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1、1 1.主旨题（ 3） 2017 高考英语阅读题2016 高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲（1）理解主旨和要义大纲要求：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。【难度大一些】这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。一、划出题干关键词1) 主题类?The main idea of the passage is ?The passage
2、is mainly about ?What is the passage mainly about? ?Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage? 2) 目的类?The passage is meant/intended to ?The purpose of this article is to 3) 标题类?The be st title of the passage is 掌握定位主题句的方法：利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大意，是做好主旨大意题的重要技巧。二、划出主题句Sample1-4 【Samp
3、le 1 】 Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization. 【Sample 2 】Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others pr
4、efer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic( 民主的 ) discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be designed to satisfy all students at the same time. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 【Sample
5、 3 】Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A campe
6、r also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.【Sample 4】Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For e
7、xample, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? 三、划出主题句Practice 1-4 【Practice 1 】Coffee is a universal drink that is served in d
8、ifferent ways around the world. The best title for the passage should be _. A. Ways of making coffee B. Coffee around the world C. Advice on buying coffee D. Benefits of drinking coffee 【Practice2 】(山东卷 ) Are you lazy about brushing your teeth? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric too
9、thbrush (invented by Serval) senses how long and how well you brushServal says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes, ” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brus
10、h that really told him how well his children brushed. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. What s the most important invention . C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - -
11、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 【Practice3 】On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thrusters(推进器 ) would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the obj
12、ect. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防弹的 ) container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable a
13、nd its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.What is this paragraph mainly about? A. How space trash could be used. B. How Dana designed her satellite. C. How the satellite would work. D. How the satellite would be created. 主旨大意题选项的特点1.画蛇添足 :即文中根本
14、没有提到，把自己的观点强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言依据的信息。2.帽子太大 :即选择的主题过于笼统，与细节脱节或文章缺乏充分的论证。3.以偏概全 :即只抓住了主题的一个侧面或一句没有展开论述的句子而误认为是主题。正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词; 概括全文 , 内容全面 ,含义深刻 , 贴切准确。【Practice4 】Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most
15、 serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough ”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoki
16、ng is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the passage mainly about ? A. Ways of experimenting on smoking. B. Information about smoking C. Smoking resulting in cancer. D. Side effects of smoking. 归纳小结名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - -