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1、-初中英语语法专项复习：英语各个时态和语态讲解及练习题初中英语有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。1、 一般现在时的用法（1） 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,rarely,never,every day(morning,Monday,week,.etc.),every there years,once a week(day,month,.etc.),.等时
2、间状语。例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.b. When I graduate, Ill go to countryside.2.一般过去时的用法（1） 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。常和: last week(night,Monday,month,year,.etc
3、.)four years ago(days,month,.etc.)before1980(three,liberation,从句,.etc.)the day before yesterday,the day before last,the year before last,just now,a monent ago,yesterday,yesterday morning,this morning,at first,at last,in the end,finally,then,.a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.b. He worked in a factory in
4、1986.2)表示过去经常发生的动作 ， 也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。a. I am used to the climate here.b. He is used tomming in winter.3.一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。常和：next week(M
5、onday,month,year,.etc.)in three days(an hour,.etc.)tomorrow,tomorrow morning,the day after tomorrow,the day after next,the year after next,tonight,in 2010(2016.etc.)this evening,this Saturday,after Wednesday,soon,sometime next week,one day in futuer,sooner or later,.1）be going to do 结构It is going to
6、 rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2) “be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。 We are about to leave.3) go , come , start, move, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing.4.现在进行时的用法1） 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“ be + 现在分词” 构成。常和：now,these days(weeks,mont
7、hs,.etc.)this month(week,.etc.)Look!,Listen!,.另外， “系动词 + 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.2） 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词（如have, be , here, se, like 等 ） 一般不用进行。5.过去进行时的用法1） 过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由 “ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。常和：this time yesterday,this time last Friday,in those d
8、ays,at nine last night,from one to three yesterday afternoon,.In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由 “have/has + 过去分词.其使用有两种情况：1） 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。常和：just,alreadly,yet,never,ever,now,before,this week,today,these days,once,
9、twice,three times,.He has gone to Fuzhou. He has been to Fuzhou.2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去常用 for 和since表示一段时间的状语或since then(1949,last Monday,two oclock,从句.,etc.)，ever since then,for three days(a long time,two hours,.etc.)so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。He has studied
10、 English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成时不能与for, since 等 表示一般时间的词连用。正确：I have bought the book already.错误：I have bought the book for two years.改： I have had the bookl for two years.7过去完成时的用法1） 过去完成时由“had + 过去分词
11、”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by then(1977,yesterday,eight last night,the time we got there,.etc.)by the end of last term(week,year,month,.etc.).by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the universi
12、ty.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由 “should 或 would + 动词原形” 构成。第一人称用should, 其他人称用would. 。常和：They were sure that they would succeed.（二） 动词语态1 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态
13、由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。1） 一般现在时：You are required to do this.2） 一般过去时：The story was told by her.3） 一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4） 现在进行时：The road is being widened. 5） 过去进行时：The new tool was being made.6） 现在完成时：The novel has been read.7） 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finish
14、ed.8） 过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.2. 一些特殊的被动结构1） 带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.2） 带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted.The homework needs to be done with care.3) 短语动词的被动：a.（不及物）动词+介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动
15、词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：book up, look down. 等b.（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等c. 动词+副词 +介词：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等d. 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay a
16、ttention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。The children need looking after.The windows wants /requires repair
17、ing.This point deserves mentioning.练习题1. It is a fine day. The sun _(shine) brightly.2. They _(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.3. Mr Brown_(live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr Wang _(teach) us English two years ago.5. The Smiths _( watch) TV at this time last night.6. We _(learn) abo
18、ut ten English songs by the end of last term.7. Father said that he _(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. Bill isnt here. He _(chat) with his friends in the classroom.9. The teacher said that the moon _(go) round the earth.10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _(not rain) this Sunday
19、.11. Listen! They _(talk) about the new film.12. Jim asked us what _(happen) in China in 1976.13. My mobile phone _(steal) on a bus last week.14. The host _(interview) the little boy just now.15. The Greens _(watch) TV now.16. He said that he _(ring) me up when he got there.17. We _(learn) English f
20、or about three years.18. My brother_(join) the League in 1997.19. The farmers _(pick) apples when I saw them.20. The red skirt _(cost) the girl forty yuan.21. The film _(begin) when I got to the cinema.22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _(grow) up.23. My sister is
21、 a student and she _(study) at a middle school nearby.24. Mr Green _(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25. You _(catch) the early bus if you get up early.26. _you been_(wear) glasses all the time?27. Ill go home as soon as I _(finish) my homework.29. Most science books are
22、_(write) in English.30. I _(stay) there for two months last year.31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _. A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here32. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? -I _ well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. havent slept D. wont sleep33. -Excu
23、se me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking? -Sorry, I _ that. A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. cant see34. -Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. -My watch! Thank you. Where _it? A. do you find B. had you found C. were you finding D. did you find35. -Don you kn
24、ow when Dr White _ for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come36. Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to37. -Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. -Really
25、? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go38. -Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing39. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was ha
26、ving D. have had40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract46. -Why didnt you go to the cinema yesterday? -Because I _ the film before. A. had seen B. have seen C. have watched D. has watched47. I dont think John saw m
27、e. He _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read48. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing49. Mr White _ the newspaper while his daughter _TV. A. has re
28、ad; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. reading; watched50. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? -I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt see51. The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. will hold C. will be held D. held52. Hurry up! The play _ for
29、 ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began53. -May I speak to Mr Smith? -Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesnt come back54. I cant go to the theater tonig
30、ht because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. had lost C. will lose D. was losing55. -What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it? -Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; having56. -Im sorry to have kept you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only for a few minutes. A. have come B. h
31、ad been C. was D. have been57. -_ my dictionary anywhere? - Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Did you see B. If you see C. Had you seen D. Would you see58. We were all surprised when he mad it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left答案：I. 1. shines/ i
32、s shining 2. are going to/ will visit 3. has lived 4. taught 5. were watching 6. had learned 7. would buy 8. is chatting 9. goes 10. doesnt rain 11. are talking 12. happened 13. was stolen 14. interviewed 15. are watching 16. would ring 17. have learned 18. joined 19. were picking 20. cost 21. had begun 22. grew 23. studies 24. has traveled 25. will catch 26. Have; wearing 27. finish 28. havent heard 29. written 30. stayedII. 31-35 BAADB 36-40 DBDCC 41-45 ACBAC 46-50 ACDCD 51-55 CABAC 56-60 DABDA 61-65 BDBAB 66-70 BDABC 71-75 BCADD -第 4 页-