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1、六年级下册单元学问点第一单元四会单词:talltaller更高的 shortshorter 更矮的 strongstronger更强壮的 oldolder 年龄更大的 youngyounger 更年轻的 bigbigger更大的heavyheavier 更重的 longlonger 更长的 thinthinner 更瘦的 smallsmaller (体型)更小的 四会句型:How tall are you 你有多高? Im 164 cm tall. 我164 厘米高。Youre shorter than me. 你比我矮。Youre 4 cm taller than me.你比我高4厘米。Ho
2、w heavy are you 你有多重? Im 48 kg. 我48千克。应当驾驭的学问点:1、表示两者之间有所比拟时,句子中的形容词要用比拟级形式。形容词变为比拟级的变更规则:(1)一般状况下,在形容词的词尾干脆加er。如: talltaller shortshorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾干脆加r,如:nicenicer. latelater (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:bigbigger thinthinner fatfatter (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i , 再加er。如:easyea
3、sier heavyheavier funnyfunnier.形容词比拟级的变更口诀:原级变为比拟级,通常er加上去。若是结尾辅元辅,辅音双写要牢记。辅音加y结尾时,把y变i 是必需。原级若以e结尾,干脆加r不懊悔。2、局部形容词比拟级的不规则变更:goodbetter wellbetter badworse badlyworse manymore muchmore littleless farfarther3、同义句:How tall are you=Whats your heightHow heavy are you=Whats your weight4、以How开头的问句(仅限小学阶段)
4、:How are you 问身体状况。How old 问年龄How tall 问身高How long 问长度How big 问大小(指外型、形体的大小)How heavy 问体重、重量How many 问多少,物体的数量How much 问价格5、its 及its: 这两个词发音一样但意义不同。its是 it is的缩写,汉语意思是“它是”,如:its a fat cat. 它是一只肥猫。its是代词,意思是“它的”,如:that is its tail. 那是它的尾巴。6、My schoolbag is bigger than _.A. you B. your C yours这里的正确答案应
5、当是选项C. yours。Yours是名词性物主代词,它在这里所代表的意思是“your schoolbag”. Than后面要跟名词或名词性短语,因此在这里确定要用名词性物主代词。及形容词性物主代词相对应的名词性物主代词还有:my-mine your-yours hishis herhers itits their-theirs第二单元:四会单词have a fever 发烧 have a sore throat喉咙疼 have a cold感冒have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 matter事情,费事 sore 疼的 hurt难受 nose 鼻子 t
6、ired疲惫的,累的 excited兴奋的angry生气的 happy兴奋的 bored无聊的,烦人的 sad 悲伤的,哀痛的四会句型:Whats the matter 怎么了? My throat is sore. My nose hurts.我喉咙疼。我鼻子疼。How are you, Liu Yun You look happy. 你好吗,刘云。你看起来很兴奋。How are you, Sarah You look sad today. 你好吗,Sarah?今日,你看起来很难受。应当驾驭的学问点:1、ache是名词,它表示连续固定的难受,它是个体弱多病的家伙,身体部位名称是怕它了,哪个部
7、位不当心被它跟上了,就倒霉了。earache耳朵痛,stomachache 胃疼,backache 背疼,heartache 心脏病2、sore , ache 及hurtsore是形容词,表示“疼的、痛的”放在名词前或系动词be后,如:a sore nose 鼻子疼 My nose is sore. 我的鼻子疼。ache是名词,常常放在名词后,表示连续固定的难受,如:headache 头疼 stomachache 胃疼,backache 背疼,heartache 心脏病hurt是动词,指“刺痛、使受伤痛”,如:he hurts his leg.他伤了腿。 这时我们还可以说“His leg hu
8、rts.他腿疼。”有时它们还可以表达一样的含义,如:I have a sore back=I have a backache=My back hurts.但是要留意的是,并不是全部的词都可以这样转换,有些固定的用法是不能变更的。3、Whats the matter matter做名词时意思是“要紧事,费事事,问题”,在此用法中确定要加定冠词the。其同义句为:Whats wrong Whats the trouble Whats up Whats the problem 作为看病用语,它常用来询问病人的身体状况。4、might 及 may: might 及may 都可以表示可能性。might
9、在表示推想时,把握比拟小,表示特殊敬重对方,心里没底,更带有摸索性。may表示一件事或许会发生(或是某种状况可能会发生)。5、hear 及 listen: hear表示“听见,听到”的结果。如:I listened but I couldnt hear anything.我留意听,但什么也没听到。listen 表示“听,留意听,倾听”的动作。如:They are listening to the radio.他们在听播送。6、关于一般如今时:一般如今时的用法: 表示常常或者反复发生的动作。如: 我每天吃午饭。I have lunch every day. 还表示如今存在的一种状态.。如:我姐姐
10、是一位教师。My sister is a teacher. 一般如今时态常常及 often(常常)sometimes(有时)always(总是)usually(通常)等副词连用,也常常及 every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次),twice a year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。()一般如今时态分为 be 动词的一般如今时和实义动词的一般如今时。1) be 动词包括 am,is,are,中文为“是”,这三个词的用法要随着主语的变更而变更
11、。“am” 用于第一人称单数(I); “is”用于第三人称单数(he,she,it);“are”用于第一人称复数(we),第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数( they)。 可以记住以下顺口溜: am 是特地来管“我”,is 只管“他,她,它”,are 就管“你”和“大家”。2)一般疑问句和否认句I am a teacher. (我是一位教师) You are his friend.(你是他的挚友) She is a nurse.(她是一名护士) 以上三个句子都是确定句。此类句子变成疑问句和否认句时,有些地方的语序和汉语不同,需特殊留意。变为疑问句时,把动词 be “am,is,ar
12、e”放在句首,答复时也要运用 be 动词;变为否认句时,把表示否认的not 放在“am is are”的后面,其中可以简写为: is not - isnt are not - arentam not 没有简写形式。如:Am I a teacher Yes, I am. (No, I am not.)Are you his friend Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)Is she a nurse Yes, she is. (No, she is not.)留意:假如 are not, is not 放在句尾时,不能运用简写,必需写出整个单词。否认句为:I am
13、not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.3)假如句子的动词不是 be 动词“am is are”而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否认句要借助于助动词“do”或者“does”,也就是说 be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时运用。 这里的“do” “does”本身没有什么意义,只是扶植构成疑问句和否认句。一般疑问句读时必需用降调。“do”和“does”的运用要随着人称的变更而变更。请看下面两组句子,留意区分他们的共同点和不同点。 I go to school every day. He goes to school every d
14、ay. I dont go to school every day. He doesnt go to school every day. Do you go to school every day Does he go to school every day Yes, I do. (No, I dont) Yes, he does. (No, he doesnt) 这两组句子中,由于人称的不同,句子的构造也不同,详细如下:当主语是第三人称单数时,确定句为:主语 + 动词的 s 形式 + 宾语否认句为:主语 + 助动词 doesnt + 动词原形 + 宾语疑问句为:Does + 主语 + 动词原
15、形 + 宾语确定答复和否认答复也要运用助动词 does.注:第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的 s 形式了,而用动词原形。动词的一般如今时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其别人称时,确定句为:主语+动词原形 + 宾语否认句为:主语 + 助动词 dont + 动词原形 + 宾语疑问句为:Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语确定答复和否认答复也要运用助动词 do。注:变为疑问句,要在句首加“do”; 变为否认句, 要在动词前面加“do not”, 可以简写为“dont”.第三单元四会单词:watchwatched 看 washwashed 洗
16、 cleancleaned清扫 playplayed玩 visitvisited 探望 dodid last weekend上一个周末 gowent去go to a parkwent to a park 去公园 go swimmingwent swimming去游泳 go fishingwent fishing去钓鱼 readread 读 go hikingwent hiking 去郊游四会句型:What did you do last weekend 你上个周末干什么了?I played football. 我踢足球了。Did you read books 你读书了吗?Yes, I did.
17、是的,我读了。No, I didnt. 不,我没有。应当驾驭的学问点:1、关于一般过去时一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。常常及yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。如: I was born in 1990. (我诞生在1990年)。When did you
18、 go to the park (你是什么时候去的公园)。I went to the park last week. (我是上周去的公园)在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。(1)Be 动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中运用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成:确定句:主语+was (were) +宾语如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)否认句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语如:We werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)疑问句:
19、Was (Were) +主语+宾语如: Were you ill yesterday (你昨天病了吗?)确定答复: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)否认句: No, I wasnt. (不,我没病。)特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语如:When were you born 你是什么时候诞生的?(2)实义动词的一般过去时态确定句要运用动词的过去式,否认句和疑问句要运用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.确定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语如: I went home at nine oclock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。)否认句:主语+d
20、idnt +动词原形+宾语如:I didnt go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如: Did you go home yesterday (你昨天回家了吗?)确定答复: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)否认答复:No, I didnt. (不,我没回家。)(3)助动词和情态动词过去式如下:shall should(将要)用于第一人称单数will would(将要)用于全部人称can could(能,会) may might(可以) must must (必需)have to had to(不得不)助动词和情态动词的过去时态要
21、运用他们的过去式,后面的动词还运用原形。如: I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)(4)一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。1) 一般状况下在词尾干脆加ed。 如:play played work worked2) 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如:like- liked love loved3) 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed. 如:study studied carry carried4) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,假如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最终这个辅音字母
22、,再加ed. 如:stop stopped(5)-ed的读音规则如下:1) 在清辅音后面读t.2) 在浊辅音或元音后读d.3) 在t 和d 后读id.(6)不以ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。一般过去时态的“三变”技巧一变:确定句变为否认句【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可干脆在其后面加not构成否认句。例如:I could get you a concert ticket. I could not / couldnt get you a concert ticket.【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可干脆在其后加not构成否认
23、句。例如:I was on the Internet when you called me. I was not / wasnt on the Internet when you called me.【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didnt,动词复原,构成否认句。例如:The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. The famous singer did not / didnt sing any Chinese songs.二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句【技巧1】挪动词语的
24、位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:He could pack his things himself. Could he pack his things himself【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词复原。例如:Mr Li looked very old. Did Mr Li look very old三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,缘由why,频率how of
25、ten,长度how long,间隔 how far等等。例如:They gave the concert last night. When did they give the concert【技巧2】分辨构造形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+. 例如:The accident happened near the station. Where did the accident happen2、关于名词全部格:(仅限于小学阶段 s全部格的用法)(1)表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加s。例如:Jims bed 吉米的床the mans wife 那个男人的妻子c
26、hildrens toys 孩子们的玩具the foxs tail 狐狸的尾巴(2)以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加s。例如:the students books 学生们的书Teachers Day 教师节my boss office 我老板的办公室a girls dormitory 女生宿舍(3)表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只须要后一个名词加s(或)即可。假如表示两者各自的所属关系(各自全部),则每个名词词尾都加上s(或)。例如:Joan and Janes room(房间属二人共同全部)Joans and Janes room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)(4)s全部格所修饰的词
27、的省略现象1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词全部格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如:I met her at the doctors(office).我在诊所遇见了她。He has gone to the tailors(shop).他到服装店去了。She went to Mr. Blacks (house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。2)名词全部格所修饰的词,假如前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如:Whose pen is this Its Toms.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。The bike is not mine, but Wang Pinpins.这辆自
28、行车不是我的,是王品品的。3、them及their: them表示“他们” 是人称代词宾格,放在及物动词和介词后面做宾语。如I want to help them. 我想扶植他们。 their“他们的”是形容词性物主代词,放在名词前面。These are their books.这是他们的书。第四单元四会单词: learn Chineselearned Chinese学汉语 sing and dancesang and danced 唱歌和跳舞 eat good foodate good food吃好吃的食物take picturestook pictures 照相 climbclimbed
29、爬 havehad buy presentsbought presents买礼物 row a boatrowed a boat 划船 see elephantsaw elephant 看大象go skiingwent skiing 去滑雪 go ice-skatingwent ice-skating 去滑冰 how怎么,如何 getgot 到达 last上一个的,仅余的,留在最终的四会句型:Where did you go on your holiday 你去哪里度假了?I went to Xinjiang. 我去新疆了。How did you go there 你怎么去那儿的? I went
30、 by train.我坐火车去的。应当驾驭的学问点:1、时间前介词的用法:英语中不同的时间前所用的介词不一样,一般有如下规则(1)在表示一段时间的词语前用in,如在年份、月份、季节前用in,如in2009, in May, in spring等。另外在上午、在下午、在晚上也用in. in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.(2)表示在某一天,在星期几,在几月几日时用on,如on Monday , on May 1st. 另外还有on Tuesday morning.(3) 表示详细的时刻,在几点钟时用at。如 at 6 oclock.
31、at 7:20.2、英语书信的书写格式;(1)称呼:指导对收信人的称呼。一般从信纸的左边顶格写起。(2)正文:指信的主体局部。从称呼的下一行第一段顶格或空四到五个字母开场写。(3)完毕语:一般是表示自己对收供信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。常用Love, Yours或Sincerely等。通常在正文完毕后另起一行左边顶格写。(4)签名:指发信人签名。写在完毕语下一行,也顶格写。3、序数词是由基数词转变而来,表示“第个”。(1)13 分别为first, second, third,没有规律。(2)419通常由基数词加th构成,特殊的有:fivefifth , eighteighth, nineninth
32、, twelvetwelfth .(3)整十的数词,其后缀ty要先变成tie再加th .如twentytwentieth.(4)两位数只把后一个数词变为序数词,前面的数词仍保存其基数形式。如, twenty-onetwenty-first巧学妙记:基数词变序数语口诀基变序,有规律,词尾加上th;一二三,特殊记,八去t, 九去e;five, twelve两兄弟,ve要用f 替;将y变成 ie, 词尾加上th.若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。 26个英文字母及发音音标如下:A a ei B b bi: C c si: Dd di: E e i: F f ef Gg d3i: H h eit I i
33、 ai J j d3ei K k kei L l el M m em Nn en O o u P p pi: Q q kju: R r : S s es T t ti: U u ju: V v vi: W w d blju:X x eks Y y wai Z z zi:或zed4、字母发音归类 以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1)含元音音素ei 4个 字母: aa hh jj kk 音标: ei eit d3ei kei 2) 含元音音素i: 8个 字母: bb cc dd ee gg pp tt vv 音标: bi: si: di: i: d3i: pi: ti:
34、 vi: 3) 含元音音素e 7个 字母: ff ll mm nn ss xx zz 音标: ef el em en es eks zed 4) 含元音音素ju: 3个 字母: uu qq ww 音标: ju: kju: dblju: 5) 含元音音素ai 2个 字母: ii yy 音标: ai wai 6)ou: o; 7)a: r语法学问:英语动词4种时态:1、一般如今时:常及表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(常常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) , always(总是,始终) , never(从不),表示常常性或习惯性的动作,表示如今的特征或状态
35、,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加s(或es,或变y为i再加es)。如:I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.2、如今进展时:表示如今或如今这一阶段正在进展的动作。用am / is / are 加 动词ing形式表示,如: What are you doing I am reading a book. What is he doing He is singing.3、一般将来时:常及表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year 等,表示将要发生的动作或状况。用 am
36、/ is/ are 加 going to形式表示,如:What are you going to do tomorrow Im going to ride a horse. 用will 加动词原形表示,如:What will you do next Sunday I will go shopping. 用am/ is/ are 加动词ing 形式表示,如:What are you doing tomorrow Im going bowling.4、一般过去时:常常及表示过去的时间连用, 如: yesterday, last night等, 表示过去某时发生的动作或状况。动词要用动词的过去式。如
37、:Who was first Ken was first.Where were you yesterday I was at home.What did you do yesterday I went to school.形容词的比拟级和最高级:1、单音节词:比拟级加er, 最高级加est. 如:tall-taller- the tallest,He is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、多音节词和局部双音节词:比拟级加more, 最高级加 the most. 如:interesting-more inter
38、esting-the most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music.Science is the most interesting subject.形容词变为比拟级的变更规则:(1)一般状况下,在形容词的词尾干脆加er。如: talltaller shortshorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾干脆加r,如:nicenicer. latelater (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:bigbigger thint
39、hinner fatfatter (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i , 再加er。如:easyeasier heavyheavier funnyfunnier.(2)、局部形容词比拟级的不规则变更:goodbetter wellbetter badworse badlyworse manymore muchmore littleless farfarther动词ing的变更规律:1)干脆加ing ,如: open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, 2) 去掉词尾不发音的e
40、,如:take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, 3) 重读闭音节的,双写最终的字母,加 ing , 如: sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, 主语是第三人称单数时一般如今时动词的变更规律(及名词变复数规律一样): 1
41、) 干脆加s, 如:cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes, 2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, 3) 辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i ,+es, 如:fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, 4) 以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es.5) 特殊:have-has, 6)家庭、亲属和挚友:姓名、年龄、地址、特点及爱好:
42、及你的关系 words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相关句型: 1) Is he/she Toms cousin Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isnt. 2) Whos he/she Hes/Shes my friend. 3) How many people are there in your family Who are they
43、There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.留意: 1)名词单复数,如:family-families; 名词单数-复数规律: (1)1) 干脆加s, 如: boy-boys, term-terms, 2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches, 3) 辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i ,+es, 如
44、:baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches , 4) 以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, 5) 特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, 6) 不变: hair, milk, tea, coffee,