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1、三十选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解AA week into the stay-at-home order. I longed for connection. But not the kind available from a screen. Inside my wallet I found 10 stamps, and I put out a tweet: “Today I am going to write letters to send through the post. Direct message me your s
2、nail mail address if you want a random letter.On the first day, I wrote to strangers in Arizona, California, Missouri, New York, Texas and Washington. The next day, I wrote to an 11 -year-old who was born in Plano, Texas, where I grew up. I wrote to a letter carrier from Minnesota who requested a le
3、tter for himself. The 10 stamps ran out quickly, so I restocked. By the time Id finished sending a letter to anyone who requested one, Id written over 50 letters to addresses in almost every state.I am “very online”, so its obviously much easier to reach far more than one person at a time with a twe
4、et. But the process of sitting down to compose a letter by hand, addressing an envelope and stamping it is filled with extra intention. It feels like a way to show an old-fashioned kind of caring, the kind that can travel the distance and be similar to a hug.I wanted to be frank about signaling the
5、letters came from a real human, and nothing automatic, so finding ways to personalize each one was key. When I ran out of my personal letter paper, I found my four-year-old daughter Isas doodles in a notebook and wrote my letters on those pages.I never expected replies. The satisfaction for me was i
6、n writing to people and knowing theyd receive something rare. But the replies ended up being the best part. I received dozens of handwritten replies. People wrote to me about how they were spending their time. A lot of letters included wishes for what comes out of this crisis. The one consistent hop
7、e was that the attention were paying to each other can continue in the next phase of our living history.【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己疫情期间给陌生人寄信的经历，感悟到寄 信给人们一种亲密感。1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. The author had long-standing friends all over America.B. The author selected a stranger in each state
8、 to receive a letter.C. The authors act of sending handwritten letters was well-received.D. The authors attempts to write to everyone asking for a letter were in vain.【解析】选c0推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，作者写信的行为受到了欢迎。故选C。2. How does the author feel about snail mail?A. It enjoys popularity among close friends.B
9、. It gives people a sense of closeness.C. It is really old-fashioned.D. It is relatively inefficient.【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者认为寄信给人们一种亲密感。故选B。3. What was the best part of writing letters to strangers according to the author?A. Receiving constant attention from strangers.B. Getting answers from th
10、e recipients.C. Supporting each other during the crisis.D. Writing all the letters by hand.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，作者认为给陌生人写信最好的部分是从收件人那里得到回复。故选B。BCrying is generally associated with negative emotions like being sad or frustrated, making this natural emotional state something that many people try t
11、o avoid. Yet a new study, which sought to better understand the physiological function of shedding tears, suggests that crying is actually kind of good for you. Specifically, it turns out that crying supports the regulation（调控） of breathing during a stressful event.Sharman headed the research and sa
12、id crying was previously thought to help humans deal with stressful situations, which led them to testing the idea. Researchers invited 197 undergraduate students to watch sad videos for 17 minutes. About half of them ended up crying. All of the students then participated in the Cold Pressor Stress
13、Test. Researchers monitored their heart and respiration activity during this stress test.Researchers were surprised when they found that those who cried were not better able to deal with the stress test than those who did not cry. However, they did come across an unexpected finding: evidence that pa
14、rticipants who cried were better able to regulate their breathing.“Firstly, crying doesnt seem to provide any change to stress hormones（激素）or our ability to deal with physical stress to a degree that might be meaningful if you hurt yourself. Secondly, what was our main finding, is that crying seems
15、to assist in keeping our body stable and calm by slowing down and regulating our breathing and our heart rate,“ Sharman told PsyPost.However, there are some limitations to the findings. We dont know if these reactions are typical in real-world settings where you might be crying because of sadness or
16、 loss, for example, or if there are differences if someone else is present with you when you cry, Sharman said.【文章大意】本文为说明文。主要说明了实验证明哭泣并不能帮助人类应对压力，但是在有 压力的情况下，哭泣有助于调节呼吸。4. What does the underlined word “respiration” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Blood-pressure.B. Breathing.C. Brain.D. Muscle.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根
17、据第一段最后一句以及第四段最后一句可以看出，研究人员 主要的发现为哭泣对呼吸的作用，因此推测，研究人员在压力测试中监测了心脏和呼吸活动。 由此推测，画线词意为“呼吸二故选B。5. Why did the researchers do the research?A. To help people to avoid negative emotions.B. To better understand breathing in stressful situations.C. To prove an already existing thought about crying.D. To find out
18、 whether people cry when watching sad videos.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，之前人们认为哭泣有助于人类应对压力，这促使他们对这一想法进行了测试。故选c06. What can we infer from the passage?A. The undergraduate students are more likely to cry.B. Crying is very helpful for us to deal with stress.C. That crying helps regulate breathing was found
19、 accidentally.D. Sharman is sure that the research findings agree with reality.【解析】选Co推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，这一研究结果属于实验中的意外发现。 故选C。7. Where can you probably read the passage?A. A biology textbook.B. A sports report.C. A travel brochure.D. A health magazine.【解析】选Do推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，本文向读者介绍了科研人员最新的与健 康相关的研究发现
20、，因此最有可能在“健康杂志”中读到该文。故选D。II.语法填空（2022武汉模拟）What is the weather like up on Mount Everest today? Last year a bunch of 1.（courage） scientists and Sherpas installed （安装）the words 2.（high） weather station at 8, 430 metres. But it almost didnt happen.Having been stuck behind a line of climbers, the team wer
21、e dangerously cold when they reached their destination. We paced around to avoid getting frostbite （冻伤）as the temperature 3.(stay) close to -30 and our drill batteries became too cold to work, “said Loughborough University9s Tom Matthews on the conversation. 4.(lucky)team member Phutasi Sherpa had e
22、nough body heat 5.(warm) up the batteries and get the drill going 6. The team was able to install 7.(they) weather station to the side of the mountain.The data from this extreme weather station is enabling scientists to directly keep 8.close eye on the jet stream and understand 9.Himalayan climate i
23、s changing. Early-stage measurements 10.(publish) in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society are already overturning assumptions. They showed that melting may even be possible on the summit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一群科学家攀爬山峰安装气象站来调查如今珠 穆朗玛峰气候现状的经历。1 .【解析】courageous。考查形容词。句意：去年，一群勇敢的科学家和夏尔巴人在海
24、拔8 430 米的地方安装了世界上最高的气象站。名词scientists前用形容词修饰，故填courageous。2 .【解析】highesto考查形容词最高级。分析句子和句意可知，句中形容词前有the,所以要 用形容词最高级。故填highest。3 .【解析】stayed。考查时态。根据上文Last year可知，本文讲述的是过去发生的事情,as后 接从句。故填stayed。4 .【解析】Luckilyo考查副词。句意：幸运的是，队员Phutasi Sherpa有足够的体温来加热电 池，让钻孔工作继续进行。句中用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。5 .【解析】towarm。考查非
25、谓语动词。根据句意可知，这里表目的，所以用不定式结构。故填 to warmo6 .【解析】again/ono 考查副词。根据前文“our drill batteries became too cold to work”可知，这 里用体温使钻孔工作继续进行。故填again/on。7【解析】their。考查代词。分析句子结构可知，动词install后接宾语，所以名词weather station前they要用形容词性物主代词their形式。故填their08 .【解析】a。考查冠词。表示“密切关注”是keep an eye on,可数名词eye是单数形式，且形 容词close发音以辅音音素开头。故
26、填ao.【解析】how。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构,understand后是一个宾语从句，句中缺少方 式状语，所以用连接副词howo故填howo9 .【解析】published。考查非谓语动词。名词measurements与publish是被动关系，所以用 过去分词作后置定语。故填publishedoIII.读后续写Adventures Through the GorgeWe put the raft in the calm, cold water. I looked down. The water was like a mirror. It was a foggy morning, so I
27、 could barely make out what was down the river. When we took our places in the raft, I was in the back with my dad right across from me. Our tour guide was telling us the basics of rafting, and it seemed she was patronizing us! I was terrified. Since I was in the back, I was sure I would be the one
28、to fall out. But I have always been an optimist, so I thought it would turn out okay.Then I looked up and saw a big, gray cloud. I looked down at the river, and it started to get louder and closer to us; soon raindrops pelted down. Once we moved out of the rain, the clouds faded away, and the sun wa
29、s shining down on us for the rest of the day. As I looked around, I saw the monstrous, green trees standing over me. It was beautiful.As we moved farther down the river, I heard the water flowing gracefully. When we moved deeper into the gorge, it got louder and louder. This was our first rapids. It
30、 seemed that we were approaching the rapids slowly, but we were at the top of the rapids in the blink of an eye. It felt like time was frozen. I was so excited and nervous; I thought I was going to die. It was a bumpy ride down. Getting splashed with water, we raced up and down the rocks. There was
31、not a patch of dry skin on us by the time we hit the bottom.After we got through the rapids, I was so excited! Going down made me feel I could do anything. Our tour guide told us we were going to approach Category V rapids. It was more intense than the Category I rapids, and I got a little more nerv
32、ous. It took us a little while to get to the rapids because we had to go down a long river. We were allowed to jump off the raft and swim down the river until we had to get back in.注意：续写词数应为150左右。About three minutes later, the Category V was coming.After racing down all of the rapids, I was no longe
33、r scared.【参考范文】About three minutes later, the Category V was coming. The raft raced down the rapids. Water was splashing on the rocks, letting out louder noise. Screaming all the way down, I saw white water all over. I was so nervous because there were five big solitary rocks sticking out. If a litt
34、le careless, we might hit one and get turned upside down. In the blink of an eye, we turned around the last huge rock, entering a small calm ride. When we settled at the bottom, I wanted to go back up and do it all again.After racing down all of the rapids, I was no longer scared. What did you think
35、 about that Category V rapids? ” my dad asked. I was super nervous at first. But when we hit the bottom, I wanted to do it once more. ” Would you say you become more confident of yourself? ” he continued. Yes, I would say I become much more confident of myself. I smiled. We walked towards our campsite.