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1、高考-非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词包括如今分词和过去分词、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即： doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的改变形式，如： 如今分词 doing : 有being done被动式 ; having done 完成式; having been done 完成被动式 不定式 to do : 有to be done 被动式; to have done 完成式; to be doing进展式 动名词 doing : 有having done完成式; being done被动式 ; 非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征
2、，虽然它们没有人称和数的改变，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具出名词的特征；不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的特征。详细来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。 下面分别对三种非谓语动词进展讲解：一 动词不定式先看几个例句，推断不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult .2 His wish is to be a driver . 3Tom wanted to have a
3、 cup of beer . 4The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5I have nothing to say . 6They went to see their aunt . 7Its easy to see their aunt.8I dont know what to do next .9I heard them make a noise .说明：1动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4动词不定式作宾语补足语，5动词不定式作定语,6动词不定式作目的状语,7动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形
4、式主语。8带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 驾驭动词不定式应留意的几个问题：1 “to 是不定式符号还是介词，以下短语中的to 都是介词。 agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to 2 带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to giv
5、e in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom . 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom . 3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of . Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 及of 连用的形容词有： good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , care
6、less , polite , possible 4后接不定式作宾语的动词有： want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.须要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式干脆做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语
7、。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5不定式的省略。以下短语中，假如意义明确，经常省略到to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to 6不定式作定语，应留意两种关系：1动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting t
8、o attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot . There is no time to think ( about ) . 2主谓关系： She is always the last ( person) to
9、 speak at the meeting . -Im going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )-Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I ) 7不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1 缘由 He is lucky to get here on time . 这种构造中常用的形容词有： happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky ,
10、 fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came to help me with my maths . 3) 结果 I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 8 . 不定式作补足语 I saw him play i
11、n the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有： see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now.二动名词Learning English is very difficult .学英语特别困难。His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing .我喜爱
12、跳舞。I have got used to living in the country . 我已经习惯了住农村。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。留意以下几种构造：1Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2Its no use talking with him . Its no good
13、speaking to them like that . 3Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词交换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 留意以下几个问题： 1以下动词后跟不定式及跟动名词作宾语意义有区分， forget to do 遗忘要做某事 forget doing 遗忘做了某事try doing 试着做某事try to do 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do 学着去做某事learn
14、 doing 学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停顿做某事go on to do 接着做另外一件事go on doing 接着做某事used to do 过去做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事learn to do 学着去做某事learn doing 学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停顿做某事go on to do 接着做另外一件事go on doing 接着做某事used to do 过去做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事remember to do记住要做某事remember do
15、ing 记着做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事mean doing 意味着做了某事regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing 对做过去的事后悔cant help to do不能扶植做某事cant help doing 不由自主做某事try to do 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do 学着去做某事learn doing 学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停顿做某事go on to do 接着做另外一件事go on doing 接着做某事used to do 过去做某事be used to d
16、oing 习惯做某事2动名词作定语及如今分词作定语意义有区分动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义如今分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词 ， 后者是如今分词又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3 动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的全部格形式。例如：His coming made
17、 us very happy . 4动名词的语态和时态 5动名词主动形式表被动的状况： need doing , want doing , require doing 例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间须要粉刷。 6只能跟动名词作宾语的动词： admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , re
18、quire , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , cant help , cant stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include , 三 分词 1 The story is interesting . Im interested in it . 这个故事有爱好，我对这个故事感爱好。 2 . This is a moving film . 这是一部动人的电影。 3. The s
19、ecretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president . 秘书工作到深夜，为主席打算一篇长篇演讲稿。 4. Given more time , Ill do it well . 假如给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank . 当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。 应留意的几个问题： 1如今分词及过去分词的区分 Do you
20、 know the woman talking to Tom = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country. 2分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging . They got
21、 very excited . 1如今分词及过去分词作表语的区分： The news is interesting . He is interested in the news .doing 作表语，主语及表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语及表语是动宾关系。 2表语及被动式的区分：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .强调动作 The blackboard is broken . Youd better have it repaired.强调状态 3常作表语的过去分词： amused , injured , covered , known , d
22、ressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done 3如今分词、动名词 如今进展时的区分The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 如今进展时
23、)My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)能答复how-question 的是如今分词，能答复what-question 的动名词，即不能答复how-question 也不能答复what-question 的是如今进展时。 例如： How is the situation in our country It is encouraging . What is your job My job is looking after the little baby . 4留意的四种构造： have something to do 有某事要做 have
24、something done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事始终做着5 须要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat , prepare , hide , dress 如：I seated myself on the chair .I was seated on the chair . 6分词做状语及不定式的区分： 分词做状语表示时间、缘由、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。 Having finished the homework , I went home . 时间 Being a
25、Party member , I should work hard . 缘由 Given more time ,I can do my work better . 条件 He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. 伴随 To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 ) He is old enough to join the army . 结果 7分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区分 a running horse 如今分词 = a horse that is ru
26、nning a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区分：I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . 正在进展 The bu
27、ilding completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . 过去 9分词做状语须要留意的一个问题： 分词及句子主语的逻辑关系 Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 ) Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . 正确 Seeing 及the city 不是主谓关系；seen 及city 是动宾关系-高考英语语法强化训练(非谓语动词)( )1.European football is played in 80 cou
28、ntries ,_it the most popular sport in the world A. making B, makes C. made D to make( )2The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year . A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried outD. to carry out ( )3.The purpose of new technologies in to make life easier, _it more diffic
29、ult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make( )4.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the doctor _,Sorry to miss you; will call later.A. read B. reads C. to read D. readingv worked with children before ,so I know what _in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting
30、D. expects( )6.Acomputer does only what thinking people _.A. have it to B. nave it done C. have done it D. having it done( )7.What worried the child most was _to visit his mother in the hospital . A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed( ) 8.C
31、leanig woman in big cities usually get _by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay( )9.They are not very good, but we like_.A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anywayC. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway( )10 He sent me an
32、 e-mail ,_to get further information.A. hoped B hoping C. to hope D. hope( )11._is 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being rounded B it was founded C. Founded D. Founding( )12,The _boy was last seen _near the East Lake.A. Missing, playing B. missing, playC
33、 missed ,played D missed ,to play( )13.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D not having been invited( )14.-Do your brother intend to study German- Yes ,he intends _.- A. / B. to C. so D. that( )15.He claimed _in the supermark
34、et when he was doing shopping yesterday.A. being badly treated B. treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated( )16.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_.A. to never B never to be brokenC. never to have broken D. never to be breaking( )17.She asked me to help her
35、, _that she couldnt move the heavy suitcase alone A. only to realize B. realizing C. having been realized D. realized( )18.Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know country be studied in . A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D to have been studying ( )19.-Let me tell you something about the
36、journalists.- Dont you remember _me the story yesterdayA. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told( )20,There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosing( )21-Mum ,why do you always make me eat an egg every day -_enough protein and n
37、utrition as you are growing up. A. Get B Getting C To get D. To be going( )22 .The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the_. A.20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining20 dollars( )23.Will those _the children from abroad come to the headmasters o
38、ffice A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching( )24.While building a tunnel though the mountains,_.A. an underground lake was discoveredB. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake( ) 25.I meant _,but when I w
39、as leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D doing to ( )26._more time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given( )27. Do you have any letters _ today -I had my son _it this morning .Thank you anyway. A. post , to post B. posting ,post C
40、. being posting , posted D. to be post ,post ( )28.He went to American _some English as well as _. A. learning ,to travel B. learning, traveling C. to learn, travel D. to learn ,to travel( )29.The party was a success ,but we thought it a pity not _you. A. to invite B. to be inviting C. to have invit
41、ed D. to be invited( )30.When I handed the report to Hohn , he said that George was the person_.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to ( )31Once your business because international, _constantly will be part of your life.A. your fly B. your flight C. fight D. flying( )32“
42、Can you read Mary said _to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing( )33. At first he didnt mean _ part, but he couldnt resist _a try. A. to take ,having B. taking, to have C. to take, to have D. taking, having( )34.The walls of the rooms are said
43、 _white in no time. A. to be painted B. painted C. to paint D. having been painted( )35.We are not _fools _believe what he says. A. such, as B. so, to C. such, who are D. such, as to( )36.The old man seems _here for more than twenty years. A. to be living B. to have lived C. to have been lived D. to
44、 live( )37The explosion sent us _in all directions.A. run B. running C to run D. ran( )38.I regret _you that we are unable to offer you employment . A. to have inform B. having informC. to inform D. informing( )39.Did you see that boy _the police over there. A. questioned B. to be questioned C. being questioned D. questioning( )40._everything into consideration ,they ought to