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1、种种 类类语语 序序关关 联联 词词注注 意意 问问 题题拓拓 展展巩巩 固固 练练 习习在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 不可省不可省),whether; 代词有代词有who, what ,which;副副词词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed
2、.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主语从句主语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词) 或介词之后。或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 2. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we ca
3、n cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 不可省不可省),whether; 代词有代词有who, what ,which;副副词词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem
4、. It looks as if it is going to rain.表语从句表语从句在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用. .一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact , news ,fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestionidea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后等之后, ,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词. .引导词有连词引导词有连词 thatthat ; ;少少数情况下也可用连接副词等数情况下也可用连接副词等. .如如 : :1.The thought that we m
5、ight success excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位语从句同位语从句 Tell the function of the following sentences.a. subject (主语从句）主语从句） b. object （宾语从句）（宾语从句）c. predicative（表语从句）（表语从句）d. a
6、ppositive（同位语从句）（同位语从句）1.The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips,Speakers Corner ,Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.2.The result of so much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age.3.Some people feel that Wales is an anci
7、ent fairy land.4.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.5.They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.appositivepredicativeobjectsubjectobject(1) They want to know _ do to help us.A. what can
8、they B. what they canC. how they can D. how can they(2) These photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like(3) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC.
9、 where Alice has put D. where has Alice putBBC陈述语序陈述语序(4) No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like(5) Someone is ringing the garbed. Go and see _.A.who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it is
10、(6) We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her.A.was happening B. to happenC. has happened D. having happenedCAD1. that 与与whether / if 的选择：的选择： (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all A. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet wi
11、ll be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whether D. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?肯定用肯定用 that, 是否用是否用whether /if whether / ifthatthat2. 表示表示“是否是否”可用可用 whether/ if, 但在下列情况下用但在下列情况下用 whether , 不用不用if a) 在表语从
12、句和同位语从句中在表语从句和同位语从句中The question is whether the film is worth seeing.b) 在主语从句中，如果用在主语从句中，如果用it 作形式主语，作形式主语，whether 和和 if 都能引导主语从句都能引导主语从句,否则只能用否则只能用whetherWhether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.c) 在介词之后在介词之后 It all d
13、epends on whether they will support us. d) 后面直接跟动词不定式后面直接跟动词不定式He doesnt know whether to stay or not e) 后面紧接后面紧接or not 时时 We didnt know whether or not she was ready. What the woman said suggested that he hadnt decided whether to go or not. 1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2. I dont know _ or not
14、 Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.A. whether B. if A / BAAABA3. that， what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别1）_ you dont like him is none of
15、my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3) Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mi
16、nd.5._ the earth is round is known to us all.6. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.7. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what:只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语， 表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatWhatwhatThatwhat归纳归纳4. what & whatever who & whoeve
17、r which & whichever 引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. whatever/whoever/whichever等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而what/who/whic
18、h等引导的名词性从句都等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。WhateverWhatWhoWhoever1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats
19、 wild animals or birds, is to blame.A.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. Those4. How can we _ with the coming flood?Take _ measures you consider best.A.do; whichever B. do; whateverC. deal; whatever D. deal; whichever1. “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：作形式主语或形式宾语： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A.
20、it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them 5 Its well known _ the earth mores
21、round the sun. A. /B. whyC. whatD. thatABBCD(1) It is pity that you missed such a good chance.(2) Its certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.(3) It is said that there is another good harvest this year.(4) It makes no difference whether our sports meet will be held this
22、 week or next week.(5) I dont think it true that he came to the concert yesterday.(6) We think it important that collage students should master at least me foreign language.2. 主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数主句的谓语动词用单数形式形式.That they will come is certain.2. What 引导主语从句时引
23、导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定表语的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.What he wants is some water.3. 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”与与“否定转移否定转移” 若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例
24、如：谓语用肯定式。例如：he told me that he had been working there for five years.时态呼应时态呼应否定转移否定转移Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中的虚拟语气：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His sug
25、gestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 2.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理应如此理应如此等等, 谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a sham
26、e, no wonder etc,) that 1. 表示表示建议建议, 请求请求, 命令命令, 要求要求,坚持坚持等的宾语从句等的宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气同位语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气.It is strange that she (should) think so.同位语从句与定语同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得
27、决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth
28、considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。东西。同位语从句与定语同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 The news that our team has won the final match is encoura
29、ging.The news that you told us is really encouraging（从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）我们队取得了决赛胜利。）从句对从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的，你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分引导定语从句的分引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又是关
30、系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。须在从句中充当成分。1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充当任何成分）不充当任何成分）2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. ho
31、w 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D.
32、What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that he
33、ll come soon D. his coming soon8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what10.- Can I help you
34、? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what