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1、2018学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷 2018.12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between tw
2、o speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to t
3、he question you have heard.1. A. At a special party. B. At a hair-dressing salon. C. At a night club. D. At a fashion show. 2. A. Finland. B. Egypt. C. Mexico.D. Zambia. 3. A. Camping. B. Travelling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping. 4. A. She is also a fan of Argentina. B. She is also working very hard. C.
4、 She loves American football so much. D. She works for the World Cup. 5. A. She threw something at a truck. B. She threw herself out of window and broke her leg. C. She moved a truck to save a little boy. D. She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid. 6. A. They planned to go skiing in the rain.B. T
5、hey just want to grab the chance. C. They will probably change their mind. D. Theyll go skiing even in the rain. 7. A. Lisa likes the messy situation. B. Lisa made the mess. C. He and Lisa are settling a problem. D. Lisa likes the new place. 8. A. The lady should stop being patient. B. He cant under
6、stand the ladys feeling. C. The lady should not blame others. D. Nobody may be interested in her problem. 9. A. Certain gift from Hawaii. B. A grand wedding party. C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii. D. A picture of the moon. 10. A. They went to see a movie. B. The dancers impressed them both. C. The wo
7、man is also a dancer. D. The man invited the lady to the show. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will
8、be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Aircraft design. B. Mathema
9、tics. C. Engineering. D. Science. 12. A. 40. B. 14. C. 4.D. 0. 13. A. She stuck to studying engineering at college. B. She addressed to students at high schools and colleges. C. She tried to persuade women not to do engineering for its hard work. D. She researched defense systems of satellites and r
10、ockets. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The South Atlantic Ocean. B. The coast of South America. C. African continent. D. The coast of Angola. 15. A. He studies the similarities between ancient and modern animals. B. He discovers the remains of ancient sea animals o
11、n the coast. C. He studies the cause of separation of South America and Africa. D. He helps do the arrangement of the ancient animal remains in a museum. 16. A. Because the remains were exposed on the coast. B. Because these animals used to live close to each other in one place. C. Because these ani
12、mals were driven to one place and killed. D. Because these animals were all eaten by one large, fierce ancient sea animal. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A saving account in a single name. B. A saving account in joint names. C. A checking account in a single n
13、ame. D. A checking account in joint names. 18. A. 4. B. 3C. 2D. 1 19. A. The lady and her brothers or sisters.B. The ladys parents. C. The lady and her father. D. The lady and her mother. 20. A. Identification paper, photograph, a letter of introduction and some money. B. Identification paper, some
14、clarifications, a letter of introduction and some money. C. A letter of introduction, photographs, a check book and some money. D. Driving license, identification paper, photos, and a letter of introduction. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the
15、 blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, t
16、ook place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate（南方联盟） troops were led by perhaps (21) _ (honored) military tactician（战略家） in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union （北方联盟）soldiers were led by “Fi
17、ghting” Joe Hooker. In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) _ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self
18、-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey. Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) _ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) _ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My
19、 plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) _ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident? Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lees army. He had already been aware, for example
20、, (26) _ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hookers own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) _ Lees army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate s
21、oldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lees only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) _ (assure) a Union victory. Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops
22、 into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) _ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lees army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating
23、supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lees troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hookers forces withdrew in defeat. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word
24、chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. inadequateB. repeatedlyC. process D. achieveE. directedF. reactionsG. raisingH. eliminateI. characterizedJ. immediateK. mechanismThe human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, espe
25、cially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.
26、Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _ the feet 8 to 12 inche
27、s, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature
28、 (which may reach 106 F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _ sponged with cool water until
29、 his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102 F. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage th
30、ere are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clo
31、ck by this apparent (41) _ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was (42) _ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning
32、to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to (43) _ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it (44) _ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke ea
33、rly one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the (45) _, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (18571915) became a strong supporter for Dayligh
34、t Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were (46) _ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce (47) _ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory（义务） to (48) _ the
35、clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. (49) _, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress p
36、assed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and (50) _ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised（制定） five time (51) _ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical
37、 time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned. President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 19421945. However, after this period, each state (52) _ its own DST, which proved to be (53) _ t
38、o television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo（禁运） and energy cris
39、is of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon (54) _ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was (55) _ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall b
40、ack). 41. A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular 42. A. employedB. evaluatedC. distributedD. contributed 43. A. fruitfulB. fullC. beautifulD. normal44. A. negatively B. alternativelyC. extensivelyD. aggressively 45. A. journalistB. physicistC. chemistD. economist46. A. closedB. openedC. fixed
41、D. installed 47. A. introducedB. restrictedC. donatedD. deleted 48. A. stopB. adjustC. windD. mend 49. A. Permanently B. EventuallyC. UnfortunatelyD. Theoretically 50. A. reserveB. persevere C. preserveD. observe 51. A. placesB. districtsC. zonesD. territories 52. A. interruptedB. temptedC. imported
42、D. adopted53. A. pleasingB. confusingC. convincingD. comforting54. A. extendedB. affordedC. abandonedD. defended 55. A. assembled B. combinedC. abusedD. modifiedSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of
43、 them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved（运转） around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a con
44、dition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil；if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of liv
45、ing that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled mens lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem,
46、letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis
47、. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal（凡人） whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology