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1、-人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解(4)Unit 4 How do you get to school?【重要词汇概览】 subway/5sQbweI/n. 地铁，地下火车 train/treIn/ n. 火车 minute/5mInIt/n. 分钟 kilometer/5kIlE9mi:tE/ n. 公里，千米 quick/kwIk/ adj. 快的，迅速的half/hB:f/n. 一半，二分之一 past/pB:st/prep. 在时间上超过，在.之后，经过 stop/stCp/n. 车站 transportation/9trAnspC:5teIFEn/ n. 运送，运输 nort
2、h/nC:W/ n. 北部，北方 adj. 北部的，北方的 depend/dI5pend/v. 依靠，依赖 must/mQst,mEst/aux.v. 必须，一定要 bicycle/5baIsIkl/ n. 自行车 ill/Il/adj. 生病的，不健康得 worry/5wQrI/v. 担心，担忧，焦虑【重要词组概览】 grow up长大，成长 take sb. some time to do sth.花费某人某些时间去做某事 in common 共有，相同 leave for 离开去某地 travel abroad 去国外旅游 go down to延续至；走下去 most of大多数的 so
3、me of一些 take the subway乘坐地铁 how far多远 bus station汽车站 bus ride乘汽车之行 school bus校车 come back回来 take the train乘坐火车 take the bus乘坐公共汽车 get to school到校 by boat乘坐小船 walk to school步行去上学 from .to.从.到. half past six六点半 depend on依靠，依赖 be different from和.不同 have to不得不【语法知识聚焦】1. How long does it take ? How long
4、does it take you to get from home to school ? It takes about 25minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是固定句型，“花费某人多少时间去做某事”。take 在这里表示“花费时间”、“占用”、“需要”的意思。eg.It takes twenty - five minutes .占用25分钟。It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山
5、。It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。It will take three hours to finish the work.完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。动词take还有其他词义，常用的含义及用法如下：1) 拿；握住；抓住The mother took her child by the hand. 母亲拉着孩子的手。2) 取走，拿走Take this shopping home. 把买的东西拿回家。The foods here are all free - ta
6、ke any you like.这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。3) 乘，坐，搭（车、船）Shall we go by bus or take a cab?我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?to take a bus to work乘公共汽车上班4) 吃；喝；服用；吸入Take your medicine.把药服下。5) 进行；作；为to take a walk散步If you dont take / get more exercise youll get fat.你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。to take a look around在附近看看6) 测出，量出Take your temper
7、ature.量一量你的体温。7) 减掉，去掉If you take 4 from 10, you have 6.十减去四剩六。8) 懂得；了解Do you take me?你懂我的意思吗？9) 持续，花费（时间）Just a minute, it wont take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。This new pain-killer doesnt take long to act on the pain?这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。10) 照像，拍照I had my picture taken this morning.今天早晨我照了像。
8、He(or:His face) doesnt take well.他不上照。另外：To get to the hospital takes you half an hour . 其中“To get to the hospital”是不定式做主语。 不定式结构就是to + 动词原形。 如：want to play 中“to play”就是不定式。 在上一例句中不定式（划线）部分作主语太长，使句子不平衡。为了保持句子平衡，我们将它放在句尾。这时需要一个“形式”主语来代替它放在主语的位置。那么上一句就应该为：It takes you half anhour to get to the hospita
9、l . It为形式主语。 到目前为止我们已经学了几种“it”的用法。 1）表示动物的“它”。It is a panda .它是个熊猫。 2）表示前边提到过的事情或物。 如：I like the book . It is interesting . 3）表示天气。 It is warm . 天很暖和。 4）表示距离： It is ten miles。距离10英里。 5）作形式主语： It is important to eat a balanced diet . 真正的主语是to eat a balanced diet . 6）表示时间： It is 8 oclock . fromto表示“从到
10、” from Shanghai to Beijing .从上海到北京。 from和to都是介词。It is ten miles from home to school .从学校到家有10英里。2. How do you get to school ? 你是怎样到学校的。特殊疑问词How表示“怎么样” get to“到达”。相当于reach 。eg. I get to school at 8 oclock .or：I reach school at 8 oclock .我8点到校。 注意get to + 名词，必须有“to”，因为“get”是不及物动词，如get to Beijing。 而“re
11、ach”是及物动词，可直接跟宾语，不加“to”只能说reach Beijing。 但是get to后如果跟“there , here , home”这三个副词时，不加“to”。 get there到达那里 get here到达这里 get home到家此外：arrive也表示到达，后面要加介词in或at，eg.He arrived in London at 3 p.m. 他下午三点到达伦敦。（同“get to”一样，后跟副词“there , here , home”时介词“in”或“at”不出现。如：He arrived home yesterday .昨天他到家了。）3. Then he l
12、eaves for school at around half past six . 然后他大约6点半时离开去学校。 leavefor 表示离开某地到某地。for后边跟的地方表示要去的地方而不是离开的地方。有时离开的地方不提，只提到for后边要到的地方。如： He left Beijing for Shanghai .他离开北京到上海。 He left for Shanghai .他离开去上海了。（离开哪里没有提，只提到要去的地方）4. In North America , most students go to school on the school bus .在北美，大部分学生们坐校车。
13、 我们说乘公共汽车是by bus。by和bus中间没有“the”。表示在车上，用on。同样，说by train表示乘火车。如果是在火车上“on the train”。表示乘坐交通工具时的表示方法：1）用take，表示“乘坐” He takes the train .他乘火车。 He takes the bus .他乘公共汽车。2）用byHe gets to school by bus / train / plane/air / ship / car.他乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/船/小卧车到学校。 By是介词，表示“乘”什么工具，但要注意在by和bus等中间不加冠词“the”。 3）但当我们说步行
14、到哪里时不用介词“by”，而用“on”。 on foot 如：He goes to school on foot .他步行去学校。 此外还可以说成：He walks to school .5. 在美国我们说地铁为subway ；而在英国将地铁称为underground .6. How far is it from your home to school ?从你家到学校有多远？howfar问路程“多远”；howoften是问频率“间隔多久（一次）”；howlong是问（时间）“持续多久”，常与现在完成时或一般将来时连用。eg.HowfarisitfromBeijingtoGuangzhou?从北
15、京到广州有多远？ How far do you live from school ?你住的地方离学校有多远？ I live 10 miles from school .（我住的地方）离学校有10英里。7. In China , it depends where you are . 在中国，要由你在哪里来定。where you are是动词depend的宾语从句。depend v. 依靠，依赖。一般与介词on表示“依靠”、“依赖”。1) depend（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定That depends.视情形而定。It all depends on how you tackle the
16、 problem.那要看你如何应付这问题而定。2)（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要Children must depend on their parents.孩子们必须依赖他们的父母。You can depend on his honesty.你可以相信他的诚实。depend on依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持depend upon 依靠；由.而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持 All living things depend on the sun for their growth .万物生长靠太阳。 depend on还可以表示依而定。eg. It all depends o
17、n you .取决于你。8. In big cities , students usually ride bikes to school or take buses . 在大城市，学生们通常骑自行车到校或坐公共汽车去。 其中city的复数形式是cities。 bus的复数形式是buses。9. And in places where there are rivers and lakes ,students usually go to school byboat . 在有河和湖的地方，学生们通常乘船去学校。 by boat表示乘船。 Where there are rivers and lake
18、s作定语从句，所定的中心词是places。10. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus .（乘船）比坐公共汽车有更多的乐趣。 more 是much的比较级，意思是比更多的。 taking a bus是个动名词短语。11. A small number of students .少量的学生。 a number of = some，修饰复数名词，作定语，谓语用复数。如： A number of people are standing outside the office .办公室外面站着很多人。 the number of中的number指“总
19、数量”，与复数名词连用。 如：The number of people there is over 500 .那儿的人数超过500。 该句主语是number , people作number的后置定语，因此谓语用单数is。12. I need to see my friend . need to do表示需要做某事，need在这里是行为动词，后边跟“to do”不定式。13. Dont worry .别着急。 worry在此处为行为动词，经常与about连用。 表示“对担心”，eg. His mother worries about his study .他妈妈对他的学习很担心。 另外还有个词组
20、be worried about . 这时worried是个形容词，前边必须有be动词。如： He is worried about his English .他担心他的英语。【综合能力检测】一. 根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. Granny isnt in good health. My family w_ _ _ _ about her very much.2. A: What time is it? B: It h_ _ _ past seven. The meeting begins at eight oclock. A: Oh, then we have thirty
21、 minutes to relax before the meeting.3. Beijing is in the n_ _ _ _ of China.4. He has a qu_ _ _ mind. He is always the first to find the answers.5. Mary has to look after her mother at home. Because her mother is i_ _ in bed.二. 连词成句1. how, your, does , father , to, go, work?_?2. how, they, do, to, s
22、chool, get, every day?_?3. how long, it , does , take, you, get, to, home, from , to , school?_?4. the, early, takes, bus, him, his, to, work place_.5. in North America, to, go, school, most, students, on, school, the , bus_.三. 方框选词,用所给动词的适当形式填空。about, how far, think of, walk, ride1. I usually _but
23、sometimes I take the bus.2. The bus ride usually takes _25 minutes.3. Were _ going to visit Mr. Smith.4. He _ the bike to the subway station.5. A: _ does she live from school?B: She lives very near from school.四. 补全对话A: 1do you get to school?B: I 2the train.A: 3does it take?B: Oh, around forty minut
24、es. How about you?A: I take the subway.B: Ho long does that 4?A: Oh, 5thirty-five minutes. 五. 完成句子1. 昨晚我用了一小时写作业。It _ _ one hour _ _ my homework yesterday evening.2. 我可以信任你吗？Can I _ _ you?3. 这个航班要飞多久？_ _ does the flight take?4. 下雨时，我乘坐出租车。When it _, I take a taxi.5. 周末我喜欢骑自行车.I like _ _ my bike on t
25、he weekends.6. 我们匆匆吃了饭，然后跑着去赶火车。We had a _ meal and then _ _ _ the train.六、就画线部分提问 1. It takes them about two hours to get to the bus station2. I take the subway to get to school 【参考答案点拨】一1. worry2. half3. north4. quick5. ill1. worry, 根椐题意及字母提示，并worry 经常与about 连用，意为:为. 担心。2. half，根椐字母提示及题意: Oh, then
26、 we have thirty minutes to relax before the meeting.3. north, 根椐字母提示及北京的地理位置。4. quick，根椐字母提示及题中的He is always the first to find the answers.5. ill，根椐题意及字母提示。二、1. How does your father go to work?2. How do they get to school every day?3. How long does it take you to get to school from home?4. The early
27、 bus takes him to his work place.5. In North America most students go to school on the school bus.三、1. walk 2. about 3. thinking of 4. rides 5How far1. walk, 因为句中交代but sometime I take the bus，与walk 形成对照。2. about, about常与时间连用，表示多少时间。3. thinking of, 动名词常与介词连用，作介词的宾语；Were 后应该接现在分词构成现在进行时。4. rides, 主语是第
28、三人称单数，ride the bike 为固定的动词短语。5How far, 句子开头要大写，意思为“多远”，用来询问距离。四、1. How2. take3. How long4. take5. around五、1.took me, to do 2. depend on3. How long4. rains5. to ride6. quick, ran to catch1. took me, to do, It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事,时间状语为: yesterday evening, 应该用一般过去时。2. depend on
29、固定用法。3. How long 多长时间。4. rains, 主从句时态一致， it是第三人称单数，主谓一致。5. to ride, like to do sth, 本题中有两个空白，不能用like doing sth.6. quick, ran to catch, 形容词quick作定语修饰名词meal, ran 与had 时态一致。六、1. How long does it take them to get to the bus station? 2. How do you get to school?解析：画线部分是一段时间，用How long提问。解析：对方式提问用How。-第 10 页-