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1、-【三维设计】2017届高三英语(北师大版)一轮复习 循序写作(每周一卷,步步登高)-第 80 页第一步从写对句子开始(用时3周)写作中写对句子是最基本的要求，其中最重要的一点是句子结构要完整。所以，同学们在平时训练时一定要从掌握最基本的句子成分和基本句式做起，通过观摩、背诵、仿写，最终写出准确无误的句子。在高考中即使你的作文不能写得漂漂亮亮、洋气十足，也一定要写得像模像样，硬伤不多！所以学写作，要先从最基本的句子抓起。第一周各司其职的8大句子成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。 一、主语句子的主体主语是句子的
2、主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。The most obvious problem in our class is lack of interaction and teamwork.(2015广东高考读写任务)我们班最明显的问题是缺少互动和协作。(名词短语作主语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1有时放弃一些东西可能意味着得到的更多。(动名词短语作主语)Sometimes giving_up_a_little can mean get
3、ting more.(2015浙江高考书面表达) 2如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。(不定式短语作主语)How_to_get_along_well_with_others is the second thing you should learn.(2014江西高考满分作文)3我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。(从句作主语)What_I_am_going_to_tell_you is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.(2015天津高考满分作文)二、谓语主语的行为谓语用来描述主语的
4、行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词实义动词”可以作谓语。Half an hour later, I managed to find the right answer.(2015湖北高考短文写作)半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。(实义动词作谓语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1我认为今天的孩子应当学着尊敬长辈。(“情态动词定义动词”作谓语)I think todays children should_learn to respect their elder
5、s.2手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)The watch is_necessary in our daily life, but its function is_too_simple_and_dull.(2014湖南高考满分作文) 三、宾语动作的对象宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等。I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.(2015浙江高考书面表达)我设法说服我的同学们接受我的想法。(不定式作宾语
6、)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1我真的希望你能给我一些如何学习英语的好的建议。(从句作宾语)I really hope that_you_can_give_me_some_good_advice on how to study English.(2015四川高考书面表达)2他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语)Suddenly he thought of seeing_the_beautiful_views_of_the_city_again before setting out.四、表语主语的特征表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、
7、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.(2015湖北高考短文写作)尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)Several minutes passed but the whole class was in_complete_silence.(2015湖南高考书面表达)五、定语
8、名词的修饰语定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.(2015安徽高考书面表达)最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。(从句作定语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子彼此坦诚相待是交友的最好方法。(不定式短语作定语)Being honest with each other
9、 is the best way to_make_friends.六、状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格结构和从句等。Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(2014全国卷满分作文)时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过，这样我们就会有更加良好的关系。 (独立
10、主格结构和从句作状语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(形容词作状语)After a weeks trip, he returned home, tired_but_very_happy.2为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不定式短语作状语)In_order_to_solve_this_problem,_my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.(2014
11、北京高考满分作文)七、补足语宾语或主语的补充说明补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。Hopefully, these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.(2015天津高考书面表达)这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。(不定式短语作宾补)Our country will be made more and more beautiful
12、if we try our best.如果我们竭尽全力，我们的国家将会变得越来越美丽。(形容词作主补)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式作宾补)Popular science books can help us students to_become_more_interested_in_ science_and_nature.(2014浙江高考满分作文) 八、同位语同等重要的修饰语对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。We
13、 are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.(2015全国卷满分作文)我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。(名词作同位语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好；另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。(从句作同位语)On the one hand, I have strong belief that_I_will_d
14、o_well_in_the_exam;_on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though its not difficult.(2014四川高考书面表达) 综合演练提能.分析句子成分1. 状语主语谓语宾语状语2. 状语主语谓语宾语3. 主语谓语宾语宾补状语4. 主语定语谓语(系动词表语)5. 状语主语谓语主补6. 主语谓语同位语.按要求完成小作文(2016东北三校高三联考)Good morning, everyone！Its my honor to_be_here_to_make_a_short_speech (在这里作一个简短的报告，用不定式短语
15、作真正主语和状语)Recently I have found that_some_of_our_classmates_cant_study_effectively (我们一些同学不能有效地学习，用宾语从句)Some cant help falling asleep in class, because_they_often_study_too_late_into_the_night (因为他们经常学习到深夜，用状语从句). Others seldom have sports, which_surely_does_harm_to_their_health (这确实对他们的健康有害，用定语从句)As
16、 we know, enough sleep is of_great_importance(非常重要，用介词短语作表语) for us Senior 3 students. We can concentrate our mind in class with sufficient sleep, so we should try to make wise use of our time, making_a_balance_between_work_and_leisure (在学习和休息上取得平衡，用现在分词作状语). Besides, doing_proper_exercise_every_day
17、 (每天适当地锻炼，用动名词作主语) can benefit us a lot, keeping fit, reducing stress and so on. Lets spare some time to_do_all_kinds_of_sports (做各种运动，用不定式短语作状语). And only in this way can we keep a good mood and study well. Thats all. Thank you for listening!第二周万变不离其宗的5种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都
18、是由这五种基本句式演变而来。五种基本句式如下：一、主语谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。This_camp will open on July 20th. (2015北京高考书面表达)训练营将于7月20号开始。Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.(2013江西高考书面表达)沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。即时演练完成句子1为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。In order to keep fit,
19、we_should_exercise_regularly.2因此，这种新鞋最近才问世。Therefore, this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_come_into_being recently.(2014湖南高考书面表达)3这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly.二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能
20、表达完整的意思。I appreciated my maths teachers praise and encouragement very much.(2015湖南高考书面表达)我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift.(2014重庆高考写作)十二岁时，我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。点津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词或及物动词短语。As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.(2015陕西高考书面表达)作为一
21、名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。即时演练完成句子1最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。Finally, we_should_take_part_in_sports_and_outdoor_activities frequently.(2014江西高考书面表达)2最近几年，我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。Over the years, we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other.三、主语系动词表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语
22、、不定式及分词等。The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015全国卷书面表达)我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。Such_a_positive_attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.(2014安徽高考书面表达)这种对生活的积极态度有助于振奋你的情绪。即时演练完成句子1在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。In my opinion, a person without
23、friends can_never_be_happy.(2014山东高考写作)2总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。In a word, my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful.(2014全国卷书面表达)3总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。In conclusion, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life.四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，
24、直接宾语在后面。First he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.(2015北京高考书面表达)首先他向我们展示了做面人的基本步骤和技能。At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.(2013福建高考满分作文)同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。即时演练完成句子1格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。 Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn Engli
25、sh well.2幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview. 五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(2014辽宁高考书面表达)你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。Obviously, a
26、_good_learning_habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(2013四川高考满分作文)显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。即时演练完成句子1作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.2从古代起，人们就把早起视为好习惯。People have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancien
27、t times.综合演练提能.判断下列句子所属的类型1In other words, we are the master of our own future.主语系动词表语2This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语3A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.主语谓语(不及物动词)4Should we sacrifice our childrens fut
28、ure for our own interests?主语谓语(及物动词)宾语5Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语.按要求完成句子1现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语系动词表语)Nowadays afterclass activities are_becoming_more_and_more_popular in high schools.2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语)We havent decided when_to_discuss
29、_the_problem_again.3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny told_me_a_very_interesting_story last night.4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we hear him read_English_aloud.5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.6最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)Great_changes_
30、have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.7你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find English_a_bridge to so much knowledge.8我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语谓语宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语)I really appreciate_your_coming_over to help me with my math.按要求完成下列题目 ()用简单句翻译下列各句，并标出所属的基本句式1你已经让我了解了你们美丽的城市。Youve_let_me_k
31、now_about_your_beautiful_city.(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)2. 我将要告诉你有关我的家乡江城的一些事情。Ill_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng.(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)3这座城市位于长江沿岸。The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River.(主语谓语)4它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。It_is_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in.(主语系动词表语)5近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。Its_economy_
32、has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years.(主语谓语)6像污染一样的新问题正变得越来越严重。_New_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious.(主语系动词表语)7江城应该科学地发展经济。Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically._(主语谓语宾语)8这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。The_development_should_make_its_people_happier_and_happi
33、er.(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)()适当添加细节用6个简单句将()中的句子合并成一篇短文Youve_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city._Now_Ill_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng._The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River,_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in._Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years._
34、However,_new_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious._Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically_so_as_to_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.第三周考场作文常见的3类错误及防范措施一、考场作文常见的3类错误考场作文常见的错误主要分为三类：词汇类错误、语法类错误和汉语式英语。(一)词汇类错误考试时，我们很容易出现单词拼写错误和词形变化错误；而词性不清和词汇用法方面的错误主要还是受汉语的影响。
35、其应对措施是在备考时要多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形变化的单词，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不能想当然地改动。1单词拼写错误误：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students.正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students.2词形变化错误误：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water.正：People threw cans,
36、 paper, bags and so on into the river water.3词性不清错误误：Doing a parttime job always effects study.正：Doing a parttime job always affects study.4词汇用法错误误：He opened the light after he entered the room.正：He turned on the light after he entered the room.5擅自改动习语误：We lost the game, but we didnt lose our heart.
37、正：We lost the game, but we didnt lose heart.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1We must try our best to prevent the enviroment from being polluted.enviromentenvironment2There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with writen English.writenwritten3During my summer vacation, I spent half a month in the
38、 country and played very happy.happyhappily4We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English.noticepay_attention_to5Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.in_the_front_ofin_front_of_(二)语法类错误一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构思也难以正确地表达，语法错误的多少会直接影响作文的档
39、次。英语写作中语法类错误主要表现在：时态、语态错误、非谓语动词使用错误、主谓一致错误、比较级使用错误、多余的词以及平行错误等。1时态、语态错误误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.2非谓语动词
40、使用错误误：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution.正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution.3主谓一致错误误：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on.正：My hobby is widespread, which includes dr
41、awing, collecting stamps and so on.4比较级使用错误误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller.正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller.5多余的词误：On one day, he went to the cinema.正：One day, he went to the cine
42、ma.6平行错误误：Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer.正：Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1In the morning, we had bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.去掉had2Not only Tom but also I are tired of one exami
43、nation after another.areammoremuch或去掉more_4There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.happenedhappening5More and more people entered into the hall, so it became crowded.去掉into(三)汉语式英语一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括：纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序、句子成分残缺、句子粘连以及搭配不当
44、等。1纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序误：At this school studying, I really very happy.正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy.2句子成分残缺误：There are many students dont support the project.正：There are many students who dont support the project.3句子粘连误：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun.
45、正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun.4搭配不当误：We walked a far way before planting trees.正：We walked a long way before planting trees.误：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great pr
46、ogress in my English.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1We are impossible to finish the work in such a short time.We_are_impossibleIt_is_impossible_for_us2Its known that the cost in big cities is very expensive.expensivehigh3He has greatly improved his spoken English by this way.byin或waymeans4I havent heard from your letter for a long time and I miss you very much.your_letteryou5He has three sons, all of them work in Beijing.在逗号后加and或themwhom二、防范出现错误的2个措施写对句子是作文得高分的关键和保证，