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1、用MATLAB 进行图像处理算法的界面设计目 录33353434361、设计目的:综合运用MATLAB工具箱实现图像处理的GUI程序设计， 利用MATLAB图像处理工具箱，设计与实现自己的Photoshop 。2、题目分析 利用matlab的GUI程序设计一个简单实用的图像处理程序。该程序应具备图像处理的常用功能，以满足用户的使用。现设计程序有以下基本功能：1）图像的读取与保存。2）设计图形用户界面，让用户能够对图像进行任意的亮度与对比度变化调整，显示与对比变换前后的图像。3）设计图形用户界面，让用户能够用鼠标选取图像感兴趣区域，显示与保存该选择区域。4）编写程序通过最近邻插值与双线性插值等算
2、法将用户所选取的图像区域进行放大与缩小整数倍的操作，并保存，比较几种插值的效果。5）图像直方图统计与直方图均衡，要求显示直方图统计，比较直方图均衡后的效果。6）能对图像加入各种噪声，并通过几种滤波算法实现去噪并显示结果。7）额外功能。3、总体设计 图一软件的总体设计界面布局如上图所示，主要分为2个部分：显示区域与操作区域。显示区域：显示载入原图，以及通过处理后的图像。操作区域：通过功能键实现对图像的各种处理。在截图中可见，左部为一系列功能按键如“还原”、“撤销”、“截图”等等 ；界面正中部分为图片显示部分，界面中下方为系列功能切换选择组。设计完成后运行的软件界面如下： 图二 与图一先比，运行后
3、的界面更为简洁。利用“编辑”菜单可调出相应的功能键。例如：4、具体设计现介绍各个功能模块的功能与实现。通过Menu Editor创建如下菜单，通过以下菜单来控制显示或隐藏功能按键以“编辑”菜单中“图像变形”中的“图像翻转”为例说明实现用户界面功能键“图像翻转”的显示与隐藏。实现该功能的程序段如下：function tuxiangfanzhuan_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to tuxiangfanzhuan (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a f
4、uture version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)set(handles.uipanel7,Visible,on);if strcmp(get(gcbo, Checked),on) set(handles.uipanel7,Visible,on); set(gcbo, Checked, off); set(handles.uipanel7,Visible,off);else set(gcbo, Checked, on);end该段程序通过设置“图像翻转”功能键对应的句柄uipan
5、el7中的“Visible”属性的开关来实现该功能键的显示隐藏。其他同理。4.2图像的读取与保存。 （1）利用“文件”菜单中的“打开”、“保存为”分别实现图片的读取与保存。利用matlab中 “ uigetfile”、“imread” “imshow”实现图像文件的读取与显示：function openfile_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to openfile (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB%
6、 handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)filename,pathname=uigetfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,载入图像);if isequal(filename,0)|isequal(pathname,0) errordlg(没有选中文件,出错); return;else file=pathname,filename; global S %设置一个全局变量S，保存初始图像路径，以便之后的还原操作 S=file; x=imread(file); set(handles.axes1,Hand
7、leVisibility,ON); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(x); set(handles.axes1,HandleVisibility,OFF); axes(handles.axes2); imshow(x); handles.img=x; guidata(hObject,handles);end程序关键部分： 通过filename,pathname=uigetfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,载入图像)选择相应路径打开的图像；通过file=pathname,filename; x=imread(file); 读取选中的图像；最后，通过im
8、show(x)在显示区域上显示图像。（2）图像保存。利用“uiputfile”、“imwrite”函数实现图像文件的保存。function save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to save (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) sfilename ,sfilepath=uiput
9、file(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,保存图像文件,untitled.jpg); if isequal(sfilename,sfilepath,0,0) sfilefullname=sfilepath ,sfilename; imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); else msgbox(你按了取消键,保存失败); end程序关键部分：通sfilename ,sfilepath=uiputfile(*.jpg;*.bmp;*.tif;*.*,保存图像文件,untitled.jpg)选择图像文件保存的路径与格式；然后，通过sfilefullname
10、=sfilepath ,sfilename;imwrite(handles.img,sfilefullname); 实现对图像的保存。（3）程序的退出。 function exit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to exit (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)clc;close a
11、ll;close(gcf);clear;4.3对图像进行任意的亮度与对比度变化调整，显示与对比变换前后的图像。 运行程序后，通过“编辑”菜单中的“常用处理”选中“亮度调节”在显示出相应的功能键后，通过载入读取图像，比并进行处理，效果如下：亮度处理前： 亮度处理后：实现程序段如下：% - Executes on button press in radiobutton12.function radiobutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to radiobutton12 (see GCBO)% eventdat
12、a reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hint: get(hObject,Value) returns toggle state of radiobutton12global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage; prompt=调整倍数; defans=1; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); y=imad
13、just(handles.img, , ,p1); %亮度调节 imshow(y); handles.img=y; guidata(hObject,handles);对比度处理前：对比度处理后（增强3倍）：对比度减弱1.5倍后：实现程序段如下：function uipanel10_SelectionChangeFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to uipanel10 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% hand
14、les structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Tstr=get(hObject,string);axes(handles.axes2);switch str case增强 T=getimage; prompt=输入参数:; defans=1; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=immultiply(handles.img,p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); case减弱
15、T=getimage; prompt=输入参数:; defans=1; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imdivide(handles.img,p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles);end 该程序段主要通过 f=immultiply(handles.img,p1); p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans);分别实现图像对比度的增强与减弱。 44 用鼠标选取图像感兴趣区域，显示与保存该选择区域。 通过imcrop(x)函
16、数来实现对图片某一区域的截取，截取的图片在右框中显示。结合“保存为”,可把截图处理后的图片保存在指定路径。实现程序段如下：% - Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with hand
17、les and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;x=imcrop(handles.img); %截图imshow(x);handles.img=x;guidata(hObject,handles);4.5 图像转化为灰度图像。由于在matlab中较多的图像处理函数支持对灰度图像进行处理，故对图像进行灰度转化十分必要。可利用rgb2gray（X）函数对其他图像进行灰度图像的转化。转化实例如下：实现程序段如下：% - Executes on button press in radiobutton16.fun
18、ction radiobutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to radiobutton16 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hint: get(hObject,Value) returns toggle state of radiobutton16 global T
19、axes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;x=rgb2gray(handles.img); %RGBimshow(x);handles.img=x;guidata(hObject,handles);放大与缩小整数倍的操作。通过imresize(X，n，mode)函数对图像X进行放大或者缩小。N放大缩小倍数，mode为采用的方式。 通过处理后可发现保存的图片的比原图放大了（缩小了）。实现的程序段如下：function uipanel9_SelectionChangeFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to uipa
20、nel9 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Tstr=get(hObject,string);axes(handles.axes2);switch str case最近邻插值 T=getimage; prompt=输入参数:; defans=2; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1);
21、 f=imresize(handles.img,p1,nearest); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); case双线性插值 T=getimage; prompt=输入参数:; defans=1; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imresize(handles.img,p1,bilinear); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles);end4.7图像直方图统计与直方图均衡。 （1）通过
22、histeq（X）函数实现直方图均衡。因为此函数只能对灰度图像进行直方图均衡。故应先将彩图转为灰度图像。在上一步的基础上对第二幅图进行直方图均衡：直方图均衡实现程序段如下：% - Executes on button press in pushbutton7.function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% ha
23、ndles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;h=histeq(handles.img); imshow(h);handles.img=h;guidata(hObject,handles); 关键部分：通过 h=histeq(handles.img)进行直方图均衡 （2）直方图统计。通过利用imhist(X)函数来实现直方图统计。% - Executes on button press in pushbutton8.function pushbutto
24、n8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);x=imhist(handles.img); %直方图统计x1=x(1:10:256);horz=1:10:256;bar(horz,x1);a
25、xis(0 255 0 15000);set(handles.axes2,xtick,0:50:255);set(handles.axes2,ytick,0:2000:15000);注意：横纵坐标的范围应选取适当，否则，统计图表有可能超出范围。4.8加入各种噪声，并通过几种滤波算法实现去噪。（1）加入噪声。通过imnoise(I,type,parameters)来加入各种噪声。加入椒盐噪声加入高斯噪声：加入乘性噪声：实现程序段如下：function uipanel4_SelectionChangeFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle
26、to uipanel4 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Tstr=get(hObject,string);axes(handles.axes2);switch str case 椒盐噪声 T=getimage; prompt=数日椒盐噪声参数1:; defans=0.02; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans);
27、p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,salt & pepper,p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); case 高斯噪声 T=getimage; prompt=输入高斯噪声1:,输入高斯噪声2; defans=0,0.02; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); p2=str2num(p2); f=imnoise(handles.img,gaussian,p1,p2); imshow(f); handles.img=
28、f; guidata(hObject,handles); case 乘性噪声 T=getimage; prompt=输入乘性噪声1:; defans=0.02; p=inputdlg(prompt,input,1,defans); p1=str2num(p1); f=imnoise(handles.img,speckle,p1); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); end（2）滤除噪声（椒盐噪声）。滤波前中值滤波后线性滤波后自适应滤波后实现程序段如下：function uipanel5_SelectionChangeFcn(
29、hObject, eventdata, handles) %图像滤波% hObject handle to uipanel5 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Tstr=get(hObject,string);axes(handles.axes2);switch str case 中值滤波 T=getimage; k=medfilt2(handl
30、es.img); imshow(k); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles); case 线性滤波 T=getimage; h=1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1; H=h/9; i=double(handles.img); k=convn(i,h); imshow(k,); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handles); case 自适应滤波 T=getimage; k=wiener2(handles.img,5,5); imshow(k); handles.img=k; guidata(hObject,handle
31、s);end 低通滤波器滤波后高通滤波器滤波后实现程序如下：% - Executes on button press in pushbutton14.function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton14 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDA
32、TA)axes(handles.axes2);y1=handles.img; f=double(y1); % 数据类型转换，matlab不支持图像的无符号整型的计算g=fft2(f); % 傅里叶变换g=fftshift(g); % 转换数据矩阵M,N=size(g);nn=2; %二阶巴特沃斯低通滤波器d0=50; %截止频率50m=fix(M/2); n=fix(N/2);for i=1:M for j=1:N d=sqrt(i-m)2+(j-n)2); h=1/(1+0.414*(d/d0)(2*nn); % 计算低通滤波器传递函数 result(i,j)=h*g(i,j); enden
33、dresult=ifftshift(result);y2=ifft2(result);y3=uint8(real(y2);imshow(y3); % 显示处理后的图像% - Executes on button press in pushbutton15.function pushbutton15_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton15 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% ha
34、ndles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2);x=(handles.img);f=double(x); % 数据类型转换k=fft2(f); % 傅里叶变换g=fftshift(k); % 转换数据矩阵M,N=size(g);nn=2;d0=25; %截止频率25m=fix(M/2); n=fix(N/2);for i=1:M for j=1:N d=sqrt(i-m)2+(j-n)2); % 计算高通滤波器传递函数 if d=d0 h=0; else h=1; end result(i,
35、j)=h*g(i,j); endendresult=ifftshift(result);y2=ifft2(result);y3=uint8(real(y2);imshow(y3); % 显示滤波处理后的图像 通过一个全局变量保存原始图像路径，在需要还原至原始图像时，重新读取该全局变量即可。实现程序段如下：% - Executes on button press in pushbutton9.function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)% e
36、ventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) global S %还原 axes(handles.axes2); y=imread(S); f=imshow(y); handles.img=y;guidata(hObject,handles);4.10 撤销。 撤销上一步的操作。通过另设一个全局变量T保存是上一次操作后的图像。实现程序段如下：- Executes on button press
37、in pushbutton11.function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)axes(handles.axes2); %撤销global Timshow(T);handles.img=T;
38、guidata(hObject,handles); 该程序段只是简单的显示图像的功能，其中全局变量T中储存的是上一步操作处理后的图像信息。在以上的各段功能程序段中可见均有 “T=getimage;”，此句把当前操作前的图像，即上一次操作后的图像信息赋予全局变量T。4.11 图像变形。（1）图像翻转。实现图像的镜像翻转。左右翻转：上下翻转实现程序如下：function uipanel7_SelectionChangeFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) %图像翻转% hObject handle to uipanel7 (see GCBO)% eventdata re
39、served - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)str=get(hObject,string);axes(handles.axes2);global Tswitch str case 左右翻转 T=handles.img; f=fliplr(handles.img); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); case 上下翻转 T=handles.img;
40、f=flipud(handles.img); imshow(f); handles.img=f; guidata(hObject,handles); end程序关键部分：通过f=fliplr(handles.img); f=flipud(handles.img);分别实现左右镜像翻转与上下镜像翻转。（2）图像旋转。实现图像的逆时针旋转任意角度。实现程序段如下：function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles) %图像爱那个旋转% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)global Taxes(handles.axes2);T=getimage;p