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1、-英语作文开头万能公式开头万能公式1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很好办：编!原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can den
2、y that2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老
3、师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that u 结尾万能公式1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我
4、们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brf, on account of this, thus更多句型：Thus, it can be conclu
5、ded that, Therefore, we can find that2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢?更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be ta
6、ken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.u 写作的“七项基本原则”一、 长短句原则工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the int
7、ellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 主题句原则国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读
8、者一目了然，必会平安无事!特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficnt preparation, you can hardly eect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 一二三原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构
9、清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)5)to begin with, then, furthermore, fin
10、ally(强烈推荐)6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)8)most important of all, moreover, finally9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用
11、短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指
12、那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room所以多用实词，少用虚词
13、，文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjor music and he is fond of playing gu如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先
14、拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in lent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短语：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然
15、后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章
16、中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：When to go, Why he goes away5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday
17、is a frnd of mine.I dont enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!
18、Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be oained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to reali
19、ze our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀!原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest cont
20、inent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!u 文章主体段落三大杀手锏一、举实例思维短路，举实例!提出一个观点，举实例!提出一个方案，举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子!In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, li
21、ght, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take as an example, One example is, Another example is, for example二、做比较
22、方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的;世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语：相似的比较：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比较：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compar
23、ed with , 三、换言之没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you. In other s, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我们举过的例子：I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bea
24、r it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短语：in more difficult language, in simpler s, put it more simplyu 附英语写作中的各种常用句型表示原因的常用句型 1There are three reasons for this. 2The reasons for this are as follows. 3The reason for this is obvious. 4The reason for this is not far to
25、seek. 5The reason for this is that. 6 We have good reason to believe that. 表示好处的常用句型 1It has the following advantages. 2 It does us a lot of good. 3It benefits us quite a lot. 4It is beneficial to us. 5It is of great benefit to us 表示坏处的常用句型 1It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2 It does us mu
26、ch harm. 3It is harmful to us. 表示措施的常用句型 1 We should take some effective measures. 2 We should try our best to overcome （conquer ）the difficulties. 3 We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4 We should solve the problems that we are confronted （faced） with. 表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary
27、，difficult， convenient）possible for sb. to do sth. 2 We think it necessary to do sth. 3 It plays an important role in our life. 表示变化的常用句型 1 Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2 A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications. 3 The computer has brought about
28、 many changes in education. 表示比较的常用句型 1）Compared with A，B. 2) A and B has several points in common. 3) It is true that A . , but the chief fault B (obvious defects )are . 4) A and B differ in several ways. 5) The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 6） I prefer to read rather than watch
29、 TV. 7） There is a striking contrast between them 表示事实、现状的常用句型 1We cannot ignore the fact that. 2No one can deny the fact that. 3There is no denying the fact that. 4 This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5 However，thats not the case. 表示例举的常用句型 1) A good case in point is . 2) As an
30、 illustration, we may take . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example. 表示数量的常用句型 1 It has increased（decreased）from.to. 2 The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000. 3 The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of Ja
31、nuary. 表示看法的常用句型 1 People have(take, adopt, assume, )different attitudes towards sth. 2 People have different opinions on this problem. 3 People take different views of(on)the question. 4 Some people believe that.Others argue that. 表示结论的常用句型 1 In short, it can be said that . 2 It may be briefly summ
32、ed up as follows. 3 From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that . 部分常用套语 1 Its well known to us that . 2 As is known to us. 3 This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4 From the graph(table, chart)listed above, it can be seen that . 5 As a proverb says, “Where th
33、ere is a will, there is a way.表观点的句型1.In my opinion, we should believe him this time. 依我看，这次我们应该相信他。2. In my view, he will surely forgive you if you apologize. 我觉得,如果你道歉的话，他肯定会原谅你的。3. I suppose (that) the book will be helpful to you. 我觉得这本书对你会有帮助。4. I maintain that nothing can take the place of hard
34、 work. 我认为,没有什么能取代努力。5. As far as Im concerned, everyone should be given an equal opportunity. 在我看来，每个人都应该有公平的机会。6. As I see it, this is of great importance. 依我看来，这非常重要。7. From where I stand, what he just said was somewhat reasonable. 从我的立场来看，他刚才说的话有些道理。8. It seems to me that he doesnt know what he
35、is doing. 我觉得他好象不知道自己在干什么。9. From my point of view, health is the most valuable wealth. 在我看来，健康是最宝贵的财富。10.Its my feeling that attitude is more important than ability. 我觉得态度比能力更重要。下面是我们中学阶段已学过的表达不同功能的常见的主要高级句式例举： 1、祈使句 / 名词词组 + and / or +陈述句（祈使句 / 名词词组表示“条件”） Work hard, and youll succeed. Hurry up, o
36、r youll be late. A little more efforts, and you will make it. 2、it作形式主语的句型 It is well-known that China is a developing country It is no use talking to him again. 3、it作形式宾语的句型 We feel it exciting to work with you. I owe it to him that Ive achieved so much. 4、It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who表示“强调” It
37、is they that/who have gone to the Great Wall. It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I recognized him. 5、to / in order to/ so as to/ so that/ in order that表示“目的” Check your composition to/ so as to/in order to avoid mistakes. He worked hard in order that they can serve his country well. 6、
38、There be 句型及其扩展形式表示“存在” There lived an old man in that village. There stands a tower on the top of the mountain. 7、分词短语作状语 Hearing the news, he burst into tears. When asked where he came from, he didnt reply. 8、With 结构作状语或定语 He likes to sleep with the door open/closed. She came in, with tears in her
39、 eyes/tears in eyes. After a few minutes, a woman with a baby in her arms got on the bus. 9、who / whom / whose / which / that / when / where / why / as引导定语从句 He won the first place in the competition, which made him happy. I, who am your friend, will help you. As is known to us all, he is the best s
40、tudent in his class. 10、what / that / whether / when / where / who / why等引导的名词性从句 What we need is more time. That he couldnt come made us unhappy. Who will go makes no difference.1.并列关系 for one thing ,for another;（一则/首先,二则/其次）;firstly,secondly,thirdly(第一,第二,第三);first,second,third,at last首先,其次,再次,最后）
41、 2.时间顺序关系 before, after, then, afterwards（后来),at last, in the end, finally， next, in the meantime(同时)/ at the same time 3.因果关系 therefore(因此),so, thus（因此),as a result(结果) 4.转折关系 but, yet/and yet (但是), however, nevertheless(然而,不过) 5一般到个别关系 for example, for instance(例如) such as+ 名词/短语（例如） 6.递进关系 beside
42、s(此外), whats more(而且), and, what is/ was worse/ to make things worse(更糟糕的是) also, in fact =as a matter of fact 7概括关系 in short(总之),in a word（简而言之),all in all(总的来说,总而言之) 8.推断关系 or else(否则),otherwise(否则)=or, in that case(如果那样的话) 9.等同关系 namely(既,也就是),in other words, that is,=that is to say（也就是说）,I mean(
43、我是说) 10比较对比关系. on the contrary（相反）,instead of, on one hand, on the other hand（一方面,另一方面） 11.转换关系 by the way 12.让步关系 in any case（不管怎样，无论如何）,after all（毕竟）,anyhow（不管怎样）,in spite of(尽管) 总之，书面表达的较高境界一要“自然”，二要“新颖”，是“自然流露而不拘泥”的“自然”，是“非刻意求新而耳目一新”的“新”，唯一的方法就是注重平时的积累。如想表达“尽力”而仅用“do / try ones best”显然不够力量，如果还知道“do what / all / everything sb. can to do sth.”或 make good/great efforts to do sth./ make a good/great effort to do sth.是不是又算多一种表达手段？书面表达，要求在细节上动人，在内容上吸引人。可以用简单句表达的句子能否换用定语从句或强调句呢？能否试着用一些高级结构或高级词汇？ 而这一目标的达成，最终取决于考生对英语表达的知识、能力的了解、掌握和熟练程度。-第 9 页-