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1、人教版必修一各单元学问点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经验，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通 2. set down 登记，放下 3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 黄昏，黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参与（某个活动）；take part in 参与（活动） join 参加（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from
2、 遭遇12. be/get tired of对感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关切14. get on/along well with 与相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事是17. no longer / not any longer 不再18. too much 太多（后接不行数n.） much too 太(后接adj.)19. notuntil 直到 才20. its no pleasure doing sth 做 并不快乐21. make sb. sth. 使某人成
3、为make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法-干脆引语与间接引语概念：干脆引语：干脆引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数状况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。例： Mr. Black said, “ Im busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy.变更规则（一）陈述句的变更规则干脆引语假如是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变更。人称的变更人称的变更主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said, “ I like it v
4、ery much.” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “Iv left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变更干脆引语间接引语一般如今时一般过去时如今进展时过去进展时如今完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.Anne said that
5、she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said, “Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 留意：假如干脆引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语与动词的变更干脆引语间接引语thisthat these
6、 thosenowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowIn two days timecomegohere therethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier(二) 祈使句的变更规则假如干脆引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，假如祈使句是否认句，在不定式前面还要加上
7、not。例：The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑问句的变更规则假如干脆引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。一般疑问句：假如干脆引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例
8、:“Do you think a diary can become your friend” the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2) 特殊疑问句：假如间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例： “What do you want” he asked me. He asked me what I wantedUnit two English around the world一、重点短语1. be different from 与不同 b
9、e the same as 与一样2. one another 互相，彼此（=each other）3. official language 官方语言4. at the end of 在完毕时5. because of 因为（后接名词或名词性短语） because 因为（后接句子）6. native speakers 说母语的人7. be based on 根据，根据8. at present 目前；当今9. especially 特殊，尤其 specially 特地地10. make use of 利用 make the best of 充分利用11. a large number of 大
10、量的，许多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）the number of 的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as 没有这样的事15. be expected to 被期盼做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清单18. included 包括（前面接包括的对象）Including包括（后接包括的对象）19. command sb. to do st
11、h. 吩咐某人去做某事command + that 从句（从句用should+V原）20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request + that 从句(从句用should+V原)二、语法-英语中的吩咐（command）语气与恳求(request)语气吩咐语气：表示干脆吩咐某人做某事，语气比拟重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级例：1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!恳求语气：表示恳求某人做某事，语气比拟缓与，特别礼貌例：1. “ Would you like
12、to see my flat” She asked. 2. Would you please open the windowUnit 3 Travel journal一、重点短语1. travel-泛指旅行journey-指长时间长间隔 的陆上旅行voyage-指长间隔 的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行trip-常指短时间短间隔 的旅行tour-指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to 更加喜爱，宁愿 prefer A to B 比起B，更喜爱A prefer doing to doing 比起做，宁愿做 prefer to do rather than do 与其做, 不如3. flow t
13、hrough 流过，流经4. ever since 自从5. persuade sb. to do sth. 劝服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜爱7. insist on doing 坚持做某事 insist + that 从句（用should+ V原）8. care about 关切9. change ones mind 变更想法10. altitude 高度attitude 看法，看法11. make up ones mind to do下定决心做某事 = decide to do = make a decision to do 12. give in 让步，屈从 give up
14、 放弃13. be surprised to 对感到惊异to ones surprise 令某人惊异的是14. at last = finally = in the end 最终15. stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停顿做某事16. as usual 像平常一样17. sothat 如此 以致于 So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 18. be familiar with 对熟识（人作主语）be familiar to 为所熟识（物作主语）二、语法:如今进展时表将来如今进展时表将来，表示
15、最近按支配或支配要进展的动作，常见的如今进展时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.例：1. Im coming. 我就来 2. what are you doing next Sunday 你下个星期天做什么？ 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at night 你们晚上待在哪里/Unit four Earthquakes一、重点短语1. right away 立
16、即，立刻（= at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看来似乎 ；似乎4. in ruins 成为废墟5. the number of 的数量（谓语动词用单数） a number of 大量（谓语动词用复数）6. rescue workers 营救人员 Come to ones rescue 营救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多长时间 how often 多久，指平率 how soon 还要多久（用于将来时
17、当中，用in+时间段答复）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的10. dig out 挖出11. shake-泛指“动摇，振动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖” 例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shaken with anger. quake- 指较剧烈的振动，如地震 例: The building quaked on its foundation Tremble- 指人由于寒冷、恐惊、担心等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖 例：Suddenly I saw her lips b
18、egin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. Shiver- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦 例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (roserisen)- vi, 上升；升起， 无被动语态；give rise to 引起 Raise（raisedraised）- vt, 举起；筹集；哺育 Arise ( arosearisen)-vt, 出现（常指问题或现象）13. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上声誉上的损害 例：He was injur
19、ed in a car accident. harm- 泛指“损害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的 例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt- 既可以指肉体上的损害，也可以指精神上的损害 例：1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word. wound- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤 例：The bullet wounded him i
20、n the arm.14. be prepared for = make preparations for 为做打算15. in ones honor 向表示敬意；为纪念 Be/ feel honored to do 做感到很荣幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言 opening speech 开幕词17. give/ provide shelter to 向供应庇护所 seek shelter from躲避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，发生happen to do sth. 偶尔；碰巧happen -指偶尔发生take plac
21、e-指事先支配好的事情发生二、语法-定语从句概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,全部格为whose)；或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词与定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。1. 关系代词that的用法关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delic
22、ious. (指物，作宾语)3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there (指人，作主语)4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作宾语)2. 关系代词which的用法 关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语 例：1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主语) 2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh
23、. (作宾语) 3. 关系代词who，whom的用法关系代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语与宾语 例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语) 2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、 4. 关系代词whose在的用法 关系代词whose为关系代词who的全部格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose与它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。 例：1）This is the scientist whose na
24、me is known all over the world. (指人，作主语) 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语) 3）He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物，作宾语) 5. 关系副词when的用法 关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语 例：1）Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm. 2) Do you remember the afternoon whe
25、n (=on which) we first met three years ago6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语 例：1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met. 2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean.7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法 关系副词why在定语从句中作缘由状语 例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason w
26、hy(= for which) I left. 2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero一、重点词汇1. selfish 自私的 selfless 无私的2. devote oneself to 致力于；献身于3. fight against 对抗，反对 fight for 为 而战4. principle 原则 principal 校长；主要的5. offer guidance to 给供应指导6. out of wo
27、rk 失业7. join 参加（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员） join in 参与（活动） take part in 参与（活动）8. as + adj +as one can 尽可能 = as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact 事实上（=in fact）10. blow up 爆炸，炸掉11. set up 建立 ; set about 着手，开场做（ set about doing sth.） set off 动身，动身 ; set out 开场，动身（set out to do sth.）12. be sentenced to 被判13.
28、 be equal to 与相等；胜任14. be proud of 为感到骄傲15. give out 分发 （give off 散发出（气味）16. die for 为而死 die of 死于（自身缘由，如疾病） die from 死于（外在缘由，如车祸）17. realize ones dream of 实现.的幻想18. only 位于句首时，要主谓倒装 例：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 二语法-定语从句 详见第四单元