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1、Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer: the Canterbury Tales1, how is the setting of the tales described? The general tone?The poem is set in the early spring, in the suburb of London. Tone: happy, easy, lively, humorous.2.Character of the knight: noble, honorable, brave, wise, humble, gentle, piousUnit 2 William
2、ShakespeareHamlet1. Why sleep is so frightening, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”? Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. 2. Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them? Death is so m
3、ysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories 3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet. 1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) H
4、e wants to revenge, but doesnt know how; 2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his fathers ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.Romeo and Juliet 2. What is Romeo and Juliets attit
5、ude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? They would give up their names for loves sake.3. What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, /And I am proof against their enmity”? Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.Sonnet18：Theme:Expressing the deep love to his friend.1.Ho
6、w does the poet answer the question he put forth in the first line? The poet first makes a comparison between “thou” and the summers day , then continues that he should not compare “thou” to a summers day, for “thou” is more beautiful than summers day. 2.What makes the poet think that “thou” can be
7、more beautiful than summer and immortal? Summers day cannot last long. It is sometimes too hot and has rough wind. Its gold complexion dimmed, fair declines. Natures change course it untrimmed. However, “thou” is more lovely and temperate, “thy” beauty is ever lasting and never changes.3.the mean of
8、 the last 2 lines? you will not lose your own beauty, nor shall Death boast that you roam about in his darkness; so long as men can stay alive, so long as this poem lives, it gives you eternal life.Unit 3 Francis BaconOf Marriage and Single Life作者观点：Bacon prefers marriage to single life. Family and
9、children can give people a sense of responsibility and make people be full of love. A man may have a good reason to marry when he will. Bad husbands can become good husbands under the influence of good wives. If a woman persists in choosing a bad man for her husband against their friends consent, sh
10、e is sure to be able to help him to get rid of his shortcomings.2. In what sense are wife and children “a kind of discipline of humanity”?A married man knows how to love, and how to respond to love. By contrast, a single mans tenderness is not often called upon. Loving husbands commonly have grave a
11、nd constant natures. Wives are young mens mistresses, companions for middle age, and old mens nurses. A man may have a good reason to marry when he will. Bad husbands can become good husbands under the influence of good wives. If a woman persists in choosing a bad man for her husband against their f
12、riends consent, she is sure to be able to help him to get rid of his shortcomings (folly). Of studies1. What lessons can we learn from Bacons “Of Studies” in our access to information?right decisions and judgments over important matters are based upon comprehensive knowledge which is acquired by stu
13、dies. Without a wide range of knowledge, a person cannot digest information, analyze information and take timely measures accordingly. 2. In what sense does reading make a full man.引用+ Studies can train (shape) a persons character and make up a persons deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have
14、 a special receipt.3. What does the essay deal with?内容This essay analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.4. What do you think of the language of the essay?clearness, brevity, and f
15、orce of expression. The sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and of balanced structures. Conciseness of expression and simplicity of diction are two chief distinguishing features of the prose style of Bacon who was among the earliest of English essayists.Unit 4 17th-Century British poetJohn Donne
16、- The Flea：概括“The Flea,” is a persuasive poem in which the speaker is attempting to establish a sexual union with his significant other.Donne uses the flea as a conceit, to represent a sexual union with his significant other.The speaker is suggesting that through the flea the two are married. Again,
17、 the flea represents marriage, union, and consummation（完成，圆满，完美） through intimacy.The flea is now considering the baby produced by their bloods.1. Why does the poet say that “this cannot be said a sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead”?The woman doesnt reject the flea entre to her body, yet she denie
18、s the advancements of the speaker. The speaker shows the similarities between their lovemaking and the mingling of their blood within the flea. Their act could not be considered a sin because a fleabite isnt considered one. This act could not be considered a loss of innocence because it is so common
19、 that if it were to be true, nearly everyone would have lost his or her innocence. because their only act is the mixing of their blood.2. What do you think is the addressees parents attitude toward the poets wooing?her parents do not accept that what he says is marriage. Her parents are against such
20、 a marriage.3. What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea “thou” are actually killing three lives?Three lives refer to you, me and the flea (implying our baby). The speaker argues that if she kills the flee she would be committing murder. She would kill the symbolic marriag
21、e realm and the baby. In addition to those murders, she would be killing herself.Holy sonnet 101.why does John Donne say that death is the slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men?The poem reveals Donnes belief in life after death. It reads like a bold challenge to the prode death. Under Donne
22、s pen, death is neither mighty nor dreadful, for men may derivemuch pleasure from death, and death is a slave to many things. The meaning of the sentence from John Donnes Death Be not Proud is like that,Death,you are slave to Fate,Chance,kings,and desperate men;you are the slave to human beings.We,h
23、uman beings,are in charge of you.2.what does the poem mean when he says” we wake eternally” after one short sleep?The world sleep means death; The two lines express the idea that there is nothing frightening in death. Though we might die,we can keep alive spiritually forever.John Milton-Paradise Los
24、tThe general subject（总的主题）is mans disobedience and the loss thereupon of Paradise, with its prime cause, Satan, who, having revolted from God, has been driven out of heaven.4. Where are the serpent蛇 and his followers condemned after their defeat?They are driven from Heaven into hell.5. What are the
25、Gods punishments for those rebellious angels as described by Milton in lines 59-74?Satan looks around and finds himself in a horrible dungeon. There is a great furnace in the dungeon. What is burning is sulfur, with flames, but without light. Through the visible darkness, he can discover sights of w
26、oe, regions of sorrow, mournful shades, where peace and rest can never live. Hope goes everywhere except to this place. It is such a place as Eternal Justice had prepared for those rebels. It is far away from God and light of Heaven.6. What is considered by Satan as “ignominy” and “shame” (line 115)
27、? To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee and deify his power. To give in to God, to fall down on ones knees to beg for mercy submissively, worship Gods power, become scared for Gods authority and power, lose confidence.7. What is Satan advising the serpent and his followers to do in this part
28、of Paradise Lost?He is defeated in the battle against God, but he does not lose heart. He will not bow down to God. Instead, he is advising the serpent and followers to rise up again and fight another battle.Unit 5 Adventure Fiction WritersDaniel Defoe-Robinson Crusoe：Theme: praising labor and mans
29、courage and effort to conquer nature, but at the same time he beautifies colonialism and slavery.1. Robinson Crusoe stands for? Robinson Crusoe stands for a typical 18th-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overc
30、oming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.2. What is the authors attitude towards colonialism? Defoe took positive attitude towards colonialism. he does not condemn Negro-slavery in his book. “Master”
31、is the first word Friday learns from Robinson. Here lies colonialism in germ.3.What do you think of Crusoes way of marking time? Why is it important for him to keep track of time? 1) He doesnt want to forget time; 2) For a civilized man, time is precious; 3) He wants to remember Sabbath days to show
32、 his respect and piety to God.4.what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe?strong-minded, careful, capable, persevering, optimistic, ambitious, self-reliant, clever, practical, adventurous, patient, rational, sympathetic, hardworking, imaginative, energetic, courageous, amiable (kind-hearted)Jona
33、than Swift-Gullivers Travel1.What are the symbolic meanings of yahoos and houyhnhnms?Yahoos also symbolic the darkness of the governing class, morally degeneration, nastmess and dirt of the humans. and the sluttery of females in the society at that period. Houyhnhnms indicate peace, high rationality, moral and right sense and Virtue.2.Yahoo is greedy ignorant, brutal, savage, snobbish, jealous.