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1、情态动词情态动词是一种本身有确定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起运用，给谓语动词增加情态色调，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的看法和看法，认为其可能、应当或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might)可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need，will具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to，ought to情态动词表揣测：一肯一否三不定（must一肯，can not一否，may，might，could，三不定。）注：mustnt代表剧烈制止 must表示主观，have to表示客观。常用的有：canm
2、aycouldmust haveuse.情态动词无人称和数的改变，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否认式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。个别情态动词有如今式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，如今或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词表推想的用法小结（一）情态动词表推想的三种句式1在确定句中一般用must （确定），can,could（可能），might /may（或许，或许）。e.g:(1)He must/can/may,might know the answer to this question.他确定/可能/或许知道这个问题的答案。
3、(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷，他们确定把暖气关了。2否认句中用cant / couldnt（不行能），may not/might not（可能不）。e.g:(1)It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不行能是校长，他去美国了。(2)He may not/might not know the scientist.他或许不相识那位科学家。3疑问句中用can/could （能）。e.g:(1)Could he h
4、ave finished the task他可能把任务完成了吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might,could并非may,can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。（二）情态动词表推想的三种时态1对将来状况的推想，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。e.g:(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00前她确定/可能/或许到。2对如今或一般状况的推想，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。e.g:(1)He must / may / might / co
5、uld be listening to the radio now.他确定/可能/或许正在听收音机。(2)He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.这个时候他不行能/可能不在家。3对过去状况的推想，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。e.g:(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.地湿了，昨晚确定/可能/或许下雨了。(2)The door was locked. He can ( could )
6、 not / may ( might ) not have been at home .门锁着，他不行能/可能不在家。注：情态动词 should /ought to表推想时，意为“想必会，理应”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应当做某事却没做”。例如：(4)Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.如今七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推想）（5）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no ha
7、rm. （虚拟）汤姆本不该告知我你的隐私，可是他并无恶意。can 和could 表示推想的用法对如今或将来的推想，两者均可用，但can 通常只用于否认句或疑问句中，一般不用于确定句，而could则可用于确定句、否认句和疑问句；对过去的推想，应在 can,could 之后接动词的完成式，且此时can仍只用于否认句或疑问句，不用于确定句；而could 则可用于各种句型。如：Can Could this be true 这能是真的吗Where can could he have gone 他能到哪里去了呢She cant couldnt have left so soon. 她不行能走得这么早。注：
8、could后接动词的完成式，除表示对过去的推想外，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性（即某事原来可以发生，却没发生），或委婉地责怪某人过去应当做某事而没有去做（此时不用can）。如：You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。You neednt have cooked it. We could have eaten it raw. 你其实可以不煮熟（它），我们（原来）可以生吃。can 和could 表示允许的用法表示如今的允许时，若是恳求别人允许自己做某事，两者均可用，但用could 语气更委婉；若是自己允许别人做某事，一般只用 can，而不
9、用 could。如：Can Could I come in 我可以进来吗“Could Can I use your pen ” “Yes,of course you can.” “我可以借用你的钢笔吗”“当然可以。”（不能说Yes,you could.)表示过去的允许时，若表示过去一般性允许（即表示某人随时都可以做某事），用could；若表示在过去某一特定状况下允许进展某一特定的活动，则不用 could。如：When I lived at home,I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 我住在家里时，想什么时候看电影就可以什么时候看。（一般性允许）I w
10、as allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。（特定的允许，不能用 could)can 和could 表示实力的用法can 表示如今的实力，could 表示过去的实力，要表示将来具备的实力通常 be able to 的将来时态。其中要留意的是，could 表示过去的实力，通常只用于表示过去一般性实力，而不表示过去详细某次特定情形下可以做某事的实力。如：他学习很努力，所以考试能及格。误：He studied hard and could pass the exam.正：He studied hard and was able
11、 to pass the exam.注：若在否认句中没有以上限制，即couldnt 可表示过去特定状况下的实力，如可说 He studied hard but still couldnt pass the exam.口诀：情态动词两特点动词原形接后面，说话语气较委婉。can 实力may答应，must责任或义务。否认答复neednt换，须要need, dare敢。should应当，would愿，have to被迫表客观。情态动词专项练习题1. - Where is Mary - She _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D.
12、must have been2. His room is dark. He must _ to bed. A. go B. be going C. have gone D. have been gone3. “Will your father stay home tonight” “Im not sure, He _to work.” A. must go B. can go C. may be gone D. may be going4. “Where is Tom” “He isnt here I think he _ have gone home.” A. may B. must C.
13、might D. A or B or C5. “I think Helen is at home.” “ No, she _ be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. darent6. Hes late. What _ have happened to him A. can B. may C. should D, must7. “ _ he be watching TV now” Yes, he _ be watching TV no
14、w.” No, he _ be watching TV now.” A. Must; can; mustnt B. Can; must; cant C. Must; must; cant D. Can; can; mustnt8. “_. He have left yesterday” Yes, he _ yesterday.” No, he _ yesterday.” A. Must; must have left; cant have left B. Can; can have left; cant have left C. Can; must have left; cant have l
15、eft D. May; must have left; shouldnt have left9. You must be a writer, _ you A. mustnt B. are C. must D. arent10. You must have seen her yesterday, _ you A. mustnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont11. You must have seen her, _ you A. havent B. didnt C. dont D. A or B12. There was plenty of time. She _ worr
16、ied or hurried. A. mustnt have B. shouldnt have C. must be D. neednt have13. I got up early, but I _ so because I had no work to do that morning. A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to do C. neednt have done D. cant have done14. I _ up early this morning. So I stayed in bed till 9 a. m. A. neednt have
17、 got B. didnt need to get C. shouldnt have got D. cant have got15. The flower is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didnt. A. could B. should C. ought to D. A or B or C17. “Must he do it” “No, he _.” A.
18、 mustnt B. neednt C. doesnt have to D. B or C18. “Need you go now” “Yes, I _.” “No, I _.” A. need; neednt B. must; neednt C. may; mustnt D. can; neednt19. “May I borrow your bike” “No, you _.” A. mustnt B. may not C. had better not D. cant20. “Can I do it” “No, you _.”or “No, please _.” A. cant; doe
19、snt B. cant; dont C. cant; cant D. cant; you dont21. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to22. We _ hurry if we want to arrive in time. A. must B. need C. may D. have to23. He ought to have won the first prize, _ he A. oughtnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. ough
20、tnt to24. He _ get up early when he lived in the countryside. A. would B. used to C. mustnt D. cant25. My brother _ be very naughty, and my sister _ like reading. A. used to; would B. would; used to C. used to; used to D. would; would26. _ you please pass on a message to him A. Do B. Shall C. May D.
21、 Will27. _ we set off now A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. ought28. “_ he open the window” Yes, please.” A. Does B. will C. Shall D. Would29. Ive told him many times, but he _ listen to my advice. A. shall not B. wont C. will not D. wouldnt30. “Will you lend me a hand” “Yes, I _.” A. will B. shall C. ca
22、n D. may31. Everyone _ do his best for the modernization of China. A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you32. Lets clean our room, _ A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you33. Let us watch TV, _ A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you34. Close the door after you, _ you A. dont B. do C. shall D. will35. Every time he meets me, he _ to me. A. smiled B. would smile C. will smile D. is smiling答案1-5 BCCDC 6-10 ABCDC 11-15 DDCBD 16-20 DDBDB21-25 DDDDC 26-30 DACDA 31-35 CCADC