物流英语基本概念.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流物流英语基本概念【精品文档】第 37 页物流英语基本概念一、物流基本概念：1. Logistics is referred to the article flow, but not including the flow of the people.物流是指物品流动，但不包括人流。2. The concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible service, such as customer service, freight agents and logistic

2、s network design.物流中，物品的概念包括有形的货物和无形的服务，如客户服务、货运代理及物流网络设计。3. Logistics documents generally refer to documentations required to complete all processes of logistics, such as contracts, bills, and notes. 物流单证一般是指完成整个物流过程所需的文件，如合同、票据、签单。4. The external logistics is about the macro economic activities, l

3、ike international trade and global investment.社会物流主要关于宏观经济活动，如国际贸易和全球投资。5. The four key procedures in the internal logistics are supply, production, distribution and reverse.企业物流的四个关键步骤是：供应、生产、销售和回收。6. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a system applied to maximize profits for all parties in the whole

4、 logistic system and other economic systems.供应链管理（SCM）是一个系统，应用于将整个物流系统与其他经济体系的所有各方的利益最大化。7. A standarized logistic system ensures better time management, location choices and distribution capacities.一个标准化的物流管理系统应确保更好的时间管理、地点选择和分配能力。8. Distribution capacity is value added in the logistic system.配送能力是

5、物流系统的增值(服务)。9. Logistics system includes customer service, packaging, transportation, storage, distribution processing and information control.物流系统包括客户服务，包装，运输，仓储，流通加工和信息控制。10. Market share is the proportion of sales of a good or service provided by one company to the industry sales of such good or

6、service.市场份额是指一家公司提供的商品或服务等占行业销售的该商品或服务的比例。11. The need for outsourcing creates Third Party Logistics.(3PL)外包需求催生第三方物流。12. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is software to manage the relationship and communication between customers and suppliers.客户关系管理（CRM）是管理软件，用于管理客户及供应商之间的沟通与关系。13. Exclusive

7、 distribution refers to the fact that there is only one wholesaler or retailer who selling a product or providing a certain service.专业配送是指，只有一个批发商或零售商销售某种产品或提供某种服务。14. A logistic model is a standardized module that is used to regulate the cargo transportation, manage logistics facilities and equipme

8、nts.物流模型(模数)是一个标准化的模块，用于调节货物运输、管理物流设施和设备。15Letter of credit (L/C) is used exclusively by the buyer. It is a letter issued by the bank employed by the buyer which authorizes the bearer (the supplier or seller) to draw a stated amount of money from the issuing bank.信用证(L/C)使用时完全由买方承担。它是由受雇于买方的银行发行的一封信

9、，授权信用证的持有者从发信银行提取指定额度的资金。16. A logistics center consists of a series of integrated logistic activities, processes, equipments, and information network.物流中心由一系列的综合物流活动，过程，设备，信息网络组成。17. Third Party Logistics refers to specialized logistics service providers that provide specific services for suppliers

10、 and customers.第三方物流是指专业化的物流服务提供商，为供应商和客户提供具体服务。18. Customized logistics refer to a logistic system or process specifically designed to cater to an individual customers requirements and needs.定制物流是指一个专门设计的物流系统或过程，可迎合个别客户的要求和需要。19. Logistics alliance refers to the long term cooperation and business r

11、elationship between logistics supplier and customers.物流联盟是指物流供应商和客户之间的长期合作和业务关系。20. Bridge transport refers to containers transported by railway using the bridges that link both ends separated by river or oceans.桥运输是指借助于链接被河流或海洋隔开的两端的桥梁，通过铁路运输的集装箱。21. International logistics is a result of internati

12、onal commercial activities, cross border investment, and importing and exporting activities.国际物流是国际商业活动、跨境投资、进口和出口活动的结果。22. Time value in logistics refers to the differences in value of the same goods at different time.物流的时间价值是指同一商品在不同时间的价值差异。23. Location value in logistics refers to the differences

13、 in value of the same goods in different locations.物流的空间价值是指同一商品在不同地点的价值差异。24. Logistics vehicles include ships, trucks, trains and aircrafts used in the logistics process.物流运输工具包括在物流过程中使用的船只、卡车、火车和飞机。25. The main differences between the traditional and modern logistic systems are the usage of conta

14、iners and information technologies. 传统与现代物流系统的主要区别是对集装箱和信息技术的使用。26. Integrated logistics management was the early stage of Supply Chain Management (SCM).(一体化)物流管理是供应链管理（SCM）的早期阶段。27. International transport is the major part in international logistics.国际运输是国际物流的重要组成部分。28. Third Party Logistics assis

15、t the execution of logistic activities.第三方物流协助物流活动的执行。29. Fourth Party Logistics is the planner and manager for logistics network, while Third Party Logistics is the supplier of logistics service, like transport and storage.第四方物流是物流网络策划者和管理者，而第三方物流是物流服务供应商，如运输和储存。30. Supply Chain is the relationship

16、 between suppliers and customers. In the supply chain, suppliers rank before buyer, seller and customers.供应链是供应商与客户的关系。在供应链中，供应商排名在买方、卖方和客户之前。31. Logistics activities, especially transportation have a major impact on the environment. 物流活动，特别是运输对环境有重大影响。32. Logistics is a combination of applied techn

17、ology and business management. 物流是应用技术和业务管理的结合。33. Insurance is very important to logistics because of the potential hazards and dangers in the process, such as fire, theft, handling damage and even the natural disasters.对物流而言，保险非常重要，因为物流过程中有潜在危害和危险，如火灾、盗窃、损坏，甚至自然灾害。34. Costs for logistics are simil

18、ar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, variable cost and management cost.物流成本与所有其他商业活动类似，包括固定成本、可变成本和管理成本。35. The process to handle export and import with the international customs is the customs declaration. 与国际海关处理出口和进口的过程即报关。36. Customer services link all logistics activities effectiv

19、ely.客户服务有效地连接所有的物流活动。37. The bank is a third party in the payment process between the buyers and sellers.银行是在买家和卖家之间付款过程的第三方。38. Letter of Credit is issued by the buyers bank for the importers benefits.信用证由买方银行以进口商的名义签发。39. Industry competition leads to more efforts to improve customer service. 行业竞争

20、导致了更多努力，以改善客户服务。40. For small and medium-sized companies, logistics management is still largely decentralized.对于小型和中型公司，物流管理在很大程度上仍是分散的。41. Customer service is specially set up to provide services to handle and inquiry and respond to demands from customers.客户服务是专门设立提供服务，以处理、询问和响应来自客户的需求。42. Safety i

21、s always the top concern for warehouses to handle goods.安全始终是仓库货物处理最关心的问题。43. Logistics information refers general logistics knowledge, materials, images, data and documentation.物流信息是指一般的物流知识、资料、图像、数据和文件。44. Most large companies locate in the Central Business District of a city.大多数大型公司位于一个城市的中央商务区。4

22、5. In a bull market, market prices for most goods will continuously go up.在牛市中(买方)，大多数商品市场价格将不断上升。46. The payment of most global transactions is carried out in the form of letter of credit. 大多数全球交易的付款采用信用证的形式。47. Distribution processing value is the value added by changing the length, thickness and

23、package of goods.流通加工价值是通过改变货物的长度、厚度和包装产生的增值。48. Communication links the entire logistics process with customers.通信将整个物流过程与客户连接。49. Demand forecasting helps managers to use their resources effectively.需求预测可以帮助管理者有效地利用其资源。50. The process to operate and manage logistics is logistics control activities

24、. 操作和管理物流的过程就是物流控制活动。51. Supply logistics is the procedure in which orders are taken from customers and purchases are delivered to the warehouse belonged of the customers. 供应物流是一种程序，在其中，订单从客户获取，购买的物品则被配送到客户所属的仓库。52. Distribution processing is different from a manufacturing process.流通加工不同于制造过程。53. Di

25、stribution logistics is the delivery of process in which final products are delivered from sellers to buyers.配送物流是最终产品从卖方交付给买家的运送过程。二、储存功能：1. Storage is a process in which goods are stored, protected and managed.存储是货物的储存，保护和管理过程。2. Every manufacturer and wholesaler need inventory.每个制造商和批发商都需要存货。3. F

26、ixed Quantity System (FQS) is more accurate and convenient than Fixed Interval System (FIS).定量订货方式比定期订货方式更准确、更方便。4. Twenty-Eighty analysis method is the same as ABC classification.“20-80”分析法与ABC分类法相同。5. Zero Inventory is guaranteed by the full market supply and Just-In-Time (JIT). 充分的市场供应和JIT管理可以保证零

27、库存。6. Procurement is the process in which materials for production are ordered from customers.采购是客户订购生产资料的过程。7. Supply chain links all suppliers and customers along a system in which products and services are delivered.供应链通过一个产品和服务交付系统，连接所有供应商和客户。8. Cycle stock is the maximum inventory based on the

28、maximum needs.周转库存是基于最大需求的最大库存。9. Safe stock refers to minimum inventory level given the forecasted market demand. 安全库存是指基于预测市场需求的最低库存水平。10. The average time when the goods is moved in and out of warehouse is inventory cycle time.物品移入和移出仓库的平均时间是库存周转时间。11. Inventory control is the method to keep the

29、best inventory level and position with the minimum cost to satisfy the demand.库存控制是保持最佳库存水平和位置的方法，以最低成本满足需求。12. When the inventory is reduced to a specific level, purchase for new parts and material will start. It is called the Order Point System.当库存减少到一个特定水平，新零部件和原材料采购将启动。这就是所谓的订货点制度。13. Zero stock

30、 is means zero inventory.零库存是指零存货。14. Inspection is the operation to check the quantity, quality and package of the goods according to the contract and specific standards. 检验是按合同和具体标准，检查货物的数量、质量和包装。15. Goods that are stored in warehouses for distribution and sales are called inventory.存放在仓库待配送和销售的货物

31、被称为库存。16. Warehouse rental represent a very significant proportion of total warehouse cost.仓库租金占总仓储成本的一个非常重要的比例。17. The size of warehouses are determined by the needs of the customer groups, such as their inventory level planning.仓库大小取决于客户群体的需要，如他们的库存水平规划。18. Commodity inspection is the process in w

32、hich exported and imported goods are examined for their quantity, quality, package, place of production, safety and hygiene conditions. 商检是检查进出口商品的数量、质量、包装、生产、安全和卫生条件的过程。19. Electronic Order System (EOS) is responsible for taking customer orders and the information sharing between companies connecte

33、d to the transactions.电子订货系统（EOS）负责获取客户订单、负责交易有关的公司之间的信息交流。20. The purpose of Just-In-Time (JIT) is to meet demand instantly, with perfect quality and punctuality.JIT的目的是及时满足需求，并质量完善和守时。21. Goods handling may account for only 50% of the direct labor cost in warehouse and 70% in distribution center.

34、在仓库，搬运货物只占50的直接劳动力成本，在配送中心，则占70。22. Zero stock is the best way for inventory control. 零库存是库存控制的最佳途径。三、运输功能：1. Liner transport has three specific components: fixed ports, fixed routes and announcing shipping time in advance.班轮运输有三个具体内容：固定港口，固定航线，并提前宣布发船时间。2. Shipping by chartering is used for transpo

35、rting low value goods.租船航运用于输送低价值货物。3. The broker company in ocean transportation is called shipping agency.在海洋运输中，经纪公司被称为船务代理。4. Air freight costs 5 times more than transportation by trucks and 20 times more than by rail. But it is more reliable, punctual and predictable under normal operating cond

36、ition.空运费用是卡车运输的5倍以上，是铁路的20倍，但在正常作业条件下，更可靠、准时和可预测。5. Bulk container is used to load bulk cargo.散货集装箱用于装载散装货物。6. Cargo is freight carried by a ship, an aircraft, or another vehicle, upon the agreement for the delivery of goods.货物是根据配送协议采用船只、飞机或其他工具运送的货品。7. Tanker container is mainly used to transport

37、 oil and gas.油轮集装箱主要用于运输石油和天然气。8. Deadhead means a vehicle, such as an aircraft and truck that transports no passengers or freight during a single trip.空回头车(空驶)指如飞机和卡车的交通工具在单程中没有运输乘客或货物。9. Back haul is the distance traveled from the delivery destination point back to the departure point.回程是从交货目的地回到出

38、发点的距离。10. Bill of Lading is a document title.提单是一个物权凭证。11. Ocean Bill of Lading is a receipt for goods Ioaded in the ship.海运提单是船上装载货物的收据。12. Shipper and carrier are two parties in a shipping contract.托运人和承运人是运输合同中的两方。13. Usually, the buyer in the trading contract is consignee.通常，交易合约中的买方是收货人。14. Lin

39、er sails in the fixed route between fixed ports and sends sailing information in advance.班轮在固定港口之间按固定航线航行，并提前发送信息。15. Brokers are agents who coordinate shippers and carriers by providing timely information about rates, routes and service capabilities.经纪是代理，通过提供有关费率、路线和服务能力的及时信息，撮合托运人和承运人。16. TEU and

40、 FEU both are containers which are used in ocean transportation frequently. TEU和FEU都是在海洋运输是经常使用的容器。17. Bill of Lading is the evidence of the contract of carriage between carrier and shipper. 提单是承运人和托运人之间运输合同的证据。18. Seaway Bill is different from Ocean B/L. The Iatter is negotiable but the former is n

41、ot. Seaway Bill与Ocean B/L不同，后者是可以转让的，前者不可。19. Transport agencies include air and surface freight forwarders, shippers associations and transport brokers. 运输代理，包括空中和地面货运代理，船运协会和运输经纪人。20. Freight forwarders purchase long distance service from water, rail, air even and truck carriers.货运代理购买水路、铁路、航空甚至和卡

42、车的长途服务。21. International Railway Bill can be used in land bridge transport.国际铁路法案可以用在陆桥运输。22. Transportation using multiple transportation means is also called combined transport. 使用多种运输方式的运输也被称为联运。23. NVOCC is also a carrier because it can open B/L.无船承运人，也是一个承运人，因为它可以开立B/L。24. Transportation create

43、s location value in logistics.运输创造物流的位置（空间）价值。25. Transport does not need to change packages of goods or stop in any place between the departure point and destination location.运输并不需要改变货物包装或停止在出发点和目的地之间的任何地方。26. Door-to-door delivery refers to carrier picking up the goods from the shippers warehouse

44、and delivers it to consignees warehouse.送货上门，是指承运人从托运人的仓库获取货物并把它送到收货人的仓库。27. Containerization can speed up the logistics process, such as handling, loading and unloading, storing and transport.集装箱化可以加快物流过程，如搬运，装卸，贮存和运输。28. Domestic intercity truck is the motor carrier service between the different c

45、ities domestically.国内城际卡车提供在国内不同城市的汽车运输服务。29. A fleet is group of vehicles or ships owned or operated as a unit.船队是作为一个单位被拥有或操作的一组车辆或船。30. Transportation is usually the biggest logistic costs for most companies.运输通常是大多数企业最大的物流成本。31. Truck enjoys the great advantages in the transit time and frequency

46、 compared to other transportation means.与其他运输方式相比，卡车在中转时间和频率方面有很大优势。32. The railroad represents the biggest usage in the land transport in China.在中国，铁路是陆路运输的最大使用形式。33. There are three kinds of freight in transport: full-car load, Less-than-truck load and Container.有三种货物运输形式：整车运输，零担运输和集装箱。34. Water t

47、ransport can carry the greatest amount of goods for the longest distance with the lowest cost.水路运输可以最低的成本运送最大量的商品至最远距离。35. Air transport has the distinct advantage in the terms of fast delivery and enjoy the lowest ratio of loss and damage.在快速配送、最低的损失和破坏比例方面，航空运输具有明显优势。36. The most economic feasible

48、 products transported by pipeline are crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum one.通过管道运输的最经济可行的产品是原油、天然气和成品油。37. International transport is dominated by water carriers. It is used to transport more than 70% of the total trading volume in value and 95% by weight.国际运输以水运为主体，它运送总交易价值的70和总重量的95。38. International transportation by trucks is limited between the joint border countries like US and Mexico