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1、远辉教育七年级英语秋季班 第八讲 -名词、冠词、介词、代词及动词的语法授课人：Miss Yuan 学生： Tel:62379828一、 初一英语语法专项1 名词。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。1.可数名词 单数变复数法则规律例子1一般情况下在名词后面直接+s，s在浊辅音后面读z，在清辅音后面读s。bookbooks dogdogs daydays tree trees American- Americans2以s、x、ch、sh等结尾的单词+es,读izclass-_ watch-_box- _dish-_ 3以o结尾的词有生命的+es，读z。 口诀：黑人请英雄吃土豆、番茄和芒果；无生命的+s
2、，读z。有生命：negro-_hero-_；potato-_tomato-_mango-_ 无生命：photo-_ 4以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v+es，读iz。个别以f结尾的名词，直接加s，读s。wife-wives(妻子); knife-knives（小刀）; wolf-wolves（狼）; thief-thieves（小偷）; shelf-shelves (架子)；life-lives（生命、生活）;leaf-leaves（树叶）。 gulf-gulfs (海岸)；roof (屋顶); chief (首领)；serf (农奴); 5以y 结尾的，如果y前面是辅音，把y 改为i，再
3、加-es，读iz；如果y前面是元音，直接加s，读z。辅音加y：_ baby - babies 元音加y：_6有些名词有不规则的复数形式Am/is-_ man-men woman-_ tooth-teeth（牙齿） foot-_ mousemice 老鼠 childchildren 7有些名词的单复数形式相同sheep_sheep _ _Chinese_Chinese_ 【练一练】1.写出下列单词的复数形式。leaf_fly_fox_bus_ bench_dish_ruler_peach_glass_pencil_boy_man_roof_sheep_key_story_1. These are
4、 his _(parent).3. His father _(be) a teacher.4. My friends _(be) students.1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest. 2There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 3These_(tomato)are red. 4_(hero) are great. 5My brother looks after two_(baby) 6There are some _(deer) eating the grass. 7My father likes to e
5、at _(potato). 8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles . 9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom. 10I have two _(pencil-box). 2、不可数名词1). 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2). 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water （水） waters （水域）orange （橘汁） oranges （橘子）3). 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可
6、数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foods sport-sports4) 可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper, a glasses of water等。3.名词所有格1）单数名词后直接加 s ： Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈 2）以s结尾的复数名词，只加 Teachers Day教师节 the twinsbooks双胞胎的
7、书 3）表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加 s Lucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈) 4）表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加s Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）4.【诊断评价】1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3.
8、 There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread1. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day.A. T
9、eacher B. TeachersC. Teachers D. Teacher 2. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. ChildrensC. Childrens D. Childrenss 3. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctorsC. doctors D. doctor4. Where is Mr. Zhang?He is in the _ . A. teachers reading roomB. teachers reading roomC. tea
10、cher reading roomD. teachers reading room 5. This is _ ball. Its not _ . A. the boys, girlsB. the boys, the girlsC. the boy, the girlD. boys, girls 二、初一英语语法专项2 冠词1、分类冠词可分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。2、用法1）.不定冠词（a/an）不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前；而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：The little boy eats an apple,
11、 and the little girl eats a banana.（1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate.（2）第一次提到某人或某物。 This is an English-Chinese dictionary.（3） 在一些固定搭配中 a set of 你学会了吗？咱们来练习一下吧！1._bike is very useful in the countryside.2.There is _car in the yard.2）. 定冠词（the）放在名词前，表示特定的事物或人。（1） 第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠词the
12、Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine.（2） 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window?（3）放在序数词前。 Monday is the second day of the week.（4） 表示世上独一无二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun.（5） 演奏某项乐器时，乐器前需加the。如： play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin（6） 在一些固定搭配中。如：in the mo
13、rning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 3）.零冠词用法(1)在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； It is very cold in winter in Beijing.(2）在一日三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football.（3）在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如： at school 在学校 go to bed睡觉 hand in hand 手拉手3.【诊断评价】 1. He often has _ egg and some
14、 milk for breakfast.A. / B. a C. the D. an2. -Whats the trouble with Lingling? -She doesnt go to_ school and stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a3. -Do you have _ dictionary? -No, but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a4. _ earth is roun
15、d.A. A B. An C. The D. /6. I hope you have _ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /8. There is _ orange and some pineapples in the basket.A. the B. / C. a D. an9. Lisa has _ hat. _ hat is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /
16、10. Im watching_ movie. It is about_ interesting love story.A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an三、初一英语语法专项3 介词。介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。1. In 1） Whats this in English?2） My sister and I are in the same school.3） Jack and Mary are in the same class.4） She is in No. 37 Middle
17、 School.5） I am in Class Seven, Grade Seven.6） Her mother is in England, but her father is in Chengdu, China.7） In the first picture/in the next picture8） My pencil is in the desk.2. At 在. 加电话号码或邮件地址1) Please call Jack/me/us at 123-45672) Please email Helen/me/him at yyhooo.3) My father is at home,
18、he isnt at school.3. Of 属于.1) Here is a nice photo of my family.2) There is a map of China.4. For 为了. 至于.1) Thanks/Thank you for your pencil.2) Ask our teacher for your computer games.3) For lunch, I like rice.5. On 在.之上1) Where is my bag? It is on the bed2) I only watch football games on TV.6. Unde
19、r 在.之下1) Where are my books? They are under the chair.7. With 和.一起，带有.1）I often play football with my friends.8. about 关于. 1) How about this apple？ 2) What about that apple? 3)Ask you about your sports collection.9.【诊断评价】（见附页）四、初一英语语法专项4代词。 代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。1 .人称代词: 人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。【说明】：人称代词在句
20、中可用作主语、宾语、表语。人称代词在动词、be动词之后常用宾格.Eg. Who is it? -Its me. Call him at 10085. 1._am Maggie.2._ is Lily. 3._ is Jack.4._are boys. 5._ are smart. 6. _ are students.7. _ is a desk. 8.This _ is a desk. 2 .物主代词： 【说明】：1）、形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。2）、名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面提及的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 my book=mine her
21、sister= hers3）、名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 He is a friend of Jacks.【练一练】( )1 .This is ruler .(北京西城区)A .myB .mineC .ID .me( )2 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of .(黑龙江)A .herB .hersC .theirD .theirs( )3 .Is this dictiona
22、ry or ? Its mine .(内蒙古)A .your ;hersB .yours ;herC .your ;herD .yours ;hers( )4 .Can I borrow pencil ? is broken .(河北)A .you ;MyB .your ;MeC .your ;MineD .your ;My( )5 .These are cups . are over there .(河南)A .our ;YoursB .yours ;MineC .his ;OurD .their ;Your( )6 . schoolbag is much better than .(山西)
23、A .Her ;meB .Hers ;myC .Hers ;mineD .Her ;mine( )7 .Kate has lost key . asks for help .(山西)A .her ,He ,IB .his ,He ,meC .his ,She ,ID .her ,She ,me( )8 .This isnt pen ,I think its .(湖南)A .my ;hersB .his ;herC .my ;yourD .mine ;his3. 指示代词: this that these those指示代词是表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有
24、this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主语、宾语、主语补语、介词宾语等。如：Thisisthewaytodoit.这事儿就该这样做。Ilikethisbetterthanthat.比起那个我更喜欢这个。Mypointisthis.我的观点就是如此。（ ）1._penisred._pencilisgreen.A.this,that B.These,Those C.That,Those D.This,That（ ）2.Is_apandaoverthere?A.this B.that C.those D.these（ ）3._twoboysareMr.Greenssons.A.T
25、his B.TheseC.That D.those（ ）4._twogirlsareMaryandLinda.A.This B.They C.That D.Those1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its )3. What day is _ today? _ is Thursday. (its)4. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )5. These new house
26、s are so nice. _ are very expensive.( them )4.疑问代词：what ？ Who?What color is the pen？ What is your name? Who is this boy?五、初一英语语法专项5 动词1.只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，其他人称用动词原形。 动词三单形式的变化规则：1)规则变化多数直接在动词词尾加-s. play plays like likes ask-asks work-works get-gets 以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch-watches
27、 wish-wishes do-does go-goes 以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies 以“元音字母加-y”结尾的动词，直接加-s : play-plays2).不规则变化：be- is have-has2. 动词的ing和 to do 形式 I like playing ping-pong but my brother likes to play basketball.Like 和love 一样，后面可以跟动词ing形式和不定式结构（to.）3.祈使句后面接动词原形。1）L
28、ets play tennis.2) Please call me.3) Dont run.4.【诊断评价】用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. He often _ (go) to the English corner.2. He _ (like) _ (speak) English at the English corner.3. Ann _ (have) many friends here in China.4. My parents _ (be) both office workers.5. Liu Ting doesnt _ (like) English at all. She seldo
29、m(很少) _ (speak) English there.6. Maria is a student. She _ (study) in a school in Beijing now.7. - _ Jane _live_ ( live) in England? 8. Michael _ ( not like) _ (eat ) some chicken.9. Kangkangs father _ (be not) a teacher.10. Lets _(go ) _ (shop). 11. Joe is my sister. She _(like) _ (play) basketball very much.13. Let me _ ( help) you _ _ (study) English.14. Lets _ _ (begin ) our class. 15. _ (not) watch TV.16. Please _ (bring) my bag here.数人称代词物主代词 人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称我第二人称你第三人称他她它复数第一人称我们第二人称你们第三人称他们(她们、它们)