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1、-book 2 unit1 非限定性定语从句-第 4 页 非限定性定语从句 Y一、 定义 根据定语从句与先行词之间的紧密程度，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。1. 限定性定语从句： 先行词和定语从句关系紧密，从句在意义上对先行词起修饰和限定作用，少了这个定语从句，整个句子的意义就不够明了，完整；定语从句前后没有逗号；关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略。Beijing is a city (that/ which) I always want to visit. 北京是我一直想去参观的地方。Clock is something that tell people time. 钟表是告诉
2、人们时间的东西。She is the girl (whom/who /that) I met in the street yesterday.她是我昨天在街上遇见的那个女孩。This is the place where he used to live. 这是他曾经居住过的地方。2. 非限定性定语从句：定语从句和先行词的关系不十分密切，从句只是对先行词或主句做些附加和补充性的说明，若去掉句子的意义仍然完整清晰；这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开；句中的关系词不可省略。Beijing, which is the capital of china, has a long history.北京历史悠久
3、，它是中国的首都。The man has a lovely daughter, whom he loves very much.那个人有一个可爱的女儿，他非常爱她。He failed in the exam, which surprised us. 他考试不及格，这使我们很吃惊。二、非限定性定语从句的注意事项：1.引导词 引导非限定性定语从句的引导词有：关系代词：which/who/ whom/ whose/ as ；关系副词：when / where 注： that / why 不能引导非限定性定语从句。2. 在非限定性定语从句中，当先行词是指事物时，只能用which，不能用that。The
4、 novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. (正)The novel, that I read last night, is very interesting. (误)The novel (that / which) I read last night is very interesting. (正)3. 在非限定性定语从句中，当先行词是指人时，若在从句中作主语，只能用who 引导，不能用whom/that引导；若在从句中作宾语，只能用whom 引导，不能用who/ that导。Mr. Zhang, who came to see
5、 me, is an old friend of mine. (正)Mr. Zhang, whom/that came to see me, is an old friend of mine. (误)The man who/that came to see me is an old friend of mine. (正)The man has a lovely daughter, whom he loves very much. (正)The man has a lovely daughter, who/that he loves very much. (误)The girl (whom/wh
6、o/that) he loves very much is his daughter. (正)4.which引导非限定性定语从句时，which 有时代指前面整个主句或主句中的部分内容。常译为“这使得，这一点”，相当于and this 或and that。 He failed in the exam, which surprised us.他考试不及格，这使得我们很吃惊。（which代指前面的整句话的内容）The novel is very interesting, which made me happy. 这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。（which代指前面的整句话的内容）He came to
7、 my birthday party, which I didnt expect at all.他来参加我的生日聚会，这一点我完全没有料到。（which代指前面的整句话的内容） (2009,山东) Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 我经常遇见她，每当我见到她，她总是微笑着跟我打招呼。（which代指前面主句中I met her 这部分内容）5why 不能引导非限定性定语从句，只能用for which引导。He told me the reason, for which h
8、e left there. (正)He told me the reason, why he left there. (误) He told me the reason why/ for which he left there. (正)6.在非限定性定语从句中，任何关系词均不可省略。二、 as 引导的非限定性定语从句1.as 也可引导的非限定性定语从句，代指整个主句内容。As 常译为：“正像/正如.一样”。常见于下列表达形式: as we all know大家都知道/as is well known to all 众所周知 as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样 as we
9、 expect 正如我们料想的那样/as (was) expected 正如预料的那样 as is reported 据报道 as is often the case 情况往往如此 as has been mentioned/pointed out 正如所提及/指出的那样 as has been said before / above 正如前文所述 as often happens 想往常一样 As we can see, oceans cover more than 70of the earth. 正如我们所看到的那样，海洋占地球的70还要多。 Tom doesnt finish his h
10、omework, as often happens. 汤姆没有完成作业，这种情况经常发生。As we all know/ As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun= The earth, as is known to all, travels around the sun= The earth travels around the sun, as is known to all.众所周知，地球围绕太阳公转。注意：as所引导非限定性定语从句位置较为灵活，可位于句前、句后，又可位于句中。2as 引导的非限定性定语从句与which 引导
11、非限定性定语从句的区分相同：二者的引导词都可代指整个主句的意思。不同：a.位置上，as 引导非限定性定语从句位置较为灵活，as可位于句前、句后，又可位于句中; which 引导非限定性定语从句中，which 不能位于句首，只能位于主句后。As is mentioned above, the number of students in our school is increasing. (正)Which is mentioned above, the number of students in our school is increasing. (误)The number of students
12、 in our school, as is mentioned above, is increasing. (正)The number of students in our school is increasing, as is mentioned above. (正)b.意义上，as 引导非限定性定语中，as 含有“正如、像”之意，表示说话人的态度、评论、看法等；which 引导非限定性定语从句中，which代指整个主句的意思时，常含有“这就使得、这一点”之意，表示事实、起因，状态等。 is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. Taiwan is p
13、art of China, is known to all. They usually take a walk after supper, does them a lot of good.Chinese team won the final, is reported.He drinks a lot every day, his wife doesnt like at all.三、 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句语法意义对被修饰的先行词有限定、制约作用，使该词的含义更明确具体完整，若省去，句意不完整、明了与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些补充说明，即使省
14、去句意仍完整。形式主从句间没有逗号主从句间有逗号隔开先行词为主句中某个单词或短语既可是某个单词和短语，也可是整个主句或主句中的部分内容关系词作宾语时，可省略均不能省略，不可用that /why；指事物时只可用which, 指人时用who(作主语)/whom（作宾语）；why 要用for which代替。译法一般要译成定语的形式，即“,的”。要译成汉语的并列分句的形式体会下面两句话的不同意义和译法The couple has a daughter who is studying at a university.这对夫妇有一个正在上大学的女儿。（说明他们不止有一个女儿）The couple has
15、 a daughter，who is studying at a university.这对夫妇有一个女儿，她正在上大学。（说明他们只有一个女儿）巩固练习：I.用恰当的关系词填空。1. Hangzhou is beautiful city, is often called the Heaven of the Earth.2. Yesterday I met an old friend, had a gift for music when he was young. 3. The man, I considered to be honest, lied to me.4. Ill see the
16、boss tomorrow; he will be back from New York.5. I often think of the village, I had a good time.6. I told them the reason, I didnt attend party. I told them the reason I didnt attend party. 7. He is talking about the great woman, films have been on in many times8. He got the first prize in the game, made his parents very happy. 9. is known to everybody, the first day of October is National Day of China.10. The earth travels round the sun once every year, is known to all. The earth is known to all, travels round the sun once every year.