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1、考研英语历年真题重点词组与词汇【衍】 ANALYZE ANALYST ANALYTIC ANALYZABLEThe analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police.对谋杀现场标本分析为警察供给了一些有价值线索。approach 接近,靠近解析:【留意】approach后面接地点、人物和目的时是及物动词,否那么是不及物动词。作及物动词时还可引申为探讨,考虑,商洽等义,作名词时,可表示途径,看法等。The time is approaching when we must be o
2、n board.我们上船时间快到了。area 地带,地区解析:【同】district,zone,region【辨析】area表示面积,地区面积较大,但不指行政单位如the area of your hand;region指在地理上有自然界限或有自己特色一个单位,或自治区等行政单位,也可指领域同sphere,realm;district性质较region相近,但一般比region小,如县级区用district ;zone是个环绕区域,有严格边界,如经济特区a recreation area 重新改建地区tropical regions of South America 南美热带地区a resid
3、ential zone 居住区assessment 评估,估算,评价解析:动词assess【同】estimate, appraise, assess, evaluate这些词都表示对客体重要性形成定论estimate示意评价主观性和不精确appraise 表示专业水准评估 ,名词appraisalassess 表示为确定某物应税价值而作出权威估价evaluate 表示在确定价值时经过了深思熟虑,不确定是金钱价值assume 假定, 设想,担当; 承担; 承受解析:【同】suppose【辨析】suppose最不正式,表示根据确定证据作出见解,assume用于逻辑推理,强调一种缺乏证据结论,以检验
4、某种建议。authority 权威, 权利, 权力【pl.】当局, 负责人; 官方; 职权; 答应权利根据, 凭据, 引证权威, 专家解析:the authorities of governmentauthor作者【衍】authorize,authorizationavailable 可用到, 可利用, 有用, 有空, 承受探访解析:【衍】availability availably留意:一般在名词之后,the apple availablebenefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益解析:【同】profit advantage interest 【辨析】advantag
5、e指有利条件,优势 take advantage ofbenefit兼指物质及精神好处profit指利润interest指利息concept n.概念;观念consistent adj. 调和, 稳固 常与with连用与一样解析:【助记法】-sist-表示坚持或力度,静态,构成【衍】consistencyconstitutional adj.构成, 增加体质, 宪法, 拥护宪法解析:【衍】constitute 组成 constitution 宪法context n.上下文, 文章前后关系解析:留意它常用比方意思,表示语境或环境。context-dependent adj. 随上下文确定,与上下
6、文有关context-free adj. 与上下文无关,留意free否认含义,如alcohol-freecontext-sensitive adj.上下文有关contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约解析:Their firm have contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.他们公司已签约承建一座横跨大江两用大桥。法律方面根本意思是含义,the meeting of mindcreate vt.创建, 创作, 引起, 造成解析:【同】compose, invent, design, p
7、roduce, manufacture, make都含“创建意思。create指“有目地把原材料制成新产品; 也指“ 创建出原来不存在或别出心裁事物, Creator 指创建者,上帝,如:Weve created a beautiful new building from out of an old ruin.我们从废墟上创立了一幢美丽新楼。compose 指“ 创作(诗、画、音乐或文章等)com是在一起,pose指放置 如:The poet composed a new poem.这位诗人创作了一首新诗。design 指“制作某物之前深思熟虑地构思, 如:It was he that des
8、igned the garden.这个花园是他设计。invent指“通过想象、探讨、劳动, 创建出前所未有东西, 尤指“科技上创建创建, 如:Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生创建了电灯炮。make是最常用词, 指“用劳动地任何制造、消费、形成或组成, 如:All kinds of precision machine tools are made in this factory.这家工厂制造各种精细机床。manufacture 指大规模制造消费,manu指手,fact 表示构造 如:Shoes have been manufactured in this to
9、wn for centuries.produce指“通过劳动加工而消费产品, 尤指“工农业产品, 如:We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.我们必需增产食品, 削减进口。重音在第一个音节时意思是农产品。production, productive power, productivitydata n.【计】资料, 数据解析:datum复数definition n.定义, 讲解解析:【衍】define 定义 definite确定 indefinite无限,不定derived vt.得自vi.起源解析:derive itsel
10、f from由.而来, 源出derive knowledge from books从书中获得学问Many English words are derived from Latin.很多英语词汇源于拉丁文。【衍】derivation n.留意deprive,deride,不要混淆。常用过去分词。distribution n.安排, 分发, 配给物, 销售, 法院对无遗嘱死亡者财产安排, 分布状态, 区分, 分类,发送,发行解析:【衍】distribute v. distributive a.economic adj.经济(上), 产供销, 经济学解析:She let her house at a
11、n economic rent. 她以合算方式把房子租出去。economical a.指节约economic sanction经济制裁economic reckoning经济核算economic strike经济性罢工(为进步工资, 缩短工作时间, 改良工作环境而罢工)go on a strikeeconomic structure经济构造environmental adj.四周, 环境解析:【衍】environment 环境【同】surroundings, vicinityenvironment 指人与自然界生存环境,或是某种比方环境;surroundings指围围着某物周遭环境,留意是复数
12、;vicinity指近处范围,in the vicinity of。established adj.已制定, 确定解析:【衍】establish【同】build, construct, erect, found, set up【辨析】辨析同义词可以由它们所带宾语反推出其区分。build一般指建立,修建,常带house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等;construct指用各种材料建成一个整体,着重构筑,书面语;erect指直立,有确定高度;establish有稳固建成意思,常带school, reputation, government等;set up着重开始意
13、思,如monument, school,set up 着重开始,草创。estimate v估计 估价解析:参见assessment条evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物解析:It was early, and few pedestrians were in evidence on the city streets.天还早,街上几个行人清晰可见。【衍】evident【同】distinct, obvious, apparent, clear, plain【辨析】evident总包含确定迹象。Its evident that someone has bee
14、n here.很明显有人来过. distinct 指轮廓或意义清晰,不需费劲就可看出Though they talked in a low voice, they could be heard distinctly.虽然他们低声谈话,还是可以很清晰地听到。obvious常指欲掩弥彰,特别清晰,常有反面含义。apparent表示根据迹象进展推理,得出明显结论。clear根本意思是 “清 不但有清晰之义,还有流畅,澄澈意思, 如clear water;clean指“洁。plain示意因为粗浅而清晰。export vt.输出,出口n.出口商品解析:【反】import进口【助记法】ex向外,port
15、指港口factors n.因素,要素,因数解析:【同】element, ingredient,【辨析】factor具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体成分;element强调这一部分是根底性,不行或缺,如元素;ingredient只是说明构成一种混合物成分。financial a.财政 金融解析:【同】fiscal, monetary financial 常表示大额交易。与fiscal区分是:战略及战术区分,宏观及微观区分。Many computer software corporations are experiencing financial reverses. 很多计算机公司经验过财政危机。f
16、iscal尤指一国财政政策。The Secretary of the Treasury is the chief fiscal officer of our government.财政部长是我国财政首脑。(treasury bond国库券)monetary 常指铸币流通或货币政策。The basic monetary unit of the United States is the dollar.美国货币根本单位是美元。formula n.公式,客套语function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式;v.起作用 ,运行解析:作名词时,常与perform, serve 搭配identified 被识
17、别,被认可解析:【衍】identify确认,鉴定identity身份identification鉴别,证明income n.收入解析:【同】salary, wage, pay【辨析】income常指定期收入;salary指脑力劳动者收入,因其来源于salt,古罗马支付文官方式之一;wage指体力劳动者工资;pay指军饷。indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 须要, 简要地说明解析:【衍】indicator n.指示器,indicative 显示【同】 suggest, imply, denote【辨析】indicate表示词语或符号可以清晰明白显示内容;suggest那么表示
18、通过词语或符号示意内容;imply表示这种示意更困难,来自ply层次,故此是有确定构造困难,名词implication;denote特指一个词字面意义,比拟正式,多用于论文中。individual n.个人, 个体; adj.个别, 单独, 个人解析:【衍】 individualism n.个人主义;利已主义留意,这一概念一般都与一个相对较大群体相对应。留意类比考察,如与community,society对应interpretation n.说明, 说明, 口译, 通译解析:【同】translation【辨析】translation指笔译或翻译泛称interpretation一般指口译或解读i
19、nvolved adj.麻烦,有关解析:【衍】involve vt.包括, 覆盖, 潜心于, 使陷于 involvement n.连累, 包含留意,常用过去分词issues n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, (水, 血等)流出 vi.发行, 流出, 造成.结果, 进展辩护, 传下 vt.使流出, 放出, 发行(钞票等), 发布(吩咐), 出版(书等)发给; 【律】子女, 后嗣解析:还有offspring ,descendent也表示后代at issue待解决;争议中an issue of magazine一份杂志labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工, 努力, 分
20、娩, 工作;v.劳动, 苦干, 费劲地前进, 分娩, 工作, 悉心完成;adj.支持工党,与工党有关legal adj.法律, 法定, 合法解析:【同】lawful, legitimate【辨析】lawful指确定限制,强迫行为具有法律根据。如;lawful arrest依法逮捕;legal意思同lawful,但通常用于法令,较正式;legitimate表示法律成认习惯已认可。如legitimate son 婚生子illegitimate;legislation n.立法,法律制定(或通过),参照分类词典里词汇。major n.美【教】主修课, 【律】成年人【乐】大调; adj.主修, 成年,
21、 大调; vi.主修解析:作“成年人与minor 未成年人,相对应。You are an English major.method n.方法解析:【同】 manner, mode, way【辨析】这些词都表示方法,method尤指有次序,有方案方法,较正式。manner强调是行动或步骤具特性和独特性方法。She has a precise, clearly articulated manner of speaking. 她说话用词精确,表达清晰。mode通常指由传统或风俗影响或引起行事方法。A nomadic mode of life was typical of many peoples o
22、f the Great Plains. way最为一般,口语化。Thats the way Im. 我就是这样。occur vi.发生, 出现解析:【同】happen, take place【衍】occurrence n.发生【辨析】happen强调偶尔性There happen to be no money with me.It so happens that.take place指有方案使某事发生Great changes have taken place in my hometown.occur那么包括了以上二者意义,比拟模糊。percent n.百分比, 百分数period n.时期,
23、 学时, 节, 句点, 周期, 妇女经期;adj.过去某段时期解析:【衍】periodical 期刊,如monthly, weekly, daily等【同】age, epoch, era【辨析】age通常具有某种显著特征,也指考古学上时代;epoch指发生重大事务时代;era强调整个历程;period指一般时间,可长可短。policy n.政策,方针;保单解析:如policy-holder n.投保人, 保险客户big stick policy【美】大棒政策principle n. 法那么,原那么,原理解析:留意拼法,从l 形态来记in principle 在原那么上with regard t
24、o the basics 根本上与根本原那么有关地an idea that is acceptable in principle大体可以承受想法on principle按原那么,依行为准那么according to or because of principle按原那么地根据或因为行为准那么procedure n.程序, 手续解析:留意:指人为制定一系列不变程序.required adj.必需解析:留意常用过去分词【衍】 require vt.须要, 要求, 吩咐; requirement n.It requires that . 有.必要require sth. of sb. 对某人有.要求
25、require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事,根据确定规章而要求response n.答复, 响应, 反响解析:call forth no response in sbs breast 在某人心中不起反响in response to 响应, 反响make no response 不答复(常指前面有刺激或呼吁)【同】reply,answer【辨析】answer指针对另一行为回应,因此介词用to,如:the answer to the questionWhat you have done will be answered. 你会遭报应。reply 指对别人陈述或问题赐予答复,通常用
26、reply to。response 指对刺激回应,也指对紧迫或指定问题答复。role n.角色, 任务解析:fill the role of担负.任务play an important role in在.中起重要作用留意与function 区分play the leading role起主要作用, 起带头作用play the role of(sb.) 在剧中)扮演(某人)角色section n.部分, 断片, 部件, 节, 项, 区, 地域, 截面解析:build in sections分段制造convey in sections拆开搬right section右段, 右部,正截面, 正剖面s
27、ector n.部分, 部门;【计】扇区, 地区, 象限, 扇形; v.使分成部分, 把.分成扇形解析:不要孤立记单词,要形成网络来记,如mouth organ 不是口条,而是口琴,因此单词正确理解很重要。significant adj.有意义, 重大, 重要解析:【助记法】sign 记号,下意识具有优越性。【同】important, vital, serious【辨析】significant表示该事物特别突出及有优越性,此意来自signify 意味着;important较一般,强调某物值得重视;vital表示极其重要,生死悠关;serious表示肃穆重大,与轻松相对。如Im serious.
28、我说正经。similar adj.相像, 类似解析:similarity n.be similar to与.相像, 类似于source n.来源, 水源, 消息来源, 原始资料, 发起者解析:the sources of the Nile尼罗河发源地the source of knowledge学问源泉human and non-human sources人力物力资源source language源被译语言informed sources消息灵通人士,well-imformed sourceshistorical sources史料The news comes from a reliable
29、source.这条消息来源牢靠。specific n.特效药, 细微环节adj.具体而精确, 明确, 特殊,效; 【生物】种解析:【同】definite, explicit【辨析】definite是唯一能具有选择性明确意见,不是a就是b;explicit必需是语言,强调全部细微环节清晰;specific指侧重于正确描绘而不做评价。structure n.构造, 构造, 建筑物 vt.建筑, 构成, 组织解析:【助记法】struct表示构造【衍】CONSTRUCT 建筑CON表示加强,DESTRUCTION 毁坏,DES是否认前缀theory n.理论, 学说, .论, 原理, 意见, 推想解析
30、:My theory is 我推想是variables n.【数】变数, 可变物, 变量; adj.可变, 不定, 易变, 【数】变量解析:留意,常考复数,动词varyachieve vt.完成, 到达解析:留意拼法【同】attain, reach【辨析】achieve 着重在到达确定目过程中所包含技能,耐性和努力;attain是比拟庄重说法,有较强理想和渴望;reach用于开展过程某个阶段,或某个目等。【衍】achievement成就acquisition n.获得, 获得物解析:【衍】acquire vt.获得, 学到【同】get, gain, obtain【辨析】get概括性最强,包括了
31、这里探讨每一种状况;obtain用于正式文体强调选择某物;gain指在寻求过程中付出了代价,也可指武力夺取;如No pain, no gain. acquire是一种渐渐习得过程,这过程持续而缓慢。如the acquisition of the English abilityadministration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门解析:National Aeronautics and Space A-【美】国家航空和宇宙航行局Food and Drug A-美国食品及药物管理局oral administration口服【衍】administer v.管理, 赐予, 执行affect vt.影
32、响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装解析:留意词形区分【同】affect, influence, impress, touch, move, strike 这些词都表示产生某种情感或精神上影响。influence暗含对别人感情,思想以及行为限制及左右程度;Humanity is profoundly influenced by what you do.(John Paul II).你所做所为深入地影响人类约翰保罗二世。impress是指产生一种显著,深入,通常是长久效果;The Tibetan landscape particularly impressed him.西藏风光给他留下了非同寻常印象。to
33、uch通常指激起一种温顺反响,例如爱,感谢或激情;The tributes were fitting and touching.“颂辞恰如其分,感人至深。丹尼尔.卡里亚哥。move暗指深入情感效果,有时导致行动或具有进一步后果;The account of her experiences as a refugee moved us to tears. 她难民经验描绘感动得我们热泪盈眶。strike暗含对刺激反响猛烈感情或心理力气,来自打击根本含义;I was struck by the sudden change in his behavior.我对他行为突变而感到震惊。affect通常指感情
34、方面, affect 宾语是物时,它包含着足以引起反响刺激,有时包含确定变更。The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health.天气稍有变更就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩身体。appropriate adj.适当 vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用解析:He appropriated public funds for his own private use.他挪用公款。A dirty face is not appropriate for the school photograph.脸脏了不合适照学生像。【同】fit, suit
35、able, apt, proper【辨析】appropriate指合适于特殊人及场合,地位等。强调自然具备相宜性质;fit意为某人或某物在目上用处上合适;suitable意味着合适某种状况;apt含有能动意味;proper含有生来就具备相宜性质含义,还表示某物具有它应当具备性质。aspect n.样子, 外表, 相貌, (问题等)方面解析:of pleasing aspect 令人宠爱模样only one aspect of the problem 只是问题一个方面a house with a southern aspect 朝南房子additional aspect补充示象,显示assist
36、ance n.帮助, 救济, 补助解析:external assistance外来救济;对外救济judicial assistance司法帮助non-reimbursable assistance无偿救济【同】help, aid【辨析】help最不正式,特指靠本身力气无法解决,迫切须要扶植;aid正式些;assistance最正式,来自assist,只表示起到协助作用。categories n.种类, 类别, 【逻】范畴解析:留意,常用复数categorize 分类abstract category抽象范畴chapter n.(书籍)章解析:a chapter of accidents一连串意
37、外事故,接二连三灾祸be in the chapter of possibilities事态开展可能性;有可能enough on that chapter这个问题就到此为止give cite, have chapter and verse for注明出处,指明准确根据read sb. a chapter指责某人,训斥某人 = give sb. a lessoncommission n.委任, 托付, 代办(权), 代理(权), 犯(罪), 佣金;vt.委任, 任命, 托付, 托付制作, 使服役解析:sells boats on commission托付售船out of commission退出
38、现役;不能运用待修理community n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一样, 共同体, (生物)群落解析:community welfare department【美】社会福利部the Chinese community(纽约)华侨界the community of scholars学术界community of goods财产公有community of interest(s)利害一样complex adj.困难, 合成, 综合 n.结合体解析:【同】complex, complicated, intricate, involved【辨析】complex 示意相关部分
39、关系;The composer transformed a simple folk tune into a complex set of variations.这位作曲家把一首简洁民歌小调改编成一首困难变奏曲。To one could soar into a more intricate labyrinth of refined phraseology. “没有人可以攀进困难专业术语优雅迷宫安东尼;初蒲。complicated强调各部分之间微小关系;Middle Eastern politics is so complicated that even experts cannot agree
40、on a cohesive policy.中东政治如此困难以致于甚至专家们也难以制定出统一策。intricate着重于各部分交织在一起很难区分或分析:如克里特岛迷宫。involved强调假设是把各部分混在一起将是难以区分:想象漩涡形态。The plot of the play has been criticized as being too involved.这个剧本情节因过于混乱而遭到了指责。computer n.计算机, 电脑解析:【辨析】计算器是 calculatorcomputer-based adj.利用借助计算机computerman n.计算机工作人员;计算机专家computer
41、-oriented adj.研制计算机computer-polled adj. 计算机登记;计算机选择conclusion n.完毕, 缔结, 结论解析:in conclusion最终,总之bring a matter to a speedy conclusion使事情快速完毕the conclusion of a peace treaty缔结和约conclusion of business成交a foregone conclusion早已确定事,必定结果,毫无疑问事arrive at(come to, draw, reach) a conclusion得出结论,告一段落at the conc
42、lusion of当.结束时bring to a conclusion使完毕;谈定买卖等come to the conclusion that. 所得结论是, 断定draw the conclusion得出结论,推断leap (jump) to a conclusion冒然断定,过早下结论try conclusions with和.决最终输赢,争最终优劣;试验conduct n.行为, 操行 v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导解析:a theory of conduct品德论a bad conduct恶劣行为infamous conduct违背职业道德行为(特指医生)safe conduct(战
43、时)通行证under the conduct of在.指导管理下His conduct of the business was very successful.他事业进展得相当顺当。consequences n.结果, 【逻】推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要地位解析:answer for the consequences对后果负责as a consequence因此,结果face the consequences of ones action自作自受in consequence因此,结果in consequence of.结果,因为.原因,由于of consequence有权力;重要take
44、the consequences自作自受,承担责任take upon oneself the consequences自己承担后果without negative consequence没有副作用without reflecting on the consequences不顾后果construction n.建筑, 建筑物, 说明, 造句解析:construction of the four -modernizations四个现代化建立an object of simple construction简洁构造物体construction industry建筑工业,行业a very solid c
45、onstruction特殊稳固建筑物bear a construction可说明为;可作某一说明可参见STRUCT 条consumer n.消费者解析:【衍】consume vt.消耗, 消费, 歼灭, 大吃大喝, 吸引vi.歼灭, 歼灭be consumed with (giving lessons) 因.而变得憔悴,给.弄得心劳神疲consume away消耗掉;憔悴;枯萎凋谢credit n.信任, 信誉, 声望, 荣誉,【财务】贷方, 银行存款;vt.信任, 信任, 把.归给解析:常与to, with连用存入账户Please credit my account with $1000.
46、请将1000美元存入我帐户。add to ones credit增加荣誉be a credit to使感到荣耀,给争光be bare of credit声誉不好,无信誉be to sb.s credit为某人增光crack credit 失信誉do sb. credit 为某人增光;证明某人具有某种才能或品质get (take) credit for 因而得到好评give credit to 信任,信任;赞扬,赞扬give sb. credit for sth. 为赞扬(确定)某人认为某人具有(某种品德、才能等)have credit with sb. 得到某人信任have the credit of 有好名声lend credit to 使更可信;证明look for credit 力求出人头地lose credit with sb. 失去某人信任;在某人眼中失