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1、 中考语法复习专题形容词和副词学习目标:1. 回顾形容词和副词的一般用法。2. 掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法。3. 掌握使用比较级和最高级的具体情境。Part 1. 形容词和副词的基本用法1.形容词的基本用法作定语She is a good student.她是一个好学生。(作前置定语)I will give you something useful. 我会给你一些有用的东西。(作后置定语)作表语Computers are very useful in our daily life. 电脑在我们的日常生活中很有用。(作表语)This song sounds beautiful.
2、这首歌听起来很美。（作表语）The bridge is 200 meters long.这座桥长 200 米。(作表语)作补语He makes them angry.他让他们很生气。(做宾语补足语)We should keep ourselves healthy and energetic. (作宾语补足语)作状语He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2.副词的基本用法修饰动词He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。修饰形容词These flowers are quite beautiful. 这些花相当漂
3、亮。修饰副词He works very hard. 他工作很努力。修饰句子Unluckily, he lost his wallet at the station. 不幸的是，他在车站遗失了钱包。练习：1. The Greens are _(happy) to live in this_(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.2. The panda has been _(die) for about two months. 3. I like her dress. It looks very _(beauty).4
4、. Dont feel _(worry) about your child. The whole class would be_(friend) to the new classmate.5. The _(finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.6. Its _(possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.7. Its a _(please) trip for all of us.8. The children in China are living a _(color)
5、 life.9. It was an _(amaze) match. It amazed us.10.He felt very _(sleep) and fell _(sleep) soon when he lay in bed. 11.We all had a very _(enjoy) time at the party. 12.I found it _(help) to use this tool.3.名词被多个形容词修饰时，修饰词的位置：冠词、指示代词（this,those等）所有格（my,Toms等）序数词（first等）基数词（two等）特征、特性（常含主观看法；good等）大小、
6、长短、高低年龄、温度、新旧形态、形状颜色国籍、地区、出处、来源物质、材料用途、类别、目的被修饰的名词可以用口诀记忆理解：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠； 其中，“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:bothmyhands、allhalfhisincome等。“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大长高”表示大小、长
7、短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的词如：roundsquare等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料”的词如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等。“作用类别”的词如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等。如：a nice long new black British plastic pen 冠词 描述 形状 新旧 颜色 国籍 材料 名词【简约版口诀】县官行令赦国材（县官行使自己的使命赦免了一些国家的栋梁之材）什么意思呢？县限定词；官代表自己观点的形容词；行形状；令年龄，新旧；赦颜色；国国籍，地方；材材料。练习：( )1.Tony is g
8、oing camping with _ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two( )2.One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stoneB.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old( )3.-How was your recent visit to Qingdao？-It was great. We visited s
9、ome friends，and spent the _ days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD.few sunny last4.副词的位置副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如： Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。 Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：
10、These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。 He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如： We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。时间
11、副词和地点副词一般放在句尾；如果句中同时出现时间副词和地点副词，则地点副词一般位于时间副词之前；强调时间时，也可把时间副词放在句首。如：Well fly there tomorrow.我们明天乘飞机去那里。频度副词如 often, usually, always 等通常位于行为动词之前，be 动词之后；有时为了强调，可以提到句首。如：I usually come by bus.我通常坐公共汽车来。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于帮助别人。程度副词 very, much, quite,rather, too, pretty 等一般放在所
12、修饰的成分之前，但 enough 须放在所修饰成分之后。如：It was a pretty serious accident.这是一次相当严重的事故。They know well enough what we mean.他们懂得我们的意思。表示情感、态度的副词，如luckily, unfortunately, however等，常修饰整个句子，多位于句首，且常用逗号隔开。如：Luckily, the police came right away.幸运的是，警察马上就来了。【注意】(1)副词very 可以修饰形容词或副词，但不能直接放在动词前面来修饰动词。如：史密斯先生工作非常努力。()Mr.S
13、mith very works hard. ()Mr.Smith works very hard. (2)做副词时，enough 要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面做形容词时，enough 放在名词前后均可。如： I ran fast enough so that I could take the No.2 bus. 我跑得足够快以便能乘坐到 2 路公交车。There isnt enough meat for us to eat.没有足够的肉给我们吃。(3)副词前一般不加介词。 (4)多个不同副词的排列顺序为：程度副词地点副词方式副词时间副词5.副词的构成大部分形容词加后缀-ly 构成方式副词，
14、一些以 e 结尾的词，需去 e 再加-ly，以及有些以 y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加-ly。如：quietquietlyusualusuallyfullfullyquickquicklycarefulcarefullybadbadlystrongstronglyterribleterriblysimplesimplytruetrulyhappyhappilybusybusilyheavyheavilyeasyeasily注意：有些以-ly 结尾的词并不是副词，而是形容词。如：friendly 友好的，likely很可能的，lovely可爱的，lively 活泼的，lonely 孤独的，u
15、gly 丑陋的有些形容词与副词同形。如：early adj.早的 adv.早 daily adj.每日的；日常的 adv.每天fast adj.快的；迅速的；紧密的 adv.快地；迅速地；紧密hard adj.硬的；困难的；艰难的 adv.努力地；艰难地；猛烈的注意：有些词虽然既可做形容词也可做副词，但加了-ly 之后意义相差很大。如：late adj. & adv. 迟；晚 lately adv.最近；不久前；近来hard adj._ adv._hardly adv._阶段练习：( )1.These oranges taste _.A.goodB.wellC.to be goodD.to b
16、e well( )2.I cant pay _ as he asked for. A.a as high priceB.as a high priceC.as high priceD.as high a price( )3.- We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ? - I have to do many things this evening . Im _, you see .A.freeB.gladC.sorryD.busy( )4.-Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this
17、evening. -OK. Lets give him _to eat. A.something differentB.different anythingC.anything differentD.different something( )5.The _person is talking with the doctor.A.illB.sickC.illnessD.sickness( )6.The day is bright and _. Lets go for a walk .A.sunnyB.darkC.cloudyD.windy( )7.Look !_ beautiful that l
18、ake is !A.WhatB.HowC.How aD.What a( )8.-I wont go to the Great Wall tomorrow. -I wont, _.A.neitherB.eitherC.tooD.also( )9.He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _.A. tooB.eitherC.neitherD.also( )10.That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out.A.too; toB.very; thatC.so;
19、that D.very; but ( )11.-Whats on the desk? -Its _.A.a new green bagB.new green bagC.a green mew bagD.a bag new green( )12.The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes _.A.quiet; quietlyB.quite; quicklyC.late; quick D.quite; quietly( )13.He _ to school to clean his classroom.A.always comes e
20、arlyB.comes always earlyC.always early comesD.come always earlier( )14.I got up _today.A.laterB.more latelyC.latelyD.late( )15.Alice _ goes to school at seven.A.usualB.usuallyC.hardD.a littlePart 2. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成规则变化1).大部分单音节词和少部分双音节词：构成方法例词词尾直接加-er(比较级)，或加-est(最高级)talltallertalles
21、tgreatgreatergreatestsoonsoonersoonestfastfasterfastestclevercleverercleverest以不发音字母 e 结尾的词，直接在词尾加 -r(比较级)，-st(最高级)largelargerlargestnicenicernicestlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加-er, -esthappyhappierhappiestheavyheavierheaviesteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest以重读闭音节结尾，并且以“一个元音字母一个辅音字母”结尾
22、的单词，应先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestwetwetterwettestthinthinnerthinnest2).大部分双音节词和多音节词，在原级前加 more, most构成比较级和最高级, 如：friendlymore friendlymost friendlyrelaxedmore relaxedmost relaxedimportantmore importantmost important3).以形容词加-ly 构成的副词，在原形前加 more, most 构成比较级和最高
23、级, 如：carefullymore carefullymost carefullyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyeasilymore easilymost easilyclearlymore clearlymost clearly不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestill, bad, badlyworseworstmany, muchmoremostfarfarther (距离上的更远)farthest (距离上的最远)further (程度上的更深远)furthest (程度上的最深远)oldolder (年龄)oldest (
24、年龄)elder (长幼顺序)eldest (长幼顺序)littlelessleast注意：(1)farther, further 均可表示距离上“更远”；但表示程度上“进一步”时，则用 further。如：Were too tired to go any farther/further.我们太累了而不能再走了。We must solve the problem further.我们必须进一步解决此问题。 (2)elder/eldest 指家庭成员的长幼关系，做前置定语。older/oldest 表示年龄大小关系， 可做定语或表语。如： My elder brother is going to
25、 get married.我哥哥要结婚了。He is the oldest teacher of us.他是我们中最年长的老师。2.形容词和副词比较级的用法(两者之间的比较)用法例句当表示一方超过另一方时，要用“比较级than比较对象”He is taller than me.他比我高。My brother run faster than me.我哥哥跑得比我快。“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越”The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。The more you learn, the m
26、ore youll know.学得越多，你知道得就越多。“the 比较级of the two(可数名词复数)”表示“两者中较的那一个”Paul is the fatter of the two children in hisfamily.保罗是他家两个孩子中较胖的那个。“比较级and比较级”或“more and more原级”表示“越来越”The weather gets warmer and warmer inspring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our city is becoming more and morebeautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。“疑问词动词比较级，A or
27、B？”表示“A 和 B，哪个更？”Which is more interesting, cycling or running？骑自行车和跑步，哪个更有趣？Who draws better, Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？“A动词(倍数)比较级thanB”表示“A 比B”或“A 比 B几倍”This bag is three times bigger than that one.这个袋子比那个大三倍。I got up earlier than my mother today.我今天比我妈妈早起床。“比较级thanany other单数名词(介词短语)”表示“比同一范围
28、的任何一个人/物都”，可表示最高级的含义The Yangtze River is longer than any otherriver in China.长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。The pen writes more easily than any other pen.这支钢笔比其他的都好用。The pen writes the most easily.这支钢笔最好用。“否定词比较级”意为“最不过”I cant agree more.我非常同意。She has neve
29、r had a better dinner.这是她吃过的最好的一顿饭。练习：( )1.Your room is _ than mine.A.three time bigB.three times bigC.three times biggerD.bigger three times( )2.When spring comes, it gets_.A.warm and warmB.colder and colder C.warmer and warmerD.shorter and shorter( )3. _ he read the book, _ he got in it.A.The more
30、; the more interestingC.The more; the more interestedB.The less; the more interesting D.More; more interested( )4.I like_ one of the two books.A.the olderB.oldestC.the oldestD.older( )5.Which do you like _, tea or coffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most( )6.This work is _ for me than for you.A.difficultB.
31、most difficultC.much difficult D.more difficult( )7.Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong?A.strongB.strongestC.strongerD.the strongest( )8.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A.more and richC.richer and richer B.more rich and more richD.rich and rich( )9.- Im sure Ive got a bad cold. -Take this med
32、icine, and youll feel _.A.healthyB.bestC.goodD. much better( )10.Im still hungry. Could I have two _ pieces of bread, please?A.muchB.manyC.moreD. most3.形容词和副词最高级的用法(三者及以上的比较)用法例句“the最高级in/of 短语”表示“中最的”Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆是他们班上最高的。I jump farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。“疑问词动词the最高级, A,
33、B or C？”用于三者或三者以上的比较Which country is the largest, China, America orCanada？中国、美国和加拿大，哪个国家最大？Which season do you like best, spring, summer orautumn？春季、夏季和秋季，你最喜欢哪个季节？“be one of the形容词最高级复数可数名词(in/of 短语)”表示“最之一”，最高级前还可以用物主代词或名词所有格来修饰Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。This novel
34、is one of the writers most famous works.这部小说是哪个作家最有名的作品之一。“序数词最高级”表示“最的”Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.海南岛是中国的第二大岛。【注意】：(1)有些程度副词，如quite, rather, very, so, too, enough, fairly 等，与形容词或副词连用时具有“比较”的含义，这时句中的形容词或副词不能再使用比较级。(2)much, a little, still, even, a bit, a lot, far 等表程度的副词或短语，
35、可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。(3)若形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词 the。(4)形容词最高级需与定冠词 the 连用，副词最高级前的the可以省略。(5)为了避免重复，在表示比较的从句中常用 the one, that, those 等词替代前面出现过的名词。其中 the one 替代可数名词单数，the ones, those 替代可数名词复数，that 则替代不可数名词。练习：( )1.Who jumped_of all?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD. the most far( )2.Li Lei is_ student
36、in our class.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.the tallest( )3.Tom is one of _ boys in our class.A.tallestB.tallerC.the tallest D.the tall( )4.English is one of_ spoken in the world.A.the important languagesC.most important language B.the most important languages D.the most important language( )5.Most of the
37、 woods _ been taken good care of.A.areB. is C.has D.have( )6.His _ son often go to see him on Sunday.A.eldestB.olderC.the eldestD.the older中考链接( )1.Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second _.A.deepB.deeperC.deepestD.the deepest( )2.According to a recent survey，_ three
38、 fifths of working mothers in China dont want to have a second child.A.mostlyB.especiallyC.partlyD.nearly( )3.The Dragon Boat Festival is an important day in our country. On that day we can have some _ food like “Zongzi”.A.nationalB.westernC.traditional( )4.-I had a quarrel with my friend Jim yester
39、day, and now I _ it.-Why not go and say sorry to him at once？Its never too late to mend.A.feel ashamed ofB.am proud ofC.am interested in( )5.Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project.Im sure he can do the work with _ money and _ people.A.less; lessB.fewer; moreC.more; fewerD.less; fewer( )6.The f
40、inal exam is very important.We must treat it _. A.seriousB.seriouslyC.carelessD.carelessly( )7.Emma looked after her pet dog _ of all her friends. A.carefulB.most carefulC.more carefullyD.the most carefully( )8.The boy looked _ because he didnt pass his maths exam. A.sadB.sadnessC.saddestD.sadly( )9
41、.Shu-how Lin is now one of _ basketball players in NBA.A.popularB.less popularC.more popularD.the most popular( )10.It wasnt _ match, but at least we won! A.the most interestingB.more interestingC.interesting( )11.Ive heard that Zhuhai Chimelong Ocean Kingdom is one of _ ocean parks in Asia.A.very l
42、argeB.the largerC.much largerD.the largest( )12.I have a lovely room.Its the _ in the hotel.A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.most nice( )13.Many students think it _ to learn English by using news.A.interestB.interestedC.interesting( )14.It is said that Shanghai students have scored the _ in an international test.A.highB.higherC.highest( )15.We are so glad to see Meizhou is developing _ these years