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1、-Focus on global warmingTwenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the local library and perused the periodical section for articles on global warming, youd probably have come up with only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals or maybe a blurb in some esoteric geopolitical magazine. As an
2、Internet search on global warming now attests, the subject has become as rooted in our public consciousness as Madonna or microwave cooking.Perhaps all this attention is deserved. With the possible exception of another world war, a giant asteroid, or an incurable plague, global warming may be the si
3、ngle largest threat to our planet. For decades human factories and cars have spewed billions of tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the climate has begun to show some signs of warming. Many see this as a harbinger of what is to come. If we dont curb our greenhouse gas emissions, then l
4、ow-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the world could change, hurricanes could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense.Our Warming Planet What has worried many people now is that over the past 250 years humans have been artificially raisin
5、g the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out a seemingly endless stream of carbon dioxide. We produce millions of pounds of methane by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of m
6、ethane-belching cattle. Nitrogen-based fertilizers, which we use on nearly all our crops, release unnatural amounts of nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. Once these carbon-based greenhouse gases get into the atmosphere, they stay there for decades or longer. According to the Intergovernmental Panel
7、 on Climate Change (IPCC), since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide levels have increased 31 percent and methane levels have increased 151 percent. Paleoclimate readings taken from fossil records show that these gases, two of the most abundant greenhouse gases, are at their highest levels in
8、the past 420,000 years. Many scientists fear that the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have prevented additional thermal radiation from leaving the Earth. In essence, these gases are trapping excess heat in the Earths atmosphere in much the same way that a windshield traps solar energy t
9、hat enters a car. Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears. Temperature data gathered from many different sources all across the globe show that the surface temperature of the Earth, which includes the lower atmosphere and the surface of the ocean, has risen dramatically over se
10、veral decades. Worldwide measurements of sea level show a rise of 0.l to 0.2 meters over the last century. Thats an increase of roughly 1 every 4,000 years. Readings gathered from glaciers reveal a steady recession of the worlds continental glaciers. Taken together, all of these data suggest that ov
11、er the last century the planet has experienced the largest increase in surface temperature in 1,000 years. Not surprisingly, many scientists speculate that such changes in the climate will probably result in hotter days and fewer cool days. According to the IPCC, land surface areas will increase in
12、temperature over the summer months much more than the ocean. The mid-latitude to high-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphereareas such as the continental United States, Canada, and Siberiawill likely warm the most. These regions could exceed mean global warming by as much as 40 percent. As far
13、as human health is concerned, those hit hardest will probably be residents of poorer countries that do not have the funds to fend against changes in climate. A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regions would likely spark an increase in vector-borne diseases such as malaria. More intense
14、 rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds. Even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten the coastlines of low-lying islands such as the Maldives. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead to more cases of heat stroke and d
15、eaths among those who are vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems. The warmer temperatures may also lead to higher levels of near-surface ozone from cars and factories, which would likely cause more perilous air quality days and hospital admissions for those with respiratory problems.Ta
16、king actionsFortunately, we can take actions to slow global warming. Global warming results primarily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air. The most important causes include the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation. To red
17、uce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, we can curb our consumption of fossil fuels, use technologies that reduce the amount of emissions wherever possible, and protect the forests in the world.We can also do things to mitigate the impacts of global w
18、arming and adapt to those most likely to occur, e.g., through careful planning and other strategies that reduce our vulnerability to global warming. But we cant stop there. We are also advocating policies that will combat global warming over the long term, things like using clean cars that run on al
19、ternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.Clearly, global warming is a huge problem. It will take everyonegovernments, industry, communities and individuals working together to make a real difference. Fortunately you can be part of them.第 9 页-