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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语专八翻译英译汉冲刺练习【精品文档】第 15 页2011年专八真题：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛盾，许多时候你别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“忙碌着”。譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，搞恶我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容搞得人一下子兴趣全无。接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。2011年专八真题参考
2、答案：汉译英部分Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are “at ease” or “in a rush”.For example, we are enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive ph
3、one calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work-so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features-and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious stat
4、e of mind.英语专八翻译英译汉冲刺练习：追忆往事 The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome
5、( it was before the time of railways ) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her w
6、indow, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with
7、 the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the suns beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars. 译文： 老太太总以自家花园里那棵高大的玫瑰树为荣.她非常喜欢告诉别人,数年前她初次结婚时从罗马带回来的枝条,是如何长成如今
8、这般高大的.那时,她与丈夫乘马车从罗马旅行归来(那时还没有火车),途经锡耶那南部的崎岖路段时,马车坏了,他们被迫就宿于路边的小屋里.住宿条件当然非常差;她一夜未能安眠,一早便起身穿好衣服,立于窗前,感受着扑面而来的席席凉风,等待着黎明的到来.事隔多年,她仍然记得那情景.明月高悬在青山群峦之上.远处山峰上的小镇逐渐明亮起来,月亮慢慢消退,晨曦把群山涂得粉红.突然之间,一束阳光照亮了城镇.城里的窗户相继明亮起来,反射出耀眼的光芒.最后,整个小城宛若繁星,在天空中不停闪烁.交流：模考：与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活
9、中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到诗经里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literat
10、ure finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, wh
11、ich recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are belived to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.2010年英语专业八级考
12、试翻译真题及参考答案1.英译汉I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing，as it seemed to me，at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual
13、，and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height，and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living
14、 creature was to be seen, excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves，and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved，just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer when that child di
15、ed.我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨;那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷;不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间; 树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。2.汉译英朋友之间，情趣相投、
16、脾气对味则合、则交，反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬，这样，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的一片私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，有时或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉.For the relationship between friends, similar habits and tempers help to make it closer; on the other hand, opposite ones leave di
17、stance from each other. No matter how familiar and intimate the friends are, the relationship should be treated carefully and respect should be treasured for friends. Otherwise, the partnership and balance would be broken, as a result, a good relationship would no longer exist.Everyone has a desire
18、for his own personal space, which could be easily invaded if the attitude between friends is too free. Then conflicts appear, causing barriers. Although it seems a small case of not respecting friends, harmful seeds may be sowed to ruin the relationship. In a word, the best way to keep positive frie
19、ndship is associating with temperate manners and without too much interference.2010年专八真题改错原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers
20、want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of
21、 their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a
22、defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habituall
23、y used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century co
24、uld not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish
25、between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2010 年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入 as; 2 their改为its; 3 There改为It; 4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为much6 come改为bring; 7 similar改为different; 8 will改为would; 9 as import
26、ant去掉as; 10 the part去掉the2010年专八真题汉译英参考答案Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no re
27、spect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation.
28、 It may be a small matter to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.2010年专八真题英译汉参考答案我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨;那天是复活节，一个大清早上。我站在自家小屋的门口。就在我的面前展现出了那么一番景色
29、，从我那个位置其实能够尽收眼底，可是梦里的感觉往往如此，由于梦幻的力量，这番景象显得超凡出尘，一派肃穆气象。群山形状相同，其山脚下都有着同样可爱的山谷;不过群山挺然参天，高于阿尔卑斯峰，诸山相距空旷，丰草如茵，林地开阔，错落其间; 树篱上的白玫瑰娟娟弥望;远近看不见任何生物，唯有苍翠的教堂庭院里，牛群静静地卧躺在那片郁郁葱葱的墓地歇息，好几头围绕着一个小孩的坟墓。我曾对她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日东升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同当年那样望着牛群。2010年专八真题作文参考答案The important role of a citys local conditions in the urban
30、 designRecently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the citys unique characteristics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not li
31、ke it. In my opinion, any urban design should take the citys original cultural heritage into account. The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.First, a citys regional characteristics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its ide
32、ntity. In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the citys landscapes. Without these landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel. Take Beijing for example. In the past few years, Beijing has been rem
33、oving a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city. But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle
34、, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself. Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources. This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainou
35、s area near Guiyang. We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich. Unconventional, super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input. Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the citys original purpose of developing itself. Instead, if connections bet
36、ween a citys culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process. More haste, less speed. Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortc
37、omings of futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.In conclusion, any urban design should take the citys original cultural heritage into account. The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources. A scientific city design
38、 should be dependent on the citys regional characteristics, on a case-by-case basis.It is certain no literal translation can be just to an excellent original in a superior language: but it is a great mistake to imagine (as many have done) that a rash paraphrase can make amends for this general defec
39、t; which is no less in danger to lose the spirit of an ancient, by deviating into the modern manners of expression. If there be sometimes a darkness, there is often a light in antiquity, which nothing better preserves than a version almost literal. I know no liberties one ought to take, but those wh
40、ich are necessary to transfusing the spirit of the original, and supporting the poetical style of the translation: and I will venture to say, there have not been more men misled in former times by a servile, dull adherence to the letter, than have been deluded in ours by a chimerical, insolent hope
41、of raising and improving their author. It is not to be doubted, that the fire of the poem is what a translator should principally regard, as it is most likely to expire in his managing: however, it is his safest way to be content with preserving this to his utmost in the whole, without endeavouring
42、to be more than he finds his author is, in any particular place. It is a great secret in writing, to know when to be plain, and when poetical and figurative; and it is what Homer will teach us, if we will but follow modestly in his footsteps. Where his diction is bold and lofty, let us raise ours as
43、 high as we can; but where his is plain and humble, we ought not to be deterred from imitating him by the fear of incurring the censure of a mere English critic. Nothing that belongs to Homer seems to have been more commonly mistaken than the just pitch of his style: some of his translators having s
44、welled into fustian in a proud confidence of the sublime; others sunk into flatness, in a cold and timorous notion of simplicity. Methinks I see these different followers of Homer, some sweating and straining after him by violent leaps and bounds (the certain signs of false mettle), others slowly an
45、d servilely creeping in his train, while the poet himself is all the time proceeding with an unaffected and equal majesty before them. However, of the two extremes one could sooner pardon frenzy than frigidity; no author is to be envied for such commendations, as he may gain by that character of sty
46、le, which his friends must agree together to call simplicity, and the rest of the world will call dulness. There is a graceful and dignified simplicity, as well as a bold and sordid one; which differ as much from each other as the air of a plain man from that of a sloven: it is one thing to be trick
47、ed up, and another not to be dressed at all. Simplicity is the mean between ostentation and rusticity. 参考译文: 论古典文学的翻译 可以肯定，对于高贵语言著成的作品来说，直译是不恰当的：但认为粗略的解释可以弥补这一普遍的过失更是大错特错;滥用现代的表达方式，也会使古代作品的精神丧失殆尽。如果说在古典作品中不时有黑暗愚昧之处，其中也常有光明智慧的地方。而这些光明与智慧在近乎直译的译文中能更好地留存。我认为，文字的自由取决于是否是传达原作精神所必需，是否有助于译作诗风的保存。我敢说，过去虽有不少
48、亦步亦趋、机械地追求字面对应的迷途译者，但狂妄地抱有改进原作的不实理想的译者也不在少数。毋庸置疑，诗的火焰是每个翻译者都理应重视的，因为它在翻译过程中更加容易消失：然而，最安全的做法就是满足于从整体篇章上尽力保留这种特质，不要试图在任何细节上超越。写作的奥秘在于知道何时平淡，何时绮丽；如果我们肯虚心追随荷马的脚步，一定能从他身上学到这一点。他用词豪放恢宏之处，我们也要努力挥毫泼墨；他用词平淡朴素之处，我们也不能因怕受到几个评论家的责难便不加以模仿。对于荷马来说，其最遭人误解之处莫过适当的风格高度：有些译者一味盲信其无处不崇高，而致使译文浮夸失真；另外的一些译者沉迷于其简朴，因而过于拘谨呆板。我
49、看到荷马的追随着不尽相同：有些人奋步急追，汗流浃背（这是愚勇的表现），另外一些人缓慢、卑恭地追随其后，而诗人自己却庄严从容地继续前行。然而，在两个极端当中，狂热比冷淡更加容易得到宽容；没有人会嫉妒由冷淡的风格而博得赞赏的作家，其友人一定称之为简朴，而他人则称之为枯燥。优雅庄严的简朴是存在的，同样也有突兀暗淡的简朴；两者的区别犹如朴素人与邋遢者面貌的不同：着装打扮与衣着不整完全是两码事。简朴乃是介于虚饰与粗鄙之间的一种品性。The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between