《【创新设计】2015高考英语（江苏专用）大二轮总复习课件完形填空专题：专题三 完形填空解题四防范.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【创新设计】2015高考英语（江苏专用）大二轮总复习课件完形填空专题：专题三 完形填空解题四防范.ppt（40页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、一、说明文型完形填空的特点与解题策略说明文型完形填空，一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，如某种理论、方法、技巧、活动等，然后按照从时间、空间、事情发展的顺序，再运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等一定的方式进行介绍或说明。说明某一个存在的社会现象，产品的制作过程，使用方法等。对于这一类型的完形填空，就考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的中心，注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。二、议论文型完形填空的特点与解题策略议论型的完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：1对于议论
2、型的完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。有一项调查结果表明：英语中有60%90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句，抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”，再理解文章也就不难了。2理清文章的论点、论据和结论。一般说来，能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且论点里某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点论据形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章内容上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠条理性和系统性，需要重新来理顺文章中的各部分，直到条理清晰为止，然后再依据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
3、完形填空解题四防范一、失分防范1忽略上下语境关系不少考生做完形填空时不顾全文的整体理解，不考虑作者的主旨、思想态度等，甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑，看一题做一题，顾此失彼，造成较多的失误分。【典例】.I _44_ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a stranger，who was trying to get past me.Surprisingly，instead of moving on，she stopped to ask if I was OK.After
4、I explained my _48_ to her，she pointed to a bus stop across the street，where a bus would take me back into the city to my appointment.Sitting there waiting，I felt _50_ that someone had been willing to help.Then，hearing a horn(喇叭)nearby，I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get
5、in.44A.looked at Bwaited forCgot off Dran into解析根据上文可知，“我”下了公交车，站在人行道上不知所措。根据语境可知C项正确。有不少考生不顾上文语境而误选B项“等公交车”，导致错误。48A.idea BmotivationCexcuse Dsituation解析根据上下文语境，当“我”向她解释了“我”的处境之后，situation处境，境况，故选D。此选项如果忽略上下语境则容易误选其它选项。50A.afraid Bgrateful Ccertain Ddisappointed解析根据上下文，有人愿意主动帮“我”，“我”非常感激(grateful)。
6、根据语境及常识可知B项正确。如果忽略下文语境“我”的思想，则容易误选D项。二、失分防范2忽略搭配与词义的推敲能力【典例】.Twenty years later，the woman could guess what the professor had in mind.He _44_ himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an exciting _45_ into an unknown world invisible(无形的) to the eye，which can be discovered only through scienti
7、fic methods.44A.described BrespectedCsaw Dserved解析句意：他可能把自己看成是在邀请学生去探索未知世界。see.as.把看成，所以应选C项。describe.as.“把描述为”；respect.as.“把尊为”；serve.as“充当”；虽然搭配都对，但如果忽略上下文语境意义，则容易导致误选。45A.voyage Bmovement Cchange Drush解析根据句意“邀请学生开始令人激动的对未知世界的探索之旅”。所以应填voyage“航行”。B项侧重于“短暂的行为活动”，而作者意为“伟大的历程”，而C项“改变”，D项“匆忙，急流”更与文章主旨
8、无关。三、失分防范3偏离主题，忽略作者意图完形填空设置选项往往在词性、词义上都是一致、相似的选项，代入设空处没有语法毛病，意义上相差甚微，此时一定要推测文章主题、作者意图、主旨等，不可马虎草率。【典例】.I _38_.Thanking him，I made a time with him to listen to all the songs and choose the_ones that I could sing.I have come full circle with his help.His _40_ still warms my heart and makes me do just t
9、hat bit extra，when I have the chance.38A.had to cry Bought to cry Cshould have cried Dcould have cried40A.courage Bdevotion Ckindness Dtrust解析文章大意为：我因病身体残疾，但热爱音乐。在经济困难需要挣钱补贴家用时，我想发挥自己的爱好和特长，去餐馆唱歌挣钱。在我没有足够的钱买昂贵的音乐光盘时，音乐店的老板拿出自己视为珍宝的800首歌曲随便让“我”挑选。第38小题，(我很感动)，可能当时我早已泪流满面，故选D项，could have cried表示“当时可能已
10、哭了”，才真正符合作者的表达意图。A项“不得不哭”不能表达作者的“感激之情”。B项“应该哭”，C项“应该哭而没有哭”都不是作者的意图。第40小题，根据全文可知，作者详细描述店主对自己的帮助，店主的善举感动了作者，故选C项。kindness“友好行为，善举”。而其他选项都不是作者要表达的主旨。四、失分防范4只顾词义，忽略语法结构近几年完形填空中很少涉及语法知识，但并不是不涉及，有时选项中某两项意义接近，甚至一样，但涉及到语法时，则只有一个最佳选项。【典例】.A man will be _2_ (reading) the newspaper，and seconds later it _3_ as
11、if he is trying to _4_ (eat) it.3A.acts Bshows Cappears Dsounds解析如果理解为“他的行为”或“他表现地要吃报纸”，则容易误选A或B项。此处It appears/seems as if.为固定句型，意思是“看起来好像”。此处意为“几秒钟之后，他看起来好像在吃报纸(打瞌睡)。”故答案为C项。A(2014重庆)Cultural differences occur wherever you go.When visiting another country，you should be aware of those differences an
12、d _1_ them.Here are some _2_ on how to fit in.Every traveler to a foreign country feels _3_ at some point.What you do can make locals laugh.Your best defense is a sense of _4_.If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India，locals will warm to you as“that crazy foreigner.”Wearing proper clo
13、thes is important too，_5_ locals will judge you by what you wear.In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is _6_，especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing _7_.Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countrie
14、s it is _8_ to kiss in public.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文化差异无处不在，当在别的国家时意识到这种差异是十分重要的，关于如何适应这种差异，本文为读者提供了三点实用的建议。1A.reject Brecite Crespect Dremove解析根据下文提及的“入乡随俗”的建议，我们首先应该“尊重”这种文化差异，故选C。答案C2A.plans Btips Carguments Dchoices解析该文章第一段与下面三段是总分关系，该句是中心句。根据下文三条并列的建议可知此处填tips。答案B3A.unsafe Bexcited Csatisfied Dawkward
15、解析根据语境，初到某处有文化差异定会令人感到尴尬笨拙，故选D。答案D4A.relief Bbelonging Chumor Ddirection解析根据下文列举实例可知当遇到尴尬情况时，幽默感可以让你感觉舒服一些，故选C。答案C5A.but Bfor Cso Dor解析后文是解释提出前面建议的原因，故用for。答案B6A.forbidden Ballowed Cexpected Dtolerated解析根据该段最后一句“把你的破了洞的牛仔留在家里”，可知在中东国家露肉是被“禁止”的，故选A。答案A7A.emotions Bconcern Cinterest Dviews解析根据后一句“生气会让
16、你看起来愚蠢”，可知一定要小心表达自己的“情感”，故选A。答案A8A.natural Badvisable Cunwise Dunnecessary解析根据本段建议要小心表达个人情感，而亲吻是表达情感的方式，所以当众亲吻定是“不明智”的，故选C。答案CB(2014广东)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again，teenagers have _1_ feelings about their parents，saying that it is not easy living with them.Accor
17、ding to a recent research，the most common _2_ between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand，parents go mad over _3_ rooms，clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the _4_.On the other hand，teenagers lose their patience
18、continually when parents blame them for _5_ the towel in the bathroom，not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research，conducted by St.George University，shows that different parents have different _6_ to these problems.However，some approaches are more _7_ tha
19、n others.For example，those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness，but _8_ clean the room for them，have fewer chances of changing their childrens _9_.On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the _10_ of their actions can do better.For example，when teenagers who dont help th
20、eir parents with the shopping dont find their favorite drink in the refrigerator，they are forced to _11_ their actions.Psychologists say that _12_ is the most important thing in parentchild relationships.Parents should _13_ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they
21、have to say.Parents may _14_ their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space.Communication is a twoway process.It is only by listening to and _15_ each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，指出父母与十
22、几岁的孩子之间存在矛盾冲突及其原因，不同父母对此采取的不同方法，以及心理学家对解决冲突的建议。1A.natural Bstrong Cguilty Dsimilar解析由not easy living with them (their parents) (孩子觉得与父母生活在一起不易)与difficult to live with teenagers(父母觉得与十几岁的孩子生活在一起很难)可知，孩子与父母有“相似的”感受。答案D2A.interest BargumentClink Dknowledge解析由前两句，可知父母之间有“矛盾”，再根据regarding untidiness and
23、daily routine tasks(关于不整洁和日常事情)，对照各选项，只有argument(争吵)适合。答案B3A.noisyBcrowded Cmessy Dlocked解析由前句的untidiness和后面的clothes thrown on the floor可知，房间是messy(凌乱不堪的)。答案C4A.homework BhouseworkCproblem Dresearch解析由上文提到的收拾房间之类的事，应是housework(家务活)。答案B5A.washing Busing Cdropping Dreplacing解析由后面的not cleaning up their
24、 room or refusing to do the shopping可知，这里应是dropping the towel in the bathroom，一起为blame them的原因。答案C6A.approaches Bcontributions Cintroductions Dattitudes解析由下句的However，some approaches提示，可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的方法”，故选A项。答案A7A.complex Bpopular Cscientific Dsuccessful解析从下面的例子可以看出，有的方法比别的方法更能“达到预期的目的(succes
25、sful)”。下文中的do better也有提示作用。故选D项。答案D8A.later Bdeliberately Cseldom Dthoroughly解析yell at their children(对孩子大声叫喊)之后，意为“但是后来又为他们清扫房间”。答案A9A.behavior Btaste Cfuture Dnature解析根据上下文语境，应该是改变孩子不爱整洁的“行为(behavior)”。答案A10A.failures Bchanges Cconsequences Dthrills解 析 据 下 文 所 举 的 例 子 “ 不 帮 父 母 去 买 东西”“在冰箱里就找不到自己最
26、喜欢的饮料”可知，这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的后果”。故选C项。答案C11A.defend Bdelay Crepeat Dreconsider解析在有了上述经历之后，他们就会“重新考虑”他们的行动。答案D12A.communication Bbond Cfriendship Dtrust解析由下文中的Communication is a twoway process可知，此处填communication。答案A13A.reply Battend Cattach Dtalk解析由but可知，要选与lend an ear to(listen to倾听)相对的talk，是转折关系，故选D项。答案D14A.hate Bscold Cfrighten Dstop解析由but可知，要选与understand (理解)相对的scold(责骂)。答案B15A.loving Bobserving Cunderstanding Dpraising解析此句是强调句型，是对前两句的总结，一句是说要lend an ear to(listen to倾听)，一句是说要understand (理解)，所以总结为“只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决”。故选C项。答案C点击此处进入点击此处进入