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1、1创新设计创新设计No.2No.1第一讲名词和数词第一讲名词和数词专题二需要专题二需要“变形变形”的名词、数词、的名词、数词、形容词和副词形容词和副词 2创新设计创新设计No.2No.1思维导图名词3创新设计创新设计No.2No.1一、名词的分类普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人或物的名词集体名词表示若干个人或物的名词不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词抽象名词表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等抽象概念的名词专有名词表示洲、国、地、人名等表示团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代等的名称4创新设计创新设计No.2No.1二、名词的数1.规则名词的复数变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接
2、加-smouthmouthshousehouses以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglassglasses matchmatches以辅音字母-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escountrycountries factoryfactories以元音字母-y结尾的名词在词尾直接-sholidayholidays monkeymonkeys5创新设计创新设计No.2No.1以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spianopianos photophotos有些在词尾加-esheroheroes potatopotatoes以f，fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v-esselfselves
3、 wolfwolves少数直接加-sroofroofs beliefbeliefs6创新设计创新设计No.2No.12.不规则名词的复数变化规则例词单复数同形deer，sheep，means，series，Chinese，Swiss，aircraft，spacecraft，species变内部元音footfeet，toothteeth, manmen，womanwomen外来名词mediummedia媒体phenomenonphenomena现象analysisanalyses分析7创新设计创新设计No.2No.13.合成名词的复数(1)若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个
4、词变成复数。passer-bypassers-by，sister-in-lawsisters-in-law，grown-upgrown-ups(2)“man/womann.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数：women engineers。8创新设计创新设计No.2No.1三、不可数名词1.常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk，music，homework，housework，weather，news，butter，information，bread，advice，progr
5、ess，orange(橙汁)，equipment，meat，fun，luggage，luck，work(工作)，traffic，furniture，wealth，word(消息)，room(空间)，man(人类)等。名师指津 word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。9创新设计创新设计No.2No.12.抽象名词的具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：抽象名词(不可数)具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功
6、a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honour赢得荣誉an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)failure失败a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)by experience靠经验an experience一次经历with pleasure乐意a pleasure一件乐事10创新设计创新设计No.2No.1四、名词作定语1.通常用单数名词作定语cotton goods 棉织品history teacher 历史老师paper factory 纸厂 telephone number 电话号码test paper 考卷 weather forecast 天气预报11创新
7、设计创新设计No.2No.12.有时用复数名词作定语(1)man，woman用于名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。a woman writer/some women writers(女作家)名师指津 与man和woman不同，boy和girl用作定语时，总是用单数。如boy (girl) friends“男(女)朋友”。(2)有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式，或者用于某一意义时，习惯上要用复数形式，此时它们用作定语显然只能用复数。如goods train(货车)，customs officer(海关人员)，clothes line(晾衣绳)，sales plan(销
8、售计划)等。12创新设计创新设计No.2No.1五、名词所有格1.有生命名词的3种所有格情况构成示例不以s结尾的名词加-sMarys e-mail；childrens books以s结尾的复数名词加-the girls dormitory；the teachers reading-room以s结尾的单数名词加-s或-our boss office；Engelss works13创新设计创新设计No.2No.12.无生命名词的2种所有格(1)通常用of所有格表示The capital of Peru is Lima，which is in the north on the coast.秘鲁的首都
9、是利马，位于北部沿海地区。(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用-s所有格表示Beijings parks 北京的公园the factorys output 工厂的产量14创新设计创新设计No.2No.13.双重所有格双重所有格的构成形式为：名词of名词所有格/名词of名词性物主代词。He is a friend of my fathers.他是我父亲的一个朋友。名师指津 名词所有格作定语主要表示事物间的关系(如所属关系、主谓关系、动宾关系等)，而名词作定语则主要表示被修饰名词的特征、性别、用途、功能、内容等。15创新设计创新设计No.2No.1思维导图数词16创新设计创新
10、设计No.2No.1数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。一、基数词1.hundred、 thousand与million(1)名词性数词hundred、 thousand与million等前有数词或several时不能用复数形式，其后所跟的复数名词前不加of。(2)表不确切的数目应用hundreds/thousands/millions of复数名词。17创新设计创新设计No.2No.12.用以表示年龄时，逢十的基数词复数之前应加形容词性物主代词。in her forties在她四十多岁时二、序数词1.序数词前一般要加
11、上定冠词或形容词性物主代词等限定词。It was the/my first visit to Europe.那是我第一次去欧洲。2.分数的分母部分用序数词，分子为1时，分母用序数词的单数形式；分母为2及以上时，分母用序数词的复数形式。1/3one-third2/3two-thirds1Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease
12、 and early deaths from all _ (cause)(2018全国卷)2Making Chinese _(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018浙江高考)3This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side_(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing
13、 the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全国卷)4In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全国卷)5The nursery team swit
14、ches him every few_(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国卷)6Recent _(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国卷)causesdisheseffectscrowdsdaysstudies1. Last winter when I went there
15、 again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2018全国卷)2. When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night.(2018全国卷)3. After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.(2018全国卷)4. At that moment，I remembered that my father once said，“The classroom is a
16、 place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistake as well.”(2018全国卷)5. (2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”.单句改错chickensFridaysortsmistakeswords6Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.(2017全国卷)7If we go
17、 on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016全国卷)8The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全国卷)informationknowledgeyears.单句语法填空1. There are various types of tea that offer different health _(benefit) and flavours.(2019临沂模拟
18、)2. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.(2019长春模拟)benefitschanges3I suddenly regretted that we had no _(photo) from this vacation together.(2019贵阳模拟)4One spring afte
19、rnoon，we went to one of the grocery _ (store) nearby to buy some food for dinner.(2019佛山模拟)5Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique plants，animals and cultural heritage are the primary _(attraction)(2019太原模拟)6Dont try to make _(friend) with managers，but be respectful.(20
20、19大庆模拟)7He gained his wealth by printing _ (work) of famous writers.(2019衡阳模拟)8The British have many _ (tradition) but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.(2019衡水模拟)9Many of these had benefited from the governments special new policies encouraging people to start the
21、ir own _(business)(2019武邑中学二模)photosstoresattractionsfriendsworkstraditionsbusinesses10And it evaluates how well you combine your listening，reading，speaking and writing _ (skill)to perform academic tasks.(2019日照模拟)skills.单句改错1Some sellers were shouting at the top of their voice to attract peoples at
22、tentions.(2019忻州模拟)2To my great joys，Mary took good care of me.(2019枣庄模拟)3Why not come and join us if you want to know more informations about our future space school?(2019开封模拟)4It is well known that doing exercise can help people lose weights and have a healthy life.(2019贵州模拟) 5Sometimes failure ca
23、n make us lose hearts.(2019林芝模拟)attentionjoyinformationweightheart6They may be too young to tell right from wrong without the guidance of their parents.Some may take illegal activity.(2019太原模拟)7But my fathers dead changed me.My life became poorer，but my mother tried her best to give me what I wanted
24、 even though it was too difficult for her.(2019哈密模拟)8After we walked along the bank for forty minute，we reached the Happy Valley.(2019天一大联考)9It is necessary that one should eat various kind of healthy food such as fish，eggs，vegetables and fruits.(2019临夏模拟)10By the way，after the contest，I am to drop
25、in at your universities to visit you.(2019大庆模拟)activitiesdeathminuteskindsuniversity.语法填空(2019合肥模拟)What exactly is social media? Social media can be defined as webbased，mobile media that 1._ (use) to connect with each other. There are several types of social media.The first type involves people gett
26、ing together to work on a project.Wikipedia is 2._example of this type of social media.There are other types that allow people 3._ (share) content such as pictures and articles.Another type of social media is websites like Second Life，4._people can create objects，as if they 5._ (be) in the real worl
27、d.The final type is social networking sites that can make people stay in touch with 6._(friend) Social media is different from 7._(tradition) media.In the past，media was created in one place，8._ (normal) a company.Then the company would send out the media to consumers，like newspapers and magazines.B
28、ut 9._ social media，many individual people in different locations can create content.In addition，a few minutes are spent 10._ (write) a twitter post today while it would take many months to edit a magazine in the past.Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.But whatever you m
29、ight think，social media is here to stay.is usedanto sharewherewerefriendstraditionalnormallywithwriting Every year，my school hold summer camps.I love it very much，because I can have a lot fun with my friends.Whats more，I can take a break from study times.Last year，we went to a country farm and exper
30、ienced different life.I was so impressed by the clear river and fresh air here.We woke up early and then walked on the country road，what was extremely quiet.I am so close to nature and could appreciate its beauty.I felt peacefully in my heart.I am looking forward to the summer camp on this year.短文改错holdsoftimeatherewhichwaspeacefulthem26本节内容结束