20、但是副词在修饰形容词或副词时，副词要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的前面，如：very good, very slowly等；修饰动词时要放在被修饰的动词的后面，如：run quickly; 还有一些频度副词、方式副词等常放在句中的系动词、助动词、情态动词的后面行为动词的前面。如：I often go to school at 6:30 . He is also doing his homework 一般情况下，形容词变成副词是在形容词的后面加上ly, 但是在初中阶段fast, hard, enough, early, late,straight,high,far这些单词的形容词与副词是一样的，不能
21、再加ly来变成副词。42. in bed 睡在床上43. go away = leave “离开” 它们的状态词是be away44. feel well “感觉舒服，健康” 相当于feel fine45. take an umbrella46. go to bed的状态性动词是be asleep47. clean teeth刷牙48. tidy the room = clean the room49. so表示肯定相同及肯定强调的结构与neither表示否定相同或否定强调的结构50. be angry with / at sb . be angry with / about sth51. h
22、ave a power cut = the electricity goes off断电，停电52. have a shower洗澡，冲凉53. light a candle点蜡烛54. hold sth in ones hand在某人的手里拿着某物55. electricity bill电费单56. little的比较级是less, 最高级是least57. way的后面常常接带to的动词不定式或介词短语来做定语58. save money省钱，节约钱； make money 挣钱59. fried rice炒饭， fried food油炸食品60. takeaway . put.away
23、. run.away . keep.away . go away . giveaway61. on top of = at the top of62. 并列连词有and . so . but . or 等，它们的作用是把两个或两个以上的简单句并列起来，从而起到说明句子及句子之间的并列、因果、转折、选择等关系，被并列连词并列起来的各个句子在时态上必须保持一致性与结构上的对等性。63. when及while的区别：when既可以表示时间点也可以表示时间段，其引导的状语从句谓语动词即可以是短暂性动词也可以是延续性动词，主句及从句的动作既可以是同时发生也可以是先后发生。While只能表示时间段，引导的
24、从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，主句与从句的动作一般是同时发生且常用进行时态。二：过去进行时定义：表示在过去某一特定的时间里正在进行的动作或发生的状态。构成：过去进行时由“was / were + 动词的ing形式”构成。运用：它既可以指过去某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，如when引导的主从句；也可以指在过去的某一特定的时间里，两个动作同时正在进行或发生，特别是while引导的主从句。时间: 及过去进行时连用的时间状语常有at that time, at the moment, at this time + 过去时间， at + 点钟 + 过去时间等。 当我们把always用在进行时态（包括现
25、在进行时与过去进行时）中时，它常常起到一种表达赞美或厌恶的情感作用。五种句型转换要过关三：写作要求，请以how to save water为题写一篇作文，要求：第一段：为什么要节约用水？（众所周知，水对人类很重要，没有水就没有生命。现在工厂越来越多，有些工厂把废水倒进河流、湖泊或海里，造成大量的淡水受到污染，鱼儿死亡。由于大量砍伐树木与森林，使得天气干旱，水资源减少） 第二段：怎样节约用水？（要珍惜每一滴水，不要浪费水，我们每一天要控制或减少用水，当我们不用水时要记得关水，不要用水来玩耍。不要把废水或垃圾放到河流、湖泊或大海里，造成大量的淡水污染。要学会再利用水。决不要超需用水等） 第三段：结
26、语Module 8-9一：地毯搜索1.a couple of = a few = several = some一些、约干、几个fat低脂肪的. Meatfree无肉的3.fish and chips炸鱼配薯条4.takeaway food. Fast food. Fried food5. unhealthy = not healthy6.tasty=delicious7.high (low) in fat脂肪含量高（低）的 high (low) fat food高（低）脂肪食物8.middle是名词，它的形容词是medium,意为“中等的”9.think about = think of10.
27、if = whether是否“其他”与四个以ly结尾的形容词13.once again再一次14. what kind of = which kind of15. such as例如，表示列举； for example例如，表示举例说明16Total amount总量17. serve“招待、提供、供应”其名词为service18. east. South. West. North这几个方向意义的名词变成形容词时在后面加ern；如：eastern. Southern. Western. Northern. 19.face脸，面对20.make sure=be sure21.book=order
28、预订22.wish（hope）for sthWish (hope) to do sthWish sb to do sthWish sb sthWish+(that)+虚拟语气的从句；hope +(that)+一般性从句23.welcome to欢迎到24. awful极讨厌的，可恶的25. be good at be good to . be good for26. in colour在颜色方面27. cant wait to do sth迫不及待做某事28. thanks for doing sth=thank you for doing sth29. ask about询问关于.30. a
29、t breakfast(lunch. Supper. dinner)在早餐（午餐、晚餐、晚宴）时；lunch break午休31. 五个以or结尾的职业名词：visitor. Sailor. Inventor. Actor. editor 五个以ist结尾的职业名词：artist. Scientist. Pianist(钢琴家). Chemist(化学家). Physicist(物理学家)32. an hour. An honest boy33. a lot = very much非常34. certainly=sure=of course当然35. Its time for sb to do
30、 sth对某人来说该是做某事的时候了36. wonder whether(if)不知道是否.37. know about=learn about知道、了解38. be from=come from39. tell about告诉关于40. neighbouring country邻国41. show sb sth=show sth to sb拿（出示）某物给某人看show sb around=take sb around带某人四处参观on show=on display展览、展出42. 在介词的后面、动词不定式前面或表示选择时我们只能用whether不能用if43. 由if或unless引导的
31、条件状语从句; when. After . before . until . as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，如果主句用将来时，从句就用一般现在时，反之、如果从句用一般现在时，主句就用一般将来时44. with chopsticks用筷条45. sick与ill的区别46. well done干得好、做得好47. write to sb写给某人. Wait for sb等待某人48. life. Wife. Knife. Leaf这几个词的复数形式49. start(begin) to do sth= start(begin) doing sth50. revise for a te
32、st=study for a test复习考试51. go back to=return to回到.52. a group of一群，一组53. like做动词用与做介词用时在意思与用法上的区别54. “Its + 形容词 + of sb +to do sth ”与“Its + 形容词 + for sb +to do sth”这两个结构中关于介词of与for的区别：当句中的形容词是用来形容人的时候，我们用介词of ; 当句中的形容词是用来形容动词不定式的时候，我们就用介词for. 如：Its very nice of you to help me so much该句中的形容词nice是用来形容
33、人you的。Its very important for us to learn to protect ourselves该句中的形容词important是用来形容动词不定式to learn to protect ourselves的；同时，以上两个结构中的it都是形式主语，当it充当形式主语的时候，它代替的就是后面正真的主语动词不定式。所以，当我们得知it是形式主语的时候，后面的非谓语动词我们就要用动词不定式。55. 除了why以外，其它所有特殊疑问词后面的直接动词都要用动词不定式。56. 再次复习so表示肯定相同及肯定强调的结构与neither表示否定相同或否定强调的结构二、写作要求：以m
34、y dream为题写一篇作文，参考内容有我小时候的梦想。我现在的梦想。怎样实现我的梦想。Module 10-12一：地毯搜索1. see a doctor看医生、看病2. feel well=feel fine “感觉（身体）好”，要知道feel是系动词，其后面常常用形容词来做表语，当well用来形容身体好时它才是形容词，否则它只能是副词，用来修饰形容词、副词或动词，此外，我们除了知道be是系动词还不够，还必须知道get . turn . feel . look . smell . become . taste . sound等也是系动词，它们的后面也常常接形容词做表语。3. stay in
35、bed睡懒觉、懒床、卧床不起4. whats the matter with=whats the trouble with=whats wrong with=whats up with=whats on with. .怎么了？5. have a fever发烧 . have a cold感冒. Take medicine服药6. in pain疼痛7. a little及a few; little及few的区别8. have a stomachache(headache. Earache. Toothache. cough)9. make sb feel better使某人感到更舒服，make
36、 是使役动词，其后的动词要用原形10. take ones temperature量某人的体温11. feel like doing sth很想做某事12. three times a day每天三次13. in and out里里外外14. look out of 15. not .at all根本不、一点也不16. provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth17. in remote areas在偏远地区18. It takes sb st to do sth19. sick及ill 的区别20. fly sb to sw用飞机把某人送到某地21. on
37、a radio(telephone)通过收音机（ ）22. between.and.23. take.to. come back24. want(ask. . tell) sb to do sth25. fall over绊倒、摔倒. Fall off从摔下来. Fall asleep入睡26. telephone = phone = ring.up = call = make a telephone call打 27. sth happen to sb某人发生某事28. stay healthy=keep healthy29. natural disaster自然灾害. Natural so
38、urrounding自然环境30. the Red Cross红十字协会31. be about to do sth = be going to do sth32. South Africa南非33. look forward to doing sth34. find out35. used to do sth过去常常做某事be used to doing sth习惯做某事be used to do sth被用来做某事be used for sth被用于某事36. law . lawy . lawyer37. same的前面要用定冠词the 38. send sb to prison把某人送进
39、监狱. In prison坐牢39. until=till=to直到40. all over the world = around the world = throughout the world = across the world 世界各地41. look after = take care of42. spend.on sth. Spend(in) doing sth43. have a hard life过上艰难的生活44. be famous for = be well known for45. close to = next to = near46. there be .doing
40、 sth及there be to do sth 的区别47. all kinds of = different kinds of48. lie on the beach49. finish doing sth50. plenty of = a lot of = lots of51. make ones bed52. water the plants给植物浇水53. do the long （high）jump54. be careful = look out = take care55. a drink of water一杯水56. please. Pleasure. Pleasant. Pl
41、eased57. invite sb to do sth58. miss doing sth错过做某事. Mind doing sth介意做某事59. stop doing sth 及stop to do sth60. 形容词修饰不定代词要把形容词放在不定式的后面61. play for为（替）.打球62. be different to = be different from及不同63. “on + 团体或组织名称”表示作为某一团体或组织里的一员64. westerner西方人65. set up建立，创立66. information about关于.的信息（资料）67. tired及ti
42、ring68. the Olympic Games奥运会. Start in greece起源于西腊69. more than = over多于、不止70. in those days在过去，在那些日子里71. every four years每隔四年、每四年72. include doing sth包括做某事73. “so + 形容词或副词 + that引导的结果状语从句”与“such + （a / an + 形容词） + 名词 + that引导的结果状语从句”要注意在这两个结构中so修饰的对象是形容词或副词，such修饰的对象是名词74. travel a long way to 长途跋涉
43、到.75. return home=go back home 76. hope to do sth77. at first起初78. set a new record打破新记录，刷新记录79. knock on敲.80. go off (电源等)停电、离去81. silly = foolish = stupid82. in a hurry = hurry up83. “have a pain in the + 身体部位”表示在身体的某个部位疼痛84. book = order预订85. go to the cinema = go to see a film二、写作要求：写一篇发言稿，回顾你三年的初中生活、学习与收获，感恩你的教师、父母或同学并向他们致以最美好的祝愿第 22 页