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1、阅读理解专题-推理判断题推断题类型：1. 推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断上下文内容 一如何推断隐含意义1. Question forms:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that . The story implies that .We can i
2、nfer conclude from the passage that .这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨1).全面分析 2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息3.Practice:Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that s
3、omeone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. （1分钟） The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people B. surprised people C. frightened people. D. excited people. Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist.
4、 The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.
5、 The author implies that several types of bison_.A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died outIt is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it wa
6、s in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches 二、如何推断作者观点和态度： 说明文中作者的态度: objective neutra
7、l (中立的）；在议论文中，有：(1)positive (积极的) (2)negative (3)neutral (中立的) (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent(7) sarcastic (讽刺的) (8)critical批评的 (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic1. Question forms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举
8、的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。 There was a time when some peoples lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet befor
9、e we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced;they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger,and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. What is the authors attitude towards the modern technology? A. Criti
10、cal B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Negative.Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If y
11、ou have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tea
12、rs may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure- those
13、 who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee
14、 jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said t
15、hat about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psycho
16、logists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. Nowadays, according to
17、many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writ
18、er of the text has a _ attitude（态度）towards dangerous sports.A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的）C. neutral （中立的） D. nervous三、如何推断写作目的 1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the aut
19、hor intends to _.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. 2. 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：常见于故事类的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting exp
20、erience常见于广告类的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章.3. 技巧点拨 (1) 根据文体类别推断写作目的(2) 从写作手法来推断写作目的“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came ove
21、r you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C.
22、show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer themThe Cost of Higher EducationMany people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资)and cr
23、eate jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, youshould also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. T
24、herefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to _. Aargue against free university education Bcall on them to finance students studies Cencourage graduates to go into business Dshow their cont
25、ribution to higher educationA young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest.
26、 Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went
27、to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_.A. show that elephants are very cleverB. tell how a woman trained a wild anim
28、alC. show that women care more for animals than men doD. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife四、如何推断文章出处1. Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2. 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1) 报纸 (2)广
29、告 (3)产品说明： Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For
30、night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness
31、 or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicineMore than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same
32、 as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up
33、to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are makin
34、g a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be f
35、ined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）D. a government information booklet Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your goals, start helping others in nee
36、d, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated daily.This text must be taken fr
37、om _A a radio program B. a websiteC. a newspaper D. a TV program五推断上下文内容1.Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.2. 解题技巧推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。When early humans hunted and gathered food, they
38、 were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. C
39、learings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only
40、when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化
41、）总结1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。 2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。4.推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。Assignments:1.One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do youne
42、ed these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leavethe house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _. A. very
43、clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects 2.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fall into selfpity. “Everybody on earth can ask，whyme？about something or other，”she insists. “
44、It doesnt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache pain，and disappointments. Sometimes we can makethings better by helping others. Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.” What can we know from the last p
45、aragraph? A. Mary feels pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. DMary determines to go back to the dance floor.3.Then the people realized what was happening. It was thefrog. They hadnt been useless.They had been doing an important j
46、ob-eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases. Now, the people are still poor.But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs.These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning . What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the countryB.Health is more important tha