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1、-英美报刊选读 一、教学目的 通过本课程的学习，使学员对英美报刊有一个清晰的了解，认识英美报刊语言、文体、词汇、语法等基本特点，掌握英美报刊阅读的基本知识及技巧，为独立阅读英美报刊打下良好的基础。 二、教材特点 与该课程旧教材（第1版）相比，本教材具有以下特点：1为使学生改变以往依赖教师和英汉词典的学习习惯，培养他们独自排解疑难词语的能力，编者不但向他们推荐工具书，并教授他们使用方法；为使他们能加深对词汇的记忆，还介绍词法和重要词根及词缀。2为使学生掌握必要的新闻词语和扩大词汇量，本书在“新闻词语解说”中尽量结合课文，讲透疑难词语。此外还列出一些与这些词语或课文内容有关的课外词汇。3为使学生掌
2、握必要的读报知识，本书在“背景知识”中尽量结合课文，介绍重要的并时常见诸报端的人物、党派和组织机构等，并举例说明其重要性。4为使学生对新闻写作有一个大致的认识，加深对课文的理解，编者较系统地说明标题的若干特点，对新闻体裁的分类、导语和写作特点及常语等做了简介。 三、教学内容 英美报刊选读为省开课程。1授课内容：重点为第1、3、4、5、6、8、13、15、17、19、20、21、24、28、30课（共15课），其它内容主要供自学。2课时安排：a) 学员自学：2学时/周，共30学时学完15课。b) 面授辅导：4学时/次，共4次。每学时辅导一课，最后一学时复习。3作业：共四次，在湖北电大网站英语本科
3、网页上下载，课后完成，交辅导教师批改，评分，作为平时成绩的主要依据。学员完成作业后，可浏览网页上的“答案及详解”，以加深理解，检查自己掌握的情况四、教学建议 教师授课时应以学生为中心，鼓励学生自己去探索和获取知识。在上课时，可要求学生先回答每课后的练习题 Questions,使他们基本了解课文的主要内容。然后，再逐段或跳跃式选段对学生需要掌握的内容、新闻词语和背景知识进行阅读和问答式方式讲解。如果备课充分，学生的英语水平又高，教员可采用美英教员教授母语的方法，抛开课本或讲义，只讲有关课文的重点词语、背景知识和写作手法等。这样，学生除预习外，课后还要结合教员在课堂上所讲的内容好好复习课文。这两种
4、授课方式的好处是，使学生通过自学（指预习）和教师的指导，自己主动去掌握知识。与以教员为中心的灌输式教学方式相比，学生更能巩固所学，并使他们今后更能发挥学习潜能。此外，这也使有的教员摆脱了那种课文注释那么详细而觉得在课堂上没有多少可讲的被动地位和局面。当然，这只是本人的实践和看法。我相信在调动学生主动学习的积极性方面还有更多、更好的教学法。五.考试说明“英美报刊选读”期末考试题型介绍 1报刊名称及常见报刊词汇英译汉：十小题，每题2分，共20分内容以辅导书的附录为主.2阅读理解：2篇文章，选自作业题，选择题或判断题，共40分。3阅读与翻译：一篇文章，选自教材重点课目练习，共40分。1)问答题：20
5、分。 2).段落英译汉：20分。六.课程辅导英美报刊选读辅导一 Newspapers and Headlines Do you have the habit of reading newspapers in English?What newspapers do you like to read?The following is a list of the major newspapers in Britain and the United States. The major newspapers in Britain Dailies Sundays The Times News of the
6、World The Guardian The Observer Financial Times The Sunday People The Daily Telegraph Sunday Mirror Daily Express The Sunday Telegraph Daily Mail The Sunday Times Daily Mirror The major daily newspapers in the United States New York Times USA Today Washington Post Chicago Daily Tribune Los Angeles T
7、imes Detrolt News Wall Street Journal New York Daily News Christian Science Monitor Newspapers ,along with reporting the news ,instruct ,entertain, and give opinions. A newspaper has separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business ,entertainment, opinions, comics, classified
8、 ads,etc. You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper.For example, when you read a newspaper you usually look quickly at headlines first. Newspaper headlines have a language of their own and it is necessary to learn about it.Please read the following headlines: Moscow offici
9、al wounded by gunmen Earthquake rocks Turkey Husband to sue wife Boy on cliff rescued Young Sudanese refugees endured famine, separations from family From above we can see two prominent features of English newspaper headlines: Headlines are almost always in the present tense and even future events a
10、re put in the present tense。 Headlines generally omit unnecessary words, especially articles and the verb to be.And is often replaced by a comma. Newspaper headlines can be classified into several types: Straight headlines give you the main topic of the story.They are the most common type of headlin
11、e and are the easiest to understand. Snow has chilling effects on South Clinton offers Bush advice. Headlines that ask a question,report a future possibility or offer some doubt about the truth or accuracy of the story. Can technology fix ballot woes? Do market analysts have bad aim or bad intention
12、s? Headlines that contain a quotation which is important or which shows that a statement is not proven. Mother:Let my baby go “We wont quit” Double headlines are two-part headlines for the same story and are often used for major events. How Express broke diplomatic silence HUSH-UP ON “SPY” ENVOYS Fe
13、ature headlines are used for stories that are either highly unusual or amusing.Headlines for such stories try to be as clever as possible to catch the readers interest. Teletubbles maker seeks funds for expansion Dead student fell under the crush during clashes英美报刊选读辅导二 Understanding Headline Vocabu
14、lary English newspaper headlines use a special vocabulary.A headline contracts a lot of information into a short space and hence in headlines we often see Short words used instead of long ones e.g. aid=assist bare=expose or reveal; blast=explode probe=investigation woo=seek to win Abbreviations such
15、 as short names which can be used when they are likely to be identified by the reader.Also initials are used whenever possible. e.g. Close-up on WILL(WILL=Willam Shakespeare) Yard smash airport gang(Yard=Scotland Yard) MP slams hospital delay(MP=member of Parliament) shortened words and slang e.g. W
16、eekly mag for stamp lovers to be launched(mag=magazine) Br fly into stormover plgeon ban(Br=Britain) Olivier denies “blackmail” jibe(jibe=an insulting attack) The following is a list of words with their common headline meanings.Try to be famillar with these words. Word Common headline meaning Exampl
17、 Accord agreement Accord possible today Air to make known TV airs “facts” on arms delivery Assail to criticize strongly Russ assails US on A-tests Axe to dismiss from a job Governor to axe aide? Back to support Algeria backs decision to ignore dollar Balk to refuse to accept Union balks at court ord
18、er Bar not to allow Club faces shutdown for barring women Bid attempt Bid to open border offer Union rejects latest bid Bilk to cheat Clerk bilks company of $1m Blast(noun) explosion;strong criticism Tanker blast near Manila (verb) criticize strongly MP blasts democrats strike with explosives blaze
19、fire Blaze kills three cite mention Management cites labor unrest for shutdown claim to declare to be true Man claims ghost sighting claim(claim to kill Bombs claim40 the life of) clash(noun) battle; dispute Marine dies in clash (verb) disagree strongly;fight Mayor clashes with city council cool uni
20、nterested; unfriendly Moscow cool to aid offer curb limit; control Sunday driving curbs planned deadlock a disagreement that Jury deadlock in kidnap trial cannot be settled drive a strong well-planned effort Cancer drive exceeds goal by a group for a particular purpose due expected Greek FM due toda
21、y eye to watch with interest Womens groups eye court vote ease to reduce or loosen Rome eases martial law eve the day before Violence on eve of independence fault to find in the wrong Study faults police feud dispute; Border feud danger to regional peace strong disagreement flay accuse;criticize str
22、ongly US flays Russia foe opponent; enemy Clinton talks with congressional foes foil to prevent from succeeding FBI folls bid to hijack plane to Iran grip to take hold of Cholera fear grips Japan gut to destroy completely by fire Years biggest fire guts 178 homes head off to prevent President heads
23、off rail strike heist theft Jewel heist foiled hold keep in police control; 7 held for smuggling arrest ink to sign Thailand,Malaysia ink sea treaty key very important Govt.wins key vote kick off to begin Fiery speech kicks off campaign lash out criticize strongly; College heads lash out at NUS accu
24、se laud to praise PM lauds community spirit line position;demand Israel softens line launch to begin Police launch anti-drug drive link connected to Fungus linked to mystery diseas loom expected in the near Treaty dispute looming future loot(noun) stolen money or goods Police recover loot (verb) unl
25、awful taking away of Rioters loot stores goods valuable nab to capture Gang leader nabbed net to take possession of; Customs check nets over $2m capture nod approval Minister seeks nod for oil saving plan office an important government Minister quits,tired of office position opt choose;decide Swiss
26、opt to back tax for churches oust to take power away from Votersoust incumbents pact a solemn agreement Peace pact today? Plea deeply felt request Mothers plea;Let me see my baby a statement in court indicating Guilty pleas expected guilt or innocence Guilty pleas expected pledge promise IOC pledges
27、 support poised ready for action Workers poised to strike poll election October poll? Voting station Voters go to the polls in Japan Post position in government, Unknown gets key Cabinet post Business Probe investigation Governor orders fire probe Prompt to cause Court decision prompts public anger
28、Rage to burn out of control Forest fire rages Rap(noun) accusation charge Corruption rap unfair says senator (verb) criticize Safety commission raps auto companies rock to shock;to surprise Govt.report rocks stock market rout defeat completely Rebels routed,leave 70 dead row a quarrel Oil price row
29、may bring down govt. rule decide Court rules out PLO talks sack dismiss from a job Jail chief sacked sack(from to search thoroughly and rob 14 held for US embassy sacking “ransack”) set decided on;ready IMF talks set for April slay to kill or murder 2 slain in family row snag problem;difficulty Last
30、 minute snag hits arms talks snub to pay no attention to Protestants snub Ulster peace bid soar to rise rapidly Inflation rate soars spark to cause;to lead to action Frontier feuding sparks attack stalemate a disagreement that cannot be settled New bid to break hostage stalemate stall making no prog
31、ress Peace effort in Lebanon stalled stance attitude;way of thinking New stance toward power cuts stem to prevent or stop Rainy season stems refugee exit sway to influence or persuade President fails to sway union-strike set swindle an unlawful way of getting money Stock swindle in NY thwart prevent
32、 from being successful Honduras attack thwarted ties relations Vietnam ties soon? Trim to cut Senate trims budget Trigger to cause Killing triggers riot Vie to compete Irish top ranks vie for office Void to determine to be invalid Voting law voides by court Vow a solemn promise Police chief vows to
33、catch kidnappers Weigh to consider Bush weights tax increase 英美报刊选读辅导三 The Newspaper Lead The first paragraph of a news story is called the lead. It almost always gives you the storys main topic and most important facts. When you read a newspaper lead sentence, try to find the subject and main verb
34、and note how the rest of the sentence adds information to the subject and main verb. Anwar Sadat Assassinated at Cairo Military Review CAIRO,October7-Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, a modern-day pharaoh who attempted to lead the Arab world toward a permanent Mideast peace with Isreal, was assassinat
35、ed yesterday by a band of soldiers who attacked a military parade reviewing stand with automatic rifles and hand grenades. Note that a great deal of information is included in a single sentence.The writer has organized the sentence around the subject(Egyptian President Anwar Sadat)and main verb(was
36、assassinate) very carefully. The lead sentence usually does the following: Answers questions such as “who?” “what?” “where?” “when?” “result?” Adds background to help you better understand the story or State where the source of the story comes from. 英美报刊选读辅导四 Read the News Story In most news stories
37、 the most important facts will be found near the beginning-usually within the first two or three paragraphs.The remainder of the story will give details explaining and clarifying the main points,or introducing new,but less important information. The following is a formula for a typical news story; P
38、aragraph One The storys subject and most important facts. Paragraph Two Important facts that the writer was unable to include in the lead; Information to clarify the facts in the lead; A particularly important quote. The rest of the story Specific details to answer readers questions; Statements and
39、opinions by people involved in the story or by outside observers; Background information; New,but less important facts. Accordingly, when you read a news story, you are to: Read the beginning of the story very carefully because it contains the most important fact. Try to look for more facts than tho
40、se given in the lead. If you dont understand something at the beginning of a story, keep reading for a second(and perhaps a third) chance to understand. 英美报刊选读辅导五 Reading the Feature Story in a Newspaper In most news stories the main points come very early and less impotant information comes later.T
41、here is another kind of story_the feature story which follows a different format,the feature format. Popular Magazines and Magazine Articles Reading popular magazines is a good way to enlarge our vocabulary and learn a little bit about many topics in English.The following is a list of major magazines in Britain and the United States. Magazines in Britain The Economist