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1、人教版新目标八年级上册 英语语法知识点一一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常及表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do 动词原形构造：表示准备、准备做的事情或者确定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 构造表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain You will feel better after a
2、 good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow 根本构成如下：一般疑问句构成： 1will+主语+do Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday 2there be 构造的一般疑问句：Will there + be Will there be fewer trees Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否认句构成：will + not wont+do Sarah wont
3、come to visit me next Sunday. 特别疑问句构成： 特别疑问词will主语？What will Sarah do next Sunday 练一练依据例句，用will改写以下各句 例：I dont feel well today. be better tomorrow Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. have a lot of homework tonight _ 2. Im tired now. sleep later _ 3. My parents need a new car. buy
4、one soon _ 4. We cant leave right now. leave a little later _ 5. The weather is awful today. be better tomorrow _答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. 二should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形
5、，否认句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应当少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她常常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应当多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机嬉戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： 1I think you should 2Well, yo
6、u could 3Maybe you should 4Why dont you 5What about doing sth. 6Youd better do sth. 练一练 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt inv
7、ite you Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案：1. should2. shouldnt3. should4. should5. should三过去进展时 过去进展时表示过去某一点时间正在进展的动作或者过去某一段时间内始终进展的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是时间点
8、 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进展时的标记词 at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。表示她在那段时间里始终在做那件事情。练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _r
9、eadbooks. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _havea party. 3. When I _comeinto the classroom, she _ _reada storybook. 4. She _ _playcomputer games while her mother _ _cookyesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _havea shower when you _callme yesterday. 答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading 4. was p
10、laying; was cooking5. was having; called四间接引语形成步骤： 1不要逗号，冒号，引号 2要考虑到人称的变化人称的变化及汉语是一样的 3要考虑时态的变化 4要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进展时过去进展时 2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. co
11、uld6. might练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She said I _behard-working. 2. Peter told me he _bebored yesterday. 3. She said she _goswimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _maycall me later. 5. Antonio told me he _reada book then. 答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading请转述他人说的话： 1. I go to the beach every
12、Saturday. Tom 2. I can speak three languages. Lucy 3. I will call you tomorrow. Mike 4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. she五if引导的条件状语从句构造：if一般现在时，主语将来时含义：假如，将要例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 假如你恳求他，他会扶植你。 If need be, well work all night. 假如须要，我们就干个通宵。 练一练 依据中文提示，完成句子。 1. 假如你参与聚会，你将会过得很快乐。
13、If you _ the party, you _. 2. 假如明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 假如你常常听英文歌，你将会喜爱英语的。 If you often _, you _. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 二. 完形填空特点及解题思路一题型
14、分类及特点 完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉假设干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保存的局部，从所给的短文整体动身，在正确理解短文意思的根底上，依据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、构造完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必需留意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法构造正确，所以在空格上所填的词必需符合语义适用和语法正确两条原那么，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基此题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。 1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中假设干词语抽
15、掉留下空格，对每一空格供应假设干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的根底上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所供应的备选项中选出一个最正确答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般及初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期供应一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项根本都属于一样或对等的词类，给判定选择带来确定的干扰，侧重考察了考生精确运用词汇的实力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理实力。 2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱依次，不按原文依
16、次排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。A Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase 短语“have a day off. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. replied 答复the teacher at once. After a
17、 while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. “May I have a day off 5 The teacher was very surprised, “Didnt you 6 it just now “Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off The boy an
18、swered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 ushave a day off! 1. A. butB. andC. orD. for 2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought 3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD. Mr 4. A. strikeB. bestC. hitD. knock 5. A. alsoB. againC. tooD. once 6. A. speakB. tellC. say
19、D. do 7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday 8. A. laughB. to laughC. laughedD. laughing 9. A. withB. onC. inD. by 10. A. teachB. taughtC. are teachingD. were teachingB 请依据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要依据须要作适当的词形变化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, b
20、eause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what A generation gap 代沟has become a serious problem. I read a _1about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _2after quarrels 争吵with parents. I think this is _3they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _4time in
21、the office. _5they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _6they dont have the same topics话题to talk about. I want to _7parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _8your parents. They are th
22、e people who _9you. So tell them your thoughts 想法. In this way, you can have a better _10of each other. 完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的根底上才开场判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。 2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的根底上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，留意从上、下文的语法构造和词语搭配及从选择项中找寻解题的
23、提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子构造入手，依据短文意思、语法规那么、词语固定搭配等进展综合考虑，对备选项逐一进展分析、比拟和筛选，解除干扰项、初步选定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。比照拟明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，接着往下做，最终回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深化，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。 4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空仔细复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思
24、前后连贯、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发觉错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，擅长以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推想全文主题及大意。 2. 复读短文、确定语义、推断词形。把握短文大意后再仔细复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再依据空格在句子中的位置，推断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规那么，推断所填的词的正确形式。 3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思索。把所填的答案放入短文中进展检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一样、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确无误等进展综合验证，凡有疑问必需重新推敲考虑。