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1、（7）阅读理解-健康环保类2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项 汇编1.【2022年安徽安庆二模，阅读C】Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of th
2、e planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.However, at this critical time, farming （a new kind of food technolo
3、gy） is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions （排放物）. It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down
4、 forests and the use of pesticides （杀虫剂）. It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about p
5、lants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms （微生物）.Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food pr
6、oducts built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, c
7、heaper and much less damaging to the living planet.1 .What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown?A.Food production.B.Global farming.C.Industrial fishing.D.Climate breakdown.2 .What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ferming?A.Its benefits.Bits security.C.Its research.D.Its limits.3 .What
8、 will provide the majority of food in the near future?A.Sea animals.B.Wild plants.C.Micro-organisms.D.Farm products.4 .Which of the following best describes the authors attitude to ferming?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Unclear.2 .【2022年河北张家口模拟，阅读C】If you were to throw, say, a banana peel ou
9、t of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that its part of a fruitright? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to biodegrade（生物降解），and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while percent.（例如，尽管生物降解时间相当短，但英国每天
10、仍有120多吨与香烟有关的垃圾被扔掉。同样， 我们经常随地乱扔垃圾导致英国的老鼠数量增加了 6000万。自从20世纪60年代以来，我们每年的 垃圾数量增长了惊人的500%,这突然就不那么神秘了），画线词上文Despite the fact that longer- lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we canft only measure* 以及后文of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime”可知,后文提到人们产生的
11、垃圾数量众多，说明尽管 更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更持久的破坏，但我们不能只通过寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重 性。故画线间意思是“严重性。A.Seriousness严重性;B.Effect影响；C.Variety多样;D.Quantity数 量。故选A。3 .推理判断题。根据第三段Its not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out 500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to 1
12、billion. So, its not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a 20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you disposed of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.（这也不是一个便宜的习惯:英国的纳 税人拿出5亿英镑来保持我们的街道清洁,如果包括我们的绿地，这个数字会上升到10亿英镑。因此, 如果被抓到乱扔垃圾，你可能会面临2万英镑的罚款，甚至坐牢，如果你处理了危险的东
13、西，法院可能会 给你五年的时间，这并不奇怪）可推知，第3段通过提供统计数字而展开的。故选Ao.推理判断题。根据第一段中An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading term to that of a banana, but tin or aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.（橙子皮和烟蒂都有类似于香蕉的生物
14、降解能力，但锡罐和铝罐 的生物降解能力可以长达100年;塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保存）”以及第二 段中“Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we cant only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short bio
15、degrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day.（尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更持久的破坏，但我们不能只通过 寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度。例如，尽管生物降解时间相当短，但英国每天仍有120多吨与香烟 有关的垃圾被扔掉）”结合文章主要说明了不同的垃圾，其生物降解能力不同，但我们也不能只通过寿 命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度，可推知,文章最可能选自科学杂志。故选Co3 .答案：LC;2.B;3.C;4.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Co
16、tton bags have become a means for brands, retailers, and supermarkets to promote a planet-friendly concept- or, at least, to show that the companies are aware of the overuse of plastic in packaging.（棉布包已经成为品牌、零售商和超市宣传保护地球观念的一种方式 一或者至少是展现出这些公司已经意识到了塑料包装的过度使用。尸可知，这些公司提供棉布包的 本质目的是想要标榜他们是环保企业。故选C。4 .推理判
17、断题。根据文章第二段中的So far, so earth- friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the wholehearted embrace of cotton bags may actually have created a new problem.（至目前为止,如此环保吗? 不尽然。事实证明，全心全意地接受棉布包可能造成一个新问题）”以及第三段中的“An organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to offset （抵消）its overall impact of production, ac
18、cording to a 2021 study by the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark.（根据一份丹麦环境食品部门 2021 年的研 究表明，一个有机棉布包需要被使用两万次才能抵消它在生产过程中所产生的全部影响。）”可知，到 目前为止，使用棉布包听上去很环保，但事实并非如此。我们全心接纳的棉布包实际上产生了新的问 题。根据丹麦环境食品部门2021年的研究表明，一个有机棉布包需要被使用两万次才能抵消它在生 产过程中所产生的全部影响，由此可知,棉布包可以对环境造成巨大影响。故选Bo.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的While cotton
19、 can use pesticides and has dried up rivers from water consumption, lightweight plastic bags use greenhouse gas emitting fossil fuels, never break down, and block up the waterways.（虽然棉花使用杀虫剂，并使河流因用水而干涸，但轻型塑料袋使用会排放温室 气体的化石燃料，永远不会分解,并堵塞水道。）”可知，轻便的塑料袋使用会排放出温室气体的化石燃 料生产，无法分解，同时会阻塞河道，由此可知，塑料袋的生产会以污染大气的方式
20、影响环境。故选Co 4.标题归纳题。根据全文内容以及文章第五段中的In the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. *Not every product needs a bag, Comey said.（最后，最简单的解决方案可能是最明显的。科米 说，并不是每个产品都需要一个包。厂可知，全文探讨了棉布包给环境带来的影响和危害，同时提出最 简单的解决办法也是最明显的,即并非所有的产品都需要一个袋子，由此可知，本文的最好标题是:更 少的包装,更好的环境。故选D。5 .答案:l.B;2.A; 3.C;4.D解析：1.推理判断题。根据
21、第一段的By 2050,our global population might have been beyond nine billion, bringing with it an expected 70% increase in global demand for meat and fish. As a result, the growing demand for soya-based farm feed is driving massive destruction of forests at an alarming rate, and sea animal populations have
22、 halved in the last four decades due to widespread overfishing.2050,我们全球 的人口可能会超过90亿，预计全球对肉类和鱼类的需求将增加70%。因此，对以大豆为基础的农场 饲料不断增长的需求正以惊人的速度推动森林的大规模破坏,由于广泛的过度捕捞，海洋动物的数量 在过去四年中减少了一半。）”可知，作者在第一段中通过陈述事实来阐述他的观点的。故选B。2 .词义猜测题。根据第二段的Tn short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the
23、animals that we eat, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and deforestation.（简而言之，该公司正 在利用食物垃圾制造昆虫蛋白来喂养我们吃的动物，同时减少二氧化碳排放和森林砍伐。）”可知，该 句是对前一句的总结，即using food waste to create insect protein（利用食物垃圾制造昆虫蛋白）”可以解 释“convert food waste from farms and factories into a sustainable, organic insect-based protei
24、n feed（将农 场和工厂的食物垃圾转化为可持续的有机昆虫蛋白质饲料厂因此划线短语意为”把转换成”， 即ransform（使改变，使转换）。故选A。3 .推理判断题。根据第三段的Entocycle is a first-class example of how space technology can be 叩plied to address one of the most important global challenges we currently face 一 how to feed the world without harming our planet.（Entocycle是一个
25、一流的例子,展示了如何应用空间技术来解决我们目前面临的最 重要的全球挑战之一:如何在不伤害地球的情况下养活世界。厂可知,Sue O*Hare对Entocycle持支持 的态度。故选C。4 .标题判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段的In short the company is using food waste to create insect protein to feed the animals that we eat, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions anddeforestation.（简而言之，该公司正在利用食物垃圾制造昆虫蛋白来喂养我们吃
26、的动物，同时减少二氧 化碳排放和森林砍伐。）”可知，文章主要讲述的是科学家利用昆虫将食物垃圾转化为可持续的动物 饲料，因此D项（利用昆虫将食物垃圾转化为动物饲料）可以作为标题。故选Do5 .答案：1-4 DAAB解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a professor in Australi
27、a, shows that is already happening. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871 .（动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为。在发表 于生态学趋势杂志的一篇论文中由澳大利亚教授萨拉莱丁领导的进化小组表明，这已经发 生了。例如，自1871年以来，一些种类的澳大利亚鹦鹉的喙的大小增加了 4%到10%）”可知，作者 在第一段中提到澳洲鹦鹉想告诉我们动物正在以自己的方式适应更温暖的气候。故选Do2
28、.推理判断题。根据文章第二段All that fits nicely with evolutionary theory. Allens rule, named after Joe Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages than those in mild areas. Such adaptations boost an animals surface area relative to its body volume
29、, helping it to shed extra heat.（所有这些都很好地符合进化论。以乔艾伦的名字命名的艾伦 法则认为，生活在炎热地区的温血动物的附肢往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物的附肢更大。这 样的适应性提高了动物的体表面积相对于身体体积的比例，帮助它排出多余的热量）”可知，拥有更 大的身体部位的好处是可以排除额外的热量。故选A。3 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beak
30、s might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.（由于任何进化适应都会带来权衡，因此尚不清楚这 一过程会走多远。例如，较大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量 才能成长）”可知，动物的变化是有代价的。故选A。4 .主旨大意题。根据第一段Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behavior.（动物 将不得不依靠改变自
31、己的身体或行为）”以及全文大意，本文主要讲述了全球变暖的影响可以在动物 身上看到，数百种物种显示出适应气候变暖的迹象。文章具体叙述了气候变化与进化的联系。B 项：Evolution to Survive Heat（在高温下生存的进化）符合题意。故选B。6.答案：l.B;2.B;3.C; 4.D解析：1 .推理判断题。根据第一段中when a really essential item that you had to order online arrives in such an unbelievable amount of packaging that it makes you feel li
32、ke its an unprepared game of passing the parcel.（当你必须在网上订购的一件非常重要的物品以难以置信的数量的包装到达时，你会觉得这 是一个毫无准备的传递包裹的游戏）和第二段中In fact, 10 million tonnes of packaging waste are produced in the UK every year. A lot of this ends up in landfill, two-thirds of which could have instead been recovered.（事实上，英国每年会产生1000万吨的包
33、装垃圾。许多垃圾最终被填埋，其中三分之二 本可以被回收）可推知，第一、二段告诉我们过度包装在生活中是常有的事。故选B。2 .细节理解题。根据第三段中The good news, however, is that how packaging waste is managed is in for a BIG shake-up in line with the polluter pays principle,（不过，好消息是，包装垃圾的管理方式将根 据污染者付费原则进行重大改革）和第五段中What this means is that instead of local authorities pic
34、king up the bill for household waste management, companies will have instead to pay for managing your household packaging waste（这意味着，不是由地方政府来为家庭垃圾管理买单，而是由公司来为家 庭包装垃圾的管理买单）可知,按照新的法律，污染者,即产品生产者，将负责支付包装垃圾处理费用。 故选B。3 .细节理解题。根据第三段中By placing the main point of duty to pay on brand owners, they will be enc
35、ouraged to choose more sustainable packaging options which are recyclable and reusable as much as possible4通过让品牌所有者承担主要的责任，他们将被鼓励选择更可持续的包装方案，尽可能回收和 重复使用）和最后段And, as an added bonus, the new EPR laws on packaging will also mean that producers are required to put clear mandatory （labelling on packaging
36、, for example, this could be RECYCLE” or ”DO NOT RECYCLE”. Of course, we hope that the nDO NOT RECYCLE1 category labelling is the minority. It is aimed that by 2030. 78% of packaging will be recycled in the UK（此外，作为 一个额外的好处，新的EPR包装法还意味着生产者必须在包装上贴上明确的强制性标签，例如,这可 能是”回收或不回收”。当然，我们希望“不回收”类别标签是少数。它的目标是到2
37、030年,78%的包装 将在英国回收），可知，新的EPR法令会促使品牌所有者减少包装浪费，改善包装回收利用状况。故选Co4 .推理判断题。根据第六段中Of course, we hope that the DO NOT RECYCLE1 category labelling is the minority. It is aimed that by 2030, 78% of packaging will be recycled in the UK（当然，我彳门希望不回 收利用类标签是少数。目标是到2030年，英国78%的包装将被回收）可推知，未来网上订购的商品将 用合适数量的可回收包装打包递送。
38、故选D。7 .答案：1-4 CABD解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段ByFusion, founded in 2017 in Los Angeles, California, has worked out a way to put all that plastic waste to good use. It uses machines called Blockers to shape all kinds of plastics, even non-recyclables, into standard building blocks called ByBlocks that can be u
39、sed to build anything.（2017年在加州洛杉矶成立的ByFusion公司已经找到了一种有效利用所有塑料垃圾的 方法。该公司使用一种叫做Blockers的机器来将各种塑料，甚至是不可回收的材料塑成标准的建 筑积木ByBlocks,这种积木可以用来建造任何东西）”可知，成立ByFusion是为了制造绿色建筑材 料。故选C。8 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段Plastic was not invented to be thrown away. * the company states on their website. Plastic is strong, flexible, a
40、nd built to last. This is why plastic isnt the problem. The problem is that we dont have a good plan for its future, so now it is packed into landfills, burned at the edges of towns sending poisonous smoke into the air, and there are continents of it floating at sea killing precious wildlife.（发明塑料不是
41、为了扔掉的，该公司在其网站上表示。塑料结实、柔韧、经久耐 用。这就是为什么塑料不是问题所在。问题是我们对它的未来没有一个好的计划，所以现在它被 填埋，在城镇的边缘被焚烧，向空气中释放有毒的烟雾，还有一些大陆漂浮在海上，杀害珍贵的 野生动物可推断，ByFusion对塑料的看法是用过的塑料没有被认真对待。故选A。9 .推理判断题。根据文章第四段ByBlocks require no glues and are 10 pounds lighter than traditional blocks, making construction work quicker and easier, which m
42、eans no special labor is needed. They wont break into pieces like concrete blocks would. They also create zero waste to make一1 ton of plastic equals I ton of ByBlocks.（ByBlocks不需要胶水，比传统砖块轻10磅，使施工工作更快更容易，这意味着 不需要特殊的劳动力。它们不会像混凝土块那样碎成碎片。它们也不会产生任何浪费一1吨塑料等 于1吨ByBlocks） ”可推断,ByBlocks的实际使用是划算的。故选B。10 细节理解题
43、。根据文章最后一段” If we get up to 9,000 Blocker systems installed around the world by 2025, well make it； said founder Heidi Kujawa.（如果至U 2025 年，我们能在世界各地安装 9000 个 Blocker系统，我们就能做到,创始人Heidi Kujawa说）”可知,让ByFusion达到1亿吨的目标是让 它的设备被广泛使用。故选D。8 .答案：1-4 CBAA解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句 Even small changes in one part of an
44、 ecosystem can have a big impact on another part of it.一个生态系统的一个部分即使发生很小的变化，也会对另一个部分 产生很大的影响。及下文 for example, scientists found that a decrease in the number of bogs（沼泽）was responsible for the falling butterfly population. Once they understood this, they could manage the butterfly population and help
45、 it recovei.例如，科学家们发现沼泽数量的减少是导致蝴蝶数量下降的原因，一旦 他们明白了这一点，他们就可以控制蝴蝶数量并帮助其恢复。可以推测。生态系统的变化会导致 栖息地的丧失和动物的死亡。故选C。9 .词义猜测题。根据文章第三段 Warmer temperatures melt the ice where polar bears live, wrecking their habitat and making it harder for them to find food.气温升高融化了北极熊生活的冰层，破坏了它 们的栖息地，使它们更难找到食物。可以推测，此处为分词作结果状语，高温融
46、化了北极生活环 境中的冰，破坏了它们的栖息地。因此wrecking与damaging意思一致。A.Conserving保护； B.Damaging 毁坏；C.Providing 提供；D.Dominating 支配。故选 B。10 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句Scientists today are concerned about the growing number of species in the world that may soon become extinct. The United Nations, along with many governments, are tryin
47、g to save these endangered species.”今天，科学家们对世界上越来越多的可能很快灭绝的物种感 到担忧。联合国和许多国家的政府正在努力拯救这些濒临灭绝的物种。并结合全文内容可知，此 文主要目的为呼吁我们应该拯救濒危物种，A选项Saving Endanpered Species（拯救濒危物种）作为本 题的标题，符合文意。故选A。11 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段句子 There are several ways that people are trying to help endangered species recover.有几种方法，人们正试图帮助濒危物种恢复。
48、及下文所给出的例子可知，作者在下 段应该介绍一些其余帮助濒危物种恢复的方法。故选A。driving, thats a whole lot of thrown-away banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading term to that of a banana, but tin or aluminum cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bott
49、les, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we cant only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in theUK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UKs r