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1、英语下册学问点总结一、重点短语1. look at 看一看2. over there 在那边 3. in English 用英语4. excuse me 打搅了5. in the pond 在池塘里6. play with 和 一起玩7. of course 当然8. swim well 游泳好9. pet shop 宠物店10. a lot of 许多11. jump through a ring 越过圆环12. ride a horse 骑马13. ride a bike 骑自行车14. climb up a ladder 爬梯子15. come here 过来16. come along
2、 过来17. come with me 跟我来18. show around 带参观19. this way 这边走20. borrow from 从借21. borrow books 借书22. read stories 读故事23. make things 制作东西24. speak English 说英语25. draw pictures 画画26. have art classes 上美术课27. dance room 舞蹈教室28. how often 多久一次29. science lab 科学试验室 30. language lab 语音室31. how many 多少32. o
3、ther activities 其他活动33. do experiments 做试验34. do listening 练听力35. observe things 视察事物36. do speaking 练口语37. New Years Day 元旦38. meeting hall 会议大厅39. Childrens Day 儿童节40. be good at 擅长41. be interested in 对感爱好42. music club 音乐俱乐部43. no one 没有人44.play the violin 拉小提琴45. art club 美术俱乐部46. come into 进入4
4、7.listen to music 听音乐48. cut out 剪下49. come from 来自50. up and down 上上下下51. in groups 成组52. science corner 科学角53. group work 小组活动54. do project work 做工程制作55. art corner 美术角56. computer corner 电脑角57.play football 踢足球58. be famous for 因著名59. study plants and animals 探讨动植物60. do exercises 做运动61. on the
5、field 在操场上62. do printing on the paper 在纸上印刷63. how about 怎么样？64.go on field trips 田野考察65. play volleyball 打排球66. play basketball 打篮球67. play hockey 打曲棍球68. play rugby 打橄榄球 69. in the forest 在森林里70. have a look at 看一看71. here you are 给你 72. how much 多少（钱）73. a pair of 一双；一对74. try on 试穿75. shoe shop
6、 鞋店76. clothes shop 服装店77. make a shopping list 做购物单78. sports shop 体育用品商店79. cake shop 蛋糕店80. pay for 付钱81. feel well 感觉好82. see a doctor 看医生83. take good care of 好好照看84. have a bad cold 得了重感冒85. have a fever 发烧86. have a stomachache 胃疼87. have a headache 头疼88. have a toothache 牙疼89. have a cough 咳
7、嗽90. go to a concert 听音乐会91. do maths problems 做数学题 92. go to the music club 去音乐俱乐部93. have to 不得不94. stay in bed 待在床上95. get well 康复 96. be worried about 担忧97. dont worry 别担忧98.help with 扶植做某事99. in the hospital 在医院里二、重点短语讲解1. play with 和一起玩play with sb.(某人) 和一起玩 play with sth.(某物) 玩某物e.g. Lucy and
8、 Lily are playing with their mother. Lucy and Lily are playing with their doll.2. a lot of 许多 a lot of = lots of + 可数名词复数或不行数名词e.g. 同义句转换 There are a lot of apples on the table. = There are _ _ apples on the table. (答案：lots of)3. how often 多久一次how often 是一个特别疑问词，就频率提问。英语表示频率的词：一次：once两次：twice 特别其他次数
9、：基数词+times 构成 例如：8次 eight timese.g. -How often do you go to the library-I go to the library once a week. (注：如就划线局部提问，应用特别疑问词how often)4. how many 多少how many/much 就数量提问 how many + 可数名词；how much + 不行数名词e.g.- How many boys are there in your class - There are 40 boys in my class.- How much water is ther
10、e in the bottle - There is a little water in the bottle.5. be good at 擅长 at 后 可加名词 如加动词，动词应用动名词形式 既 v + inge.g. I am good at English.6. be interested in 对感爱好in 后 可加名词 如加动词，动词应用动名词形式 既 v + inge.g. I am interested in English.7. play the violin 拉小提琴 乐器前加定冠词 the8. listen to music 听音乐 听，用listen to （1）. 听
11、音乐前，不加定冠词the （2）. 听收音机前，要加定冠词the : listen to the radio9. come from 来自，come from = be from， I come from China. = I am from China.易错点：Where are you come from (错误) Where do you come from (正确)10. play football 踢足球 球类名词前不加冠词11 be famous for 因著名12. have a look at 看一看have a look at = look at13. how much 多少
12、（钱）how much 用来询问价格14. a pair of 一双；一对 a pair of glasses; a pair of trousers; a pair of gloves 15. try on 试穿试穿鞋子 try on the shoes = try the shoes on试穿它 此处它是代词，只能放在 try on 之间 try it on14. see a doctor 看医生常用表示“看”的单词有： watch; see; look; readwatch: 用于看电视，竞赛等； watch TV watch football matchsee: 看见 强调结果，看到什
13、么；看医生、看电影时用see ; see a film; see a doctor15. take good care of 好好照看 take (good) care of = look after16. have a fever 发烧have a + 表示病症的单词 have a fever; have a toothache; have a headachehave + 病名 have measles (麻疹) have mumps (腮腺炎)17. have to 不得不， Her mother is ill, she has to look after her mother, so
14、she cant come to the party.重点：含有have to 的句子变否认 用dont 或 doesnte.g. She has to finish her homework.She doesnt have to finish her homework. (正确) She has not to finish her homework.(错误)18. be worried about 担忧 She is worried about her exam.19. help with 扶植做某事 help with = help sb. (to) do sth.Peter helps
15、her mother with the housework. = Peter helps her mother (to) do the housework.三、重点单词用法1. call v. 称作 What do you call it in English2. like v. 宠爱 sth. I like English very much.like to do sth. I like reading very much, but I dont like to read now.doing sth.3. lets + 动词原形 Lets (=let us) make animals. le
16、t sb. do sth. 让某人做某事4. want v. 想，想要want sth. I want a piece of paper.to do sth. I want to watch TV.5. 情态动词情态动词很简洁，没有人称数之变，动词原形后边站，can表实力 may答应 should应当 would愿 must必需 ，否认neednt换 have to不得不表客观四、重点语法 A) 一般如今时1. 概念：一般如今时表示常常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 2. 构成：一般如今时的构成主要有两种形式： （1）be型：句子的谓语动词只有be（am，is或are）： a确定句中，只出现b
17、e，如： I am a student我是一名学生。 b否认句中，要在be后面加not，如： She isnt a teacher她不是老师。 c一般疑问句，要将be放在句子开头（留意句首字母大写），句尾用问号，答语用Yes，主语+be或No，主语 + be + not如： Are you ready？你准备好了吗？ Yes，I am是的，我准备好了。 （No，Im not不，我没准备好。） （2）实义动词型：句中的谓语动词为实义动词（也叫行为动词）： a确定句中，只出现实义动词，如： I get up in the morning我早晨起床。 b否认句中，要在实义动词前面加do（does）n
18、ot，do（does）作助动词，本身无意义，常与not缩写成dont（doesnt），如： I dont like vegetables我不宠爱蔬菜。 c一般疑问句，要在句子开头加助动词Do（does），句尾用问号，简单答语用Yes，主语+do（does）或No，主语+do（does）not如： Do you like oranges？你宠爱桔子吗？ Yes，I do是的，我宠爱。 （No，I dont不，我不宠爱。） 3. 一般如今时的用法 1) 常常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday I leave
19、home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 留意：此用法假如出如今宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般如今时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 如今时刻的状态、实力、性格、特性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wan
20、g writes good English but does not speak well. 比拟：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. B) 一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及准备、支配或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、根本构造： be going to + do； will+ do.三、否认句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或
21、will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend五、对划线局部提问。一般状况，一般将来时的对划线局部有三种状况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im goin
22、g to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do. 例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When. 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to
23、go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.七、be going to和will 的区分 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或状况，但它们的用法是有区分的。1. be going to主要用于：(1)、表示事先经过考虑、支配好准备要做的事情。 What are you going to do today 今日你们准备做什么？ Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. 今日下午我和爸爸准备去看京剧。 Im going to p
24、lay the violin. 我准备拉小提琴。 Shes going to play the piano. 她准备弹钢琴。 (2)、表示依据目前某种迹象推断，某事特别有可能发生。e.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 唯恐我要患重感冒。2. will主要用于在以下几个方面：(1)、表示单纯的将来“将要”通用各个人称。e.g. They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
25、明天他们将去工厂参观。Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。(2)、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然开展的将来的事。e.g. Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.今日是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。(3)、问对方是否情愿做某事或表示客气地邀请或吩咐.e.g. Will you please turn on the radio 请翻开收音
26、机好吗？C) 如今进展时构成:主语+be+动词ing如今分词形式 第一人称+ am + v-ing 第二人称+ are + v-ing 第三人称+ is +v-ing 如今进展时的根本用法： a. 表示如今( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. b. 习惯进展：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进展。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 已经确定或支配好的将来活动 Im leav
27、ing for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经支配了） were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了） d. 有些动词（状态动词不用于进展时态） (1)表示知道或理解的动词:believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand (2)表示“看起来”“看上去appear, resemble, seem (3)表示宠爱或不宠爱hate, like, lover, prefer (4)表示构成或来源的动词 be, come, from, contain, include (5)表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste (6)表示拥有的动词belong to, need, own, possess, want, wish