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1、第09讲动词不定式【基础知识】用法详解:在中考语法项目中,主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。动词不定式由“to+动词原 形”构成,有时to省略,直接由动词原形构成。否定式由“not to+动词原形”构成。如:We decided to go on hiking though we were tired.虽然我们很累,但是我们决定继续远足。The girl tried not to wake up her mother.这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。1 .动词不定式作宾语(1)接不定式作宾语的动词(“动词+t。do”结构)常见的有:learn学会plan计划try尽力 choose选择r
2、efuse 拒绝pretend 假装would like / want 想要hope / wish 希望afford负担得起help 帮助(help to do / help do)decide决定agree同意offer主动expect期望promise 承诺prefer喜欢like 喜欢(like to do / doing)continue 继续(continue to do / doing)begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing)如:I would like to have a sandwich.我想要吃一个三明治(2)动词不定式作宾语
3、,置句末,前面用it指代不定式,it是形式宾语。如:We found it difficult to understand what you said.我们发现很难理解你所说的话。(3)有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词(who, what, which等)作宾语(即“动词+疑问词+t。do”结构),常见的有:show表明、指示;know知道;tell告诉;teach教;learn学习;decide决定。如:Larry didnt know how to tell her the bad news.拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。2 .动词不定式作宾语补足语(1)接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(动词+
4、sb.+to do结构,否定式“动词+sb.+not to do”)常见的有:tell告诉 ask请order命令warn警告 teach教 want想要wish希望 expect期望wish希望 expect期望encourage 鼓励【解析】【详解】句意: 格林老师,我很抱歉。我把数学书落在家里了。没关系。记得明天带来这。考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth记得做过某事;remember to do sth记得要做某事。根据remember it here tomorrow”可知,提醒要记得带数学书来,故选D。20. B【解析】【详解】句意:张女士做了很多事情来为有需要的人
5、筹集资金。考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知张女士做许多事情是为了筹钱,所以此处用动词不定式表目的。故选B。21. C【解析】【详解】句意:警察要求孩子们直到绿灯亮时,才能通过马路。考查连词辨析和动词短语。when当口寸;until直到,直到为止;before在之前;after在之后。ask sb. (not) to do sth.让某人(不要)做某事,固定搭配,排除选项A和B。根据常识可知“绿灯亮后过 马路或直到绿灯亮时,才能通过马路”,选项D代入句子后意为“绿灯亮后不过马路”不符合语境, “notuntil直到才”符合语境,故选C。22. A【解析】【详解】句意:有一些关于如何改善我们的生活条件
6、的很好的建议。考查there be句型和非谓语动词。此句是there be句型,be动词的形式是按照就近原则确定,由于“advice” 是不可数名词,be动词用is; “疑问词+to do”结构作宾语,由“how.our living conditions”可知空格处用“to improve”符合语境,故选A。23. A【解析】【详解】句意:是时候决定做什么和何时去做了。考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。此处在动词后作宾语,宾语从句需用陈述语序,排除D; when to do sth或when I should do sth, do后面要有宾语,BC错误。故选A。24. C【解析】【详解】句意:被邀
7、请参加派对,我很开心。sb. be+形容词+t。do sth,表示“做某事,某人感觉怎么样 因此空格处 应用动词不定式。动词invite“邀请”和主语1“我”存在逻辑上的被动关系,应用不定式的被动式,其结构 为:to be+过去分词。故选C。25. D【解析】【详解】句意:老师让我们不要发出任何噪音。然后我们停止了交谈。考查非谓语动词。make noise发出噪音;talk交谈,根据固定搭配ask sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事” 可知,第一个空用动词不定式作宾补,排除A和C, stop doing sth表示“停止正在做的事情“,所以第二个 空用动名词作宾语,排除B,故选
8、D。26. A【解析】【详解】句意:老师让杰克早点去上学,并告诉他不要再迟到了。考查非谓语动词。ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”;tell sb (not) to do sth告诉某人(不要)做某事。故选 AoD【解析】【详解】句意:她不知道如何表达她的感情。考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。结合成分分析和选项可知,此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构作宾 语,表达“不知道如何表达感情”的意思。故选D。27. B【解析】【详解】句意:这些青少年主动提出在养老院做志愿工作。考查非谓语动词。offer to do sth”主动提出做某事,故选B。28. D【解析】【详解】句意:李先生
9、,我与他人沟通有困难。我该怎么办?记住要耐心倾听别人的意见。考查非谓语动词。第一空根据固定短语have trouble (in) doing sth,故某事有困难”可知动词用动名词形式; 第二空结合语境可知是指记得要耐心倾听别人意见(还未发生),所以要用固定短语remember to do sth“记 得要做某事(还未做)“,故选D。29. A【解析】【详解】句意: 对我们来说,知道如何学习所有的科目是很重要的。是的,小组合作是我最喜欢的方式。考查“疑问词+不定式根据It is important for us to know.all the subjects.”可知,此处使用“疑问词+不定式
10、” 结构作宾语,结合答语“group work is my favourite way”可知,此处对方式进行提问,故选A。30. C【解析】【详解】句意:学生们决定参加课外阅读节目的志愿者选拔。考查不定式。根据“decided”可知,decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,因此这里填不定式;try out for”参加选 拔”。故选C。31. A【解析】【详解】句意:老师告诉学生们不要把任何食物带进电脑室。考查动词不定式。根据The teacher told the students .any food into the computer room.“可知,tell sb. to d
11、o sth.“告诉某人做某事”,其否定为tell sb. not to do sth.。故选A。32. B【解析】【详解】句意:互联网使学生在线上课成为可能。考查it固定句型。根据“makes it possible for students”可知,这里是固定句型:make it+形容词+for sb to do sth“让做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”,it是形式宾语,指代后面的不定式。故选B。33. B【解析】【详解】句意:贝蒂,我不擅长英语。你能帮我一下吗?当然。我会尽我所能帮助你提高你的英语。考查非谓语动词。根据Ill do what I can. you improve your En
12、glish”可知,尽我所能的目的是为了帮助提 高英语,所以用动词不定式表目的,故选B。34. D【解析】【详解】句意:你写完这个故事后,你知道接下来要做什么吗?考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth.完成做某事”;“疑问词+动词不定式”在know后作宾语。故选D。35. D【解析】【详解】句意:他们组织了一场绘画比赛来帮助有需要的孩子。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“他们组织绘画比赛”的目的是“帮助有需要的孩子”,作目的状语用动词 不定式。故选D。36. D【解析】【详解】句意:我很难学好数学。海伦擅长这个科目。她可以教你学好它。考查非谓语动词。固定短语have difficulty
13、 doing sth“做某事有困难”,teach sb to do sth“教某人做某事”。故选Do37. D【解析】【详解】句意:王老师经常让我们在课堂上分享自己的观点。考查非谓语动词。letsb.dosth.“让某人做某事”,此处用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。38. B【解析】【详解】句意:他很用功,考试不会不及格。考查副词辨析和enough的用法。hardly几乎不;hard努力地。study hard努力学习,排除 AD; .enough (not) to do sth足够(不)去做某事”。故选 B。39. B【解析】【详解】句意:学生们正在举行一项活动,为需要帮助的儿童筹集
14、资金。考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据Students are holding an activity.money for children in need.”可知,筹集资 金是目的,用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。40. D【解析】【详解】句意:他们为什么一直站在那里? 他们似乎不知道向谁求助。考查非谓语动词。seem tod。sth “似乎做某事”,第一空填to know。第二空作know的宾语,用疑问词who+ 动词不定式结构,故选D。41. A【解析】【详解】句意:我爸爸喜欢运动。他每天花一个小时做运动。考查动词不定式。根据“It takes sb+时间+ to do sth”可知,动词
15、不定式作主语,故选A。allow允许 invite邀请advise建议require要求 force强迫如:Do you want me to find out the phone number?你想要我找出那个电话号码吗?(2)有些及物动词,接不定式作宾语补足语时(动词+sb.+d。),要省略to。这类及物动词常见的有:let 让 make 使 have 使see看见 watch注视 hear听到notice注意到 feel感觉起来被动语态中要还原to,如make sb. do被动语态变为sb. be made to do。如:I saw him read in the library ye
16、sterday.我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读3.动词不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语,可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、为了。如:To learn math well, you must do more exercises.为了学好数学,你必须多做练习。We came here to ask you for help.我们来这是为了向你寻求帮助。【考点剖析】(2022河北怀安县教育体育和科学技术局教育科学研究室八年级期末)My teacher encouraged me English as much as possible.A. speakB. to speakC. speakingD. spok
17、eB【解析】句意:我的老师鼓励我多说英语。考查非谓语动词。speak说,固定搭配encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”,故选B。1. (2022河北怀安县教育体育和科学技术局教育科学研究室八年级期末)Jim is good at telling stories. He always makes us when he tells us stories.A. laughB. to laughC. laughsD. laughingA【解析】句意:Jim擅长讲故事。他讲故事时,总是让我们大笑。考查非谓语动词。laugh“大笑”,根据makes”是使役动词可知,空缺处用省略to
18、的不定式作宾补,故选Ao2. (2022江苏盯胎县教师发展管理中心研训部八年级期末)一Why did you get up so early? You didnt get up until 9 a.m. before.一 the first bus.A. CatchB. CatchingC. To catchD. CaughtC【解析】句意:你为什么起得这么早?你直到早上9点才起床。为了赶上头班车。考查非谓语动词。根据“Why did you get up so early?”可知此处讲起早的目的是为了赶上头班车,用动词不 定式To catch表目的。故选Co(2022山东莒南县教育科学研究与
19、发展中心八年级期末)一Did you practice English this morning?一Yes, but I forgot the classroom.A. to speak; to cleanB. speaking; to cleanC. speaking; cleaningB【解析】句意:今天早上你练习说英语了吗? 是的,但是我忘记打扫教室了。考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.”练习做某事”;“but I forgot . the classroom”可知打扫教室这件事情还 未做,用forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事”。故选B。2. (20
20、22北京大兴八年级期末)一Do you plan for a party this weekend?一Yes, we do.A. to prepareB. prepareC. preparingD. preparedA【解析】句意: 你计划准备这个周末的聚会吗?是的,我们计划了。考查非谓语动词。结合语境和空前“plan”可知问句用“plan to do sth计划做某事: 所以这里用动词不定式作 宾语。故选A。3. (2021 辽宁沈阳八年级期末)We should try our best those people in need.A. to helpB. helpingC. helpD.
21、to helpingA【解析】句意:我们应该尽我们最大的努力帮助那些需要帮助的人。考查非谓语动词。to help动词不定式;helping动名词形式;help动词原形;to helping介词to加动名词形 式。try ones best to do sth.“尽某人最大的努力干某事”,固定用法。故填A。【真题演练】(2022天津中考真题)The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree it.A. sellB. sellsC. soldD. to sell. (2022江苏扬州中考真题) the people locked
22、 inside, the firemen broke down the door.A. ReachB. To reachC. ReachingD. To reaching(2022湖南怀化中考真题)The teacher told Jack off the light when he left the classroom.A. turnB. turningC. to turn(2022云南昆明中考真题)Boys and girls, good luck and wish you good grades on your newjourney!A. cuttingB. to cutC. getti
23、ngD. to get(2022江苏连云港中考真题)Kitty, these books are heavy for you carry. Let me helpyou.A. as.asB. too.toC. such.thatD. so.that(2022四川达州中考真题)The local government advises people to other places it isnot necessary during the pandemic.A. travel; unless B. to not travel; if C. not to travel; unless D. not
24、to travel; if(2022四川泸州中考真题)As teenagers, we are not allowed mobile phones into school so thatwe can focus on our schoolwork.A. bringB. to bringC. bringingD. brought(2022重庆中考真题)Mr. Brown told his son not the paintings in the museum.A. touchB. to touchC. touchingD. touched(2022重庆中考真题)The new year is c
25、oming. Teachers encourage us new hobbies.A. developB. developingC. to developD. developed(2021 四川甘孜中考真题)The teachers often tell us more reading.A. doingB. to doC. doesD. do(2021 西藏中考真题)His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us all the time.A.laughsB. laughingC.to laughD. laugh(2021 西藏中考真题)Its very k
26、ind you others when theyre in need.A.for; to helpB. of; to helpC.for; helpingD. of; helping(2017四川眉山中考真题)Im sorry, Miss Green. I left my math book at home.It doesnt matter. Please remember it here tomorrow.A. takingB. to takeC. bringingD. to bring【过关检测】(2022山东济南八年级期中)Ms Zhang did a lot of things mon
27、ey for people who were in need.A. raiseB. to raiseC. raisingD. raised(2022江苏徐州八年级期中)The policeman asked the child cross the street the trafficlights turned green.A. not; whenB. don9t; beforeC. not to;untilD. not to; after(2022江苏徐州八年级期中)There some good advice about how our living conditions.A. is; to
28、 improveB. are; to improveC. is; improvingD. are; improving(2022全国八年级期中)Its time to decide what to do and.A. when to doit B. when to doC.when I shoulddo D. how shouldI do it(2021广东广州市越秀区育才实验学校八年级期中)Fm happy to the party.A. to inviteB. be invitedC.to be invited D. to be invite(2021 广东番禺市桥桥兴中学八年级期中)Th
29、e teacher asked us any noise. Then we stoppedA. to not make, talkingB. not to make, to talkC. not making, talkingD. not to make, talking6. (2021广东北大新世纪正华学校八年级期中)The teacher asks Jack to school early, and tellshim late again.A. to go, not to beB. to go, not beC. going, to be notD. to go, to be not7.
30、(2021 广东北大新世纪正华学校八年级期中)She doesnt know her feelings.A. to how express B. how express to C. to express how D. how to express(2021 广东北大新世纪正华学校八年级期中)The teenagers offered voluntary work in the nursing home.A. doingB. to doC. to doingD. do(2021 广东广州市番禺执信中学八年级期中)一Mr Li, I have trouble with others. What s
31、houldIdo?一Remember to others patiently.A. to communicate; listeningB. to communicate; to listenC. communicating; listeningD. communicating; to listen8. (2021 广东广州市番禺执信中学八年级期中)一It is important for us to know all the subjects.一Yeah, group work is my favourite way.A. how to studyB. how do we studyC. wh
32、at to studyD. to study(2022北京海淀八年级期中)The students decided for a volunteer after-school reading program.A. trying outB. try outC. to try outD. tried out(2021 山东德州经济技术开发区教学研究室八年级期中)The teacher told the students any food into the computer room.A. not to bring B. not bringC. dont bring D. to bring not(2
33、022山东济南八年级期中)The Internet makes it possible for students.A. have online classesB. to have online classesC. will have online classesD. having online classes9. (2022山东济南八年级期中)一Betty, I am not good at English. Could you please help me?一Sure. Til do what I canyou improve your English.A. helpB. to helpC.
34、 helpingD. helped. ( 2022-广东广州市协和中学八年级期中)After you finish the story, do you know what next?A. to write; doing B. writing; doingC. to write; to doD. writing; to do(2022广东广州市培正中学八年级期中)They organized a painting competition children in need.A. helpB , helpingC , helpedD. to help10. (2022河北石家庄市第二十七中学八年级期
35、中)I have difficulty math well.Helen is good at the subject. She can teach you it well.A.to learn, learningB. to learn, tolearn C. learning, learningD. learning, tolearn(2022广东执信中学八年级期中)Mr Wang often lets us our opinions in class.A.to shareB. sharingC. sharedD. share(2022广东执信中学八年级期中)He studies fail i
36、n the exam.A. hardly enough not toB , hard enough not toC. hard enough dontC. hard enough dontD. enough hardly dont40. (2022广东执信中学八年级期中)40. (2022广东执信中学八年级期中)Students are holding an activitymoney for children in need.A. raiseB. to raiseC. raisedD. raising41.(2022江苏苏州中学八年级期中)41.(2022江苏苏州中学八年级期中)Why do
37、 they keep standing there?一They dont seem who for help.A. know; to talk B. know; to talk to C. to know; to talk D. to know; to talk to42. (2022福建泉州八年级期中)My father loves sports. It takes him one hour sports every day.A. to doB, doesC , doing参考答案:7. D【解析】【详解】句意:这幅画对他来说真的很有价值。他永远不会同意卖掉它。考查非谓语动词。agree t
38、o do sth,同意做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故选D。8. B【解析】【详解】句意:为了接触被锁在里面的人,消防员破门而入。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“the people locked inside”的目的是the firemen broke down the door”,作 目的状语用动词不定式。故选B。9. C【解析】【详解】句意:老师告诉杰克离开教室时把灯关掉。考查非谓语。此处是tell sb. to do sth,“告诉某人做某事”的结构,空处用不定式作宾补,故选C。10. D【解析】【详解】句意:男孩女孩们,祝你们好运,在新的征程上取得好成绩!考查非谓语。wish sb.
39、to do sth.“希望某人做某事,是固定短语,用不定式作宾补,故选D。11. B【解析】【详解】句意:基蒂,这些书太重了,你拿不动。我来帮你。考查too.to.结构。asas像一样;tooto太而不能;such.that如此以致于;so.that如此以致于根敏,carry”是动词原形可知,符合too.to结构,表示“太重了拿不动”。故选B。12. D【解析】【详解】句意:当地政府建议人们在疫情期间,如果没有必要,不要前往其他地方。考查非谓语动词和连词辨析。advise sb (not) to do sth”建议某人(不要)做某事”,排除AB。unless除非;if 如果。根据advises
40、 people.to other places可知,it is not necessary during the pandemic”是“The local government advises people.to other places”的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。13. B【解析】【详解】句意:作为青少年,我们不允许把手机带进学校,这样我们就可以集中精力学习。考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth”被允许做某事”,动词不定式作主语补足语,故选B。14. B【解析】【详解】句意:布朗先生告诉他的儿子不要碰博物馆里的画。考查非谓语动词。tell sb (not
41、) to do sth表示“告诉某人(不)要做某事”,动词不定式作宾补,故选B。15. C【解析】【详解】句意:新的一年就要来了。老师鼓励我们培养新的爱好。考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth”鼓励某人做某事”,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选C。16. B【解析】【详解】句意:老师经常告诉我们要多读书。考查动词不定式。doing做,现在分词;tod。做,不定式;does做,三单形式;d。做,原形。根据句子中 “tell us可知,考查短语“tell sb to do”“告诉某人做某事: 不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。17. D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总是使我们开怀大笑。考查非谓语动词。“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”,结合此句型可知,“使某人大笑”为“make sb. laugh”,故选 DoB【解析】【详解】句意:你真是太好了,在别人需要的时候帮助了他们。考查固定句型。分析句子结构,本句是固定句型“It is+形容词+of/forsb. +不定式+其他”结构,it是形式主 语,后面的不定式是真正主语,可据此排除后两项;形容人的特征时用介词of,而for用于指出描述对 象。本句kind表示“善良的”,是“you”的特点,故选B。18. D