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1、湖南省长沙市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编03语篇填空（语法填空&补全对话）&语篇翻译一、语法填空（2022 湖南长沙）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Netherlands needs thousands of new houses because the country (have) a growing population. Anyway, it may not have to build all those houses. Some of 2 (they) can be printed.3 (recent), the gov
2、ernment has been working together with a university and some building companies(公司)to build houses that are fully 3D-printed. As volunteers, an old couple has become the first people in Europe to move into such 4 house.With two 5(bedroom) and a big living room, the house was built layer(层)by layer,
3、usinga huge 3D printer and special cement (水泥).After being printed out, the house 6 (carry) by a truck to the building site, and a roof (屋顶)and windows were later added. It took around 120 hours 7 (finish) this 3D-printed house. Usually, it takes about one or two years to build a house in the 8 (tra
4、dition) way.The couple will live 9 this house for six months, with a monthly pay of 800 euros (欧 元).The cost seems a little bit high, but they think it is much cheaper 10 living in the hotel.(2021 湖南长沙)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Henry is 11 American businessman. One day, when he was sailing (航行
5、)on a boat near San Francisco, he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind. 12 (luck), he was discovered and picked up by a London-bound (开往伦敦的)ship. So he 13 (land) in London by accident. Alone and 14 (hunger), he walked on the streets of the city. Unexpectedly, he 15 (call) into a big house.
6、There two rich 16 (brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told 17 (he) not to open it until two oclock of the day. Henry didn? t know it was a million-pound (百万英镑)bank note. He left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was impolite and impati
7、ent to him. Why? 18 he was in rags (衣衫褴褛)and looked dirty. Then, 19 everyone? s surprise, he handed the owner a million-pound bank note to pay for the meal. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best 20 (please) Henry. Don t you think it s the most第1页共9
8、页 unbelievable story in the world?二、补全对话（2020 湖南长沙）通读下面的对话,根据上下文补全对话内容。A: Hi, Jane. You made great progress in English during the long winter vacation. 21? B: Just by taking online courses and finishing my homework in time. Sometimes I watched the online classes again when necessary.A: But I didn，t
9、make full use of the time. So I can，t catch up with my classmates now. I feel worried and hopeless.B: 22. Read a lot and do exercises, and youll get improved.A: Good idea. When I have difficulties,23 ?B: No problem. I am always there if you need help.A: Its very kind of you. By the way, whats the ti
10、tle of your tomorrow? s speech?B: Only I. 5.A: Sounds interesting. But its just a number. 24 ?B: It means we need to keep temperature increases below 1. 5.A: If not, what would happen?B: Unexpected disasters （灾难）would hit the earth again and againTrue. The forest fires in Australia have given us war
11、nings. 25 ?A: The fires lasted for several months. It is reported that countless wild animals have been killed and thousands of people have lost their homes in the big fires.A: What a bitter lesson!三、语篇翻译（2022 湖南长沙）阅读下面短文，将划线局部译成英文或中文。When people say Chinese culture, we often think of paper cutting.
12、 1. Paper cutting is an art form with a long history in China. Traditional paper-cuts were first put on windows for decoration （装饰）.That is why paper-cuts are also called “window flowersv . Most paper-cuts are made of red paper, because red means good luck in Chinese culture. Today, people use paper
13、-cuts to decorate not only windows, but also doors and other furniture （家具）, 2. Sometimes, people use them as gifts.Paper-cuts are popular because of their expressions of good wishes and hopes. During the Spring第2页共9页Festival, for example, many people put up paper-cuts of the Chinese character （汉字）
14、“Fu” upside down on the door. 3.他们希望这会给他们带来好运。At wedding ceremonies （婚礼）,you can always see paper-cuts of the character “Xi” . It means that the new couple can enjoy happiness together.Paper cutting has developed into different styles in different parts of China. 4. Paper-cuts from the north of Chin
15、a usually have interesting shapes. In southern China, people prefer paper-cuts with the themes （主题）of flowers, fruit, birds and fish.5.学习剪纸非常容易。With a piece of paper and a knife or a pair of scissors, you can try to make your own paper-cuts. Although paper cutting is easy to start with, you need a l
16、ot of practice and imagination to become really good at it.26.27.28.29.30.（2021 湖南长沙）阅读下面的短文，将划线局部译成英文或中文。Yangge is a kind of traditional Chinese folk （民间的）dance. The performers （表演者）dance to music with handkerchiefs （手帕）or fans in their hands. 1. It s a very popular festival activity in north China
17、.Yangge may have different forms from place to place, but all of them express happiness. 2. 很 多人非常喜欢秧歌。Most dancers are young men and young women. Some are even old ladies. Almost every village in northern Shaanxi Province has yangge teams. 3. They begin to prepare yangge even a month before the Chi
18、nese New Year. During the Spring Festival, the yangge teams pay New Year s calls from house to house.4. They wish people a happy New Year by dancing yangge in the streets. Some young men often play the drums, and the performers wave red silk bands （挥舞红绸带）.People set off firecrackers （鞭 炮）to welcome
19、the dancers. 5.他们邀请表演者品尝自制食物。The sounds of songs, drums and firecrackers form an air of festivity in the village.Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares, and it has developed into a kind of popular exercise for city people.31. 第3页共9页32.33.34.35.（2020 湖南长沙）阅读下面的短文，将划线局部译成英文或中
20、文。Lots of young people have never experienced home-life. Meals are cooked and clothes are washed as if by magic! 1.我们知道很多孩子不会洗衣做饭。They don，t clean the floor, make the bed or slice （切）the meat. Yes, they have homework but often no housework. But how are you ever going to learn the practical skills yo
21、u will need in later life if everything is done for you? A change is coming. 2. In China, schools are now thinking about teaching life skills as a subject. We all need to prepare for real life, especially the housework. 3.我父母拥有这些技能，但他们却忘 记教我了。At university, I had to learn to shop, prepare my food an
22、d cook meals. I wish my parents or my teachers had taught me all of them before! Now, I feel very confident （信心）in running a home. I especially enjoy cooking.4. Some people might say you can order food oc book services online. In fact, good life skills will make you a better student, a better workma
23、te and a better family member in your life. Making a meal needs good planning, skillful cooking, control of temperature and a good nose! It makes you smarter!All this needs to start early. 5. If you dont have practical life skills, your education will be incomplete. One day, you will wonder why you
24、have no clean socks, and why some of your best friends can cook a delicious meal but you cannot!36.37.38.39.40. 第4页共9页参考答案:1. has2. them3. Recently4. a5. bedrooms6. was carried7. to finish8. traditional9. in10. than【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了荷兰用3D打印机建造的一座房子。1 .句意：荷兰需要数千栋新房子,因为该国人口不断增长。根据“The Netherlands needs”可
25、知， 句子时态用一般现在时，主语是“the country,谓语have用第三人称单数形式。故填has。2 .句意:其中一些可以打印。介词“of”后用代词宾格，some of them “它们中的一些:故填them。3 .句意：最近，政府一直在与一所大学和一些建筑公司合作建造完全3D打印的房屋。逗号前用副词 修饰整个句子，recently “最近”，首字母大写。故填Recently。4 .句意：作为志愿者，一对老夫妇成为欧洲第一对搬进这样一所房子的人。house”是可数名词单 数，前面需加冠词，表示“这样的一所房子”，且“house”以辅音音素开头，用such a house。故填a。5 .句
26、意：这座房子有两间卧室和一个大客厅，是用一台巨大的3D打印机和特殊的水泥一层一层地建 造的。bedroom “卧室”，“two”修饰可数名词复数。故填bedrooms。6 .句意：房子被打印出来后，用卡车运到了建筑工地，后来又加上了屋顶和窗户。描述过去的事情 用一般过去时，根据by a truck”可知，用被动语态was/were+done的结构，主语是“the house”，be 动词用was。故填was carried。7 .句意：完成这座3D打印房子花了大约120个小时。“It takes+时间段+t。do sth”,表示“做某 事花费多长时间”，动词不定式作主语。故填to finish
27、o8 .句意：通常，用传统的方式建造一所房子需要一到两年的时间。tradition “传统”，名词，空处 需用形容词作定语修饰名词“way”。故填traditional。9 .句意：这对夫妇将在这所房子里住六个月，月付800欧元。live “住，生活”，不及物动词，live in- 住在二故填in。10 .句意：费用似乎有点高,但他们认为这比住在酒店廉价得多。根据“it is much cheaperliving in the hotel可知，住在这所房子比住酒店廉价,than “比”,前面用比拟级。故填than。第5页共9页11. an12. Luckily13. landed14. hun
28、gry15. was called16. brothers17. him18. Because19. to20. to please【解析】【分析】文章是马克吐温的短篇小说百万英镑的故事梗概。Herwy落难时，有两个富裕的兄弟给了他一张百 万英镑的钞票，他在餐馆因衣衫褴褛而遭到不礼貌待遇，而人们又因这百万英镑而去取悦他。11 .句意：Henry是一名美国商人。businessman是可数名词单数，此处泛指一名美国商人，American 以元音音素开头，其前用不定冠词an。故填an。12 .句意：幸运的是，他被发现了，并被一艘开往伦敦的船接走了。此处用副词修饰整个句子。luck 的副词形式是lu
29、ckily,意为“幸运地，幸运的是，句子开头首字母大写。故填Luckily。13 .句意：所以他是偶然在伦敦登陆的。根据上下文可知用过去时态讲述故事，此处用一般过去时, land的过去式是landedo故填landedo14 .句意：他单独一人，饥肠辘辘地走在城市的街道上。and前后表示等同关系，词性保持一致，alone 是形容词，作伴随状语，此处用hunger的形容词形式hungry表示“饥饿的。故填hungry。15 .句意：没想到，他被叫进了一所大房子。根据into a big house”可知是被叫进一所大房子, 用被动语态，文章以过去时态讲述故事，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为wa
30、s/weredone,主语“he” 后用be动词was。故填was calledo16 .句意：在那里富有的兄弟俩，Oliver和Roderick递给他一封信，叫他在凌晨两点前不要翻开。 由two可知，空处应填名词复数。故填brothers。17 .句意：在那里富有的兄弟俩，Oliver和Roderick递给他一封信，叫他在凌晨两点前不要翻开。 动词told后接人称代词宾格，he的宾格形式是him。故填him。18 .句意：因为他衣衫褴褛，看起来很脏。根据“Why?”可知此处要回答原因，用because表示“因 为”，句子开头首字母大写。故填Because。19 .句意:然后，令大家吃惊的是，
31、他递给店主一张百万英镑的钞票来付饭钱。to one，s surprise 令某人惊讶的是，固定短语。故填to。20 .句意：看到这张钞票，餐馆里所有的人都变得很友好，尽力取悦亨利。try one? s best to do sth. 尽最大努力做某事，此处用动词不定式。故填to pleaseo第6页共9页21 . How did you learn English?22 . Don，t worry. / Never give up. /Come on. / Cheer up.23 . can you help me?24 . What does it mean?25 . How long di
32、d the fire last?【解析】【分析】这那么对话主要是B在寒假英语取得很大进步，询问怎样做到的，A介绍学英语的方法，并鼓励A,表示在 他有困难时会帮助他，最后B介绍明天的演讲的话题和主要内容。26 .句意:你怎样学习英语的？根据 Just by taking online courses and finishing my homework in time” 可知 B 讲述学英语的方 法，此处用特殊疑问句询问怎样学英语的，疑问词是how。根据“watched the online classes可知是 一般过去时态，疑问句的助动词是did。故答案为How did you learn E
33、nglish?27 .句意:不要担忧。/不要放弃。/加油。/振作起来。根据I feel worried and hopeless，A感到担忧无助的，B此处在抚慰鼓励他，让他不要放弃。可用 Dont worry 或者 Never give up 或者 Come on 或者 Cheer up。 故答案为 Don，t worry. / Never give up. /Come on. / Cheer up.28 .句意：当我有困难的时候，你能帮我么？根据No problem. 1 am always there if you need help” B表示A需要帮助他总会帮他，可知是一般 疑问句，A此
34、处询问B是否能帮他。故答案为can you help me?29 .句意：它的意思是什么？根据 It means we need to keep temperature increases below 1.5”, B 讲述 Only I. 5的含义， 可知此处用特殊疑问句，A询问它的含义是什么。故答案为What does it mean?30 .句意:大火持续多长时间？根据The fires lasted for several months大火持续好几个月，可知A询问持续多长时间，用特殊 疑问句，疑问词是how long。根据“lasted”可知是一般过去时态，问句的助动词用did。故答案为
35、How long did the fire last?31 .剪纸在中国是一种历史悠久的艺术形式。32 .有时，人们用它们作为礼物。33 . They hope it will bring them good luck.34 .中国北方的剪纸通常有有趣的形状。35 . Learning paper cutting is very easy.【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了中国的传统文化一一剪纸。第7页共9页26. Paper cutting “剪纸；is 是；an art form ”一1种艺术形式；with a long history ”有悠 久的历史；in China 在中国”。故填：剪纸
36、在中国是一种历史悠久的艺术形式。27. Sometimes 有时候”;people 人们”;use.as.使用作为；gifts 礼物故填：有时，人们用它们作为礼物。28. they “他们;hope “希望”,后加宾语从句,that 省略；it 它；will bring them good luck “将会给他们带来好运”。故填 They hope it will bring them good luck.29. Paper-cuts “剪纸；from “来自”;the north of China “中国北方”;usually “通常”；have interesting shapes “有有
37、趣的形状”。故填：中国北方的剪纸通常有有趣的形状。30. learning paper cutting “学习剪纸”,此处是动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；is “是；very easy “非常容易故填 Learning paper cutting is very easy.31. 它在中国北方是一个非常流行的节日活动。32. Many/A lot of/Lots of people like Yangge very much.33. 甚至在中国新年前一个月，他们就开始准备秧歌了。34. .他们通过在街上跳秧歌来祝福人们新年快乐。35. They invite performers to tas
38、te/try the food made by themselves. /They invite performers to taste/try the food which/that is made by themselves. /They invite performers to taste/try seif-made/homemade food.【解析】【分析】文章介绍了秧歌这一中国民间传统舞蹈。36. It s 它是；a very popular festival activity 一个非常受欢迎的节日活动；in north China 在中国北方。故填：它在中国北方是一个非常流行的节
39、日活动。37. 人people,可数名词复数；许多many/a lot of/lots of,修饰可数名词复数；喜欢like；秧歌 Yangge；非常vy much。句子用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。句子开头首字母大写。故 填 Many/A lot of/Lots of people like Yangge very much.38. They 他们；begin to prepare yangge 开始准备秧歌；even 甚至；a month 一个月；before the Chinese New Year在中国新年前。故填：甚至在中国新年前一个月，他们就开始准备秧歌了。39. Th
40、ey 他们;wish 希望，祝福；people 人们；a happy New Year 一个快乐的新年；by dancing yangge 通过跳秧歌；in the streets在街上。故填：他们通过在街上跳秧歌来祝福人们新年快乐。40. 他们they；邀请某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.；表演者performers；品尝taste；自制食 物self-made food/homemade food。句子用一般现在时，主语“they”后用动词原形。句子开头首字母大 写。故填 They invite performers to taste/try the food whic
41、h/that is made by themselves. /They invite performers to taste/try self-made/home made food.41. We know that many children can t wash clothes or cook.42. 在中国，学校现在在考虑把教授生活技能当做一门学科。第8页共9页43. My parents have these skills, but they forgot to teach me.44. 一些人也许会说你可以在网上点餐或者预定服务。45. 如果你没有实际的生活技能，你的教育就是不完整的
42、。【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述学生有家庭作业没有家务活，很多孩子不会洗衣做饭。在中国，学校现在在考 虑把教授生活技能当做一门学科。学会这些必需的生活技能让孩子们更自信更聪明。36. 划线的句子“我们知道很多孩子不会洗衣做饭”是陈述句。主语是we我们；谓语动词是know知 道；后面是宾语从句，从句的主语是many children很多孩子；动词是can t不会；后面用动词原形wash clothes,否认句用 or 连接两个动词 wash clothes 和 cook。故答案为 We know that many children can t wash clothes or cook
43、.37. 划线的句子“In China, schools are now thinking about teaching life skills as a subject” 是陈述句。in China表示“在中国”,句子的主语是schools学校,谓语动词are thinking aboutas 表示“正在考虑把当做”, now是时间状语“现在”；宾语是动名词teaching life skills教 授生活技能;as后面的宾语是a subject一门学科。故答案为在中国，学校现在在考虑把教授生活技能当做 一门学科。38. 划线的句子“我父母拥有这些技能,但他们却忘记教我了 ”是but表示转折
44、连接的两个句子。我 父母my parents；谓语动词“拥有”用have；宾语是“这些技能 these skills。他们they；动词用一 般过去时态，表示“忘记了做某事用forgot to do；用动词原形接人称代词的宾格teach me表示“教 我”。故答案为 My parents have these skills, but they forgot to teach me.39. 划线的句子 “Some people might say you can order food or book services online” 是陈述 句，主语是some people 一些人；动词是mig
45、ht say 可能会说”；后面是宾语从句，从句的主语是you你； 动词是can可以；后面是or连接两个动词短语并列order food or book services online表示“在网上 点餐或者预定服务”。故答案为一些人也许会说你可以在网上点餐或者预定服务。40. 划线的句子 “If you don，t have practical life skills, your education will be incompleten 是if引导的条件状语从句。从句的主语是you你；谓语动词是dont have没有；宾语是“practical life skills”实际的生活技能。主句的主语是your education你的教育；谓语动词是一般将来时will be, 将是；表语是incomplete 不完整的二故答案为如果你没有实际的生活技能，你的教育就是不完整的。第9页共9页