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1、1 结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done (1).They pretended not to see us.(3). He pretended to be sleeping. (2).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生在发生
2、在它之后它之后.).)( (进行式表示在谓语动词发生时进行式表示在谓语动词发生时, ,不定式的动作正在进不定式的动作正在进行行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语6. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语3. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用不定式的作用不定式的作用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.(1). 主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,可以用可以用it作形式主作形式主语语.Its important to
3、 learn .I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.(2) 宾语宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. I found it necessary to talk to him again.My job to help the patient.Your task to cl
4、ean the classroom.isis(3). 表语表语The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补二看二看 watch see look at 三三使使 let make have 一一听听 listen to hear四注意四注意: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等notice五感觉五感觉: I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).
5、不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room
6、to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定语语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the f
7、irst to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有式后面仍须有相应的介词相应的介词。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no pla
8、ce to live. 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或
9、别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的动作执行者是已被省略的的me或或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with yo
10、u.关于小品词关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表等连用，在句中起名词作用，可
11、充当主语、表语、宾语等。语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么时我的问题是什么时候开始。候开始。( (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句
12、中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。 Why not have a rest?1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather
13、 + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式） （虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.B.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.C.h
14、aving been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.B.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I
15、 forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, m
16、ade8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.B.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time
17、.B.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?C.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I wo
18、uld rather starve to death than _ for food.B.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.C.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. t
19、o have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is ce
20、rtainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know
21、 _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
22、9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wor
23、k extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. be
24、ing taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to makeEx 2 on Page 6 rewriting: He was overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.
25、Peter was made to wait outside. He was heard to unlock the door and go out. The man was seen to shoot the woman on the street. The old lady was noticed to wipe her face with a handkerchief.Ex 1 Translation on Page 49 I forgot to ask you to go to the bank. It is very important to turn off the electri
26、city before you check the machine. I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief. Luckily, we dont have much more work to do. She was very pleased to have the opportunity to travel while she was young. She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is to get married and have
27、 a child.Using structures1. started pushing/ to push2. promised to go3. advise you to eat4. began shouting/to shout5. avoid falling 6. forget to call7. felt like throwing8. let them stay1. a. to tell b. spending2. a. putting b. to check3. a. talking b. to make c. to drink4. a. to get b. thinkingExercises 2 and 3 on P49