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1、行知中学高二学考复习之句子成分及根本句型【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(干脆宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语与状语、宾语补足语等。(一)主语:主语是谓语讲解并描述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake i
2、s a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语局部里主要的词)必需是动词。谓语与主语在人称与数两方面必需一样。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词与表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We dont finish reading the book. (助动词与行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词与行为动词一起
3、作谓语)(三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担当,它与及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜爱听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的
4、名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词与宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分干脆宾语与间接宾语。干脆宾语是及物动词的干脆对象,干脆宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在干脆宾语之前。 不是全部的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. (五)表语 表语
5、说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担当。它的位置在系动词后面。 如:I am a teacher.(名词) He is always happy.(形容词) They are on the playground now.(介词短语) It gets cold.(形容词) Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain) 表变更(get, become, turn) 感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来
6、)如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语) We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词, careful为表语) (六)定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如:The black bike is mine.(形容词) Whats your name(代词) They make paper flowers.(名词) 说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, e
7、verything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。 如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语) He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)(七)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如:He did it carefully.(副词) We often help him.(副词) Her mot
8、her goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语) When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语) He sits there.(副词地点状语)一、 典型例题写出划线局部的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on t
9、he blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.二、 课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语M
10、y brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. A B C D Why i
11、sheworriedaboutJim A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheyallbecome interestedin the subject. A B C D Sheisthe firstto learnabout it. A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. A B C DWhatisyourgivenname A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeo
12、pleforgotto sweepthe floor. A B C DThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D Shefinditdifficultto do the work. A B C D TheycallmeLilysometimes. A B C DIsawMr. Wan
13、gget on the bus.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语Thereisa big smileon her face. A B C DEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstairs. A B C D Hebeganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B C DThe manon the motorbikeis travellingto fast.A B C DWith the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off. A B C D(六) 划出句中的干脆宾语( )与间接宾
14、语( ) Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me典型例题答案一.写出划线局部的句子成分。 1. 主,谓,宾,状2. 定,状 3. 表4. 谓,宾,状 5. 定,定6. 谓,状 7. 谓,宾,状8. 谓,状 9. 表10. 表 11. 定,表12. 状,状课后练习(三) D D B A B (四) D B D C B(五) C C A B B (六) C C C C D (七) D A D D A (八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 干脆宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 干脆宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 干脆宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 干脆宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 干脆宾