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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流剑桥雅思9 Reading Test 3 详细解释【精品文档】第 16 页剑桥雅思9 Reading Test 3Passage1整体分析体 裁 说明文题 材 语言学主 题 介绍两个语言学派的观点和态度段落概括 第一段 背景介绍：语言的普及性导致人们容易对其持有不同的看法第二段 语言在社会各方面的影响第三段 语言学派“规范主义”的观点第四段 规范主义依赖于严格的语法规则及其目的第五段 另一个语言学派“描写主义”的观点和态度第六段 两个学派的现状及他们对彼此的误解重点词汇 第一段objective adj.客观的debate n.争论，辩论linguist
2、ic adj.语言的，语言学的deteriorate v.衰退；恶化，变坏第二段criticise v.批评，批判social status 社会地位exempt adj.被免除的，被豁免的identity n.身份；同一性第三段prescriptivism n.规范主义literature n.文学deviation n.背离be imposed on 被强加于之上adherent n.追随者第四段principle n.原则chaos n.混乱reliance n.依赖avoid v.避免beneath prep.在之下dispute n.争论accurately adv.准确地，精确地a
3、lternative n.供代替的选择第五段motivate v.激发variation n.变化，改变advocate n.提倡者，支持者logic n.逻辑analysis n.分析diversity n.多样性halt v.停止，阻止original adj.最初的；独创的legislation n.立法；法律第六段opposition n.反对valid adj.有效的extreme adj.极端的考题精解Questions 1-8题型：判断题 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN解析：判断题一般都是有顺序的，确定了第一道题的原文定位后，可以向后查找其他题目的答案。特殊情况下会有两道题出自
4、于同一句话的现象。有些题目选择NOT GIVEN是因为在文章中无法定位。1.定位词/关键词understandable reasons, arguments原文定位第段第三至五句Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments . of linguistic education.题解选用特殊名词arguments定位，understan
5、dable是一个范围较模糊的概念，需要结合第三句中的they have a right to ho Id an opinion及第四句中的when opinions differ, emotions can run high。答案YES2.定位词/关键词more strongly, language education, small differences原文定位第段最后一句Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.题解用名词短语
6、language education和small differences定位，其中language education被替换成linguistic education, small differences被替换成minor points。但文中对于 minor points of usage与linguistic education的对比与题目中不同。答案NO3.定位词/关键词intelligence, the way he or she uses language原文定位第二段第一、二句Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it
7、 is easy for different usages to be noted and criticised. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge . intelligence . and social survival.题解用名词intelligence定位，the way he or she uses language被替换成different usages。No part of society or social behaviour is
8、 exempt双重否定表示肯定，由此得知社会行为的每一个方面都受到语言的影响。答案YES4.定位词/关键词prescriptive grammar books, a lot of money, 18th century原文定位第四段第一句All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries.题解prescriptive grammar和18th century在这句话中
9、都可以定位，但是关于money的问题，无论多少，都只字未提。答案NOT GIVEN5.定位词/关键词prescriptivism, still, today原文定位第五段第一句These attitudes are still with us .题解第四段是关于语言学派prescriptivism的观点，那么这句话中的these attitudes就是指prescriptivism的态度，still with us可表明这些态度至今依然存在。答案YES6.定位词/关键词descriptivists, pointless, stop language change原文定位第五段第三句 This
10、approach is summarised in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating I language variation or halting language change.题解通过descriptivists和stop language change来定位，其中des
11、cribe可以直接定位，只是词性有变；stop language change被同义替换为halting language change。文中的not to attempt the impossible tasks指这一学派并不想去完成这一不可能的任务，也就是去阻止语言改变是pointless，即无意义的。答案YES7.定位词/关键词descriptivism, after the 18th century原文定位第五段第四句In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view .题解des
12、criptivism在前一句话中已经定位，而题目中after the 18th century和原文中in the second half of the 18th century已经属于不同的时间范畴，文章讲18世纪下半叶就有了这一观点的倡导者，意味着18世纪上半叶或更早就己经有了这个观点，再加之题目中有only这种过于绝对的语气，都表明此题错误。答案NO8.定位词/关键词descriptivists, prescriptivists, misrepresented原文定位最后段第一句In our own time, the opposition between descriptivists
13、and prescriptivists has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other.题解虽然descriptivists和prescriptivists己经被用来定位几次，但这道题目要求这两者必须同时出现，那么最后一段第一句话最合适不过,虽然present这个动词在后面几句话中频繁出现，但其实根据第一句话中的extreme和both sides painting unreal pictures of the other就可知对于这两个学派都有很深的误解。答案YESQuestion
14、s 9-12题型：摘要填空题SUMMARY COMPLETION解析：本题型为配有词库的SUMMARY COMPLETION，此类题型首先要注意词库中所给单词的词性，其次注意题目中挖空的句子中的定位词，最后在文章中定位，并注意文章中找到的单词可能是词库中所给单词的同义替换。9.定位词/关键词only one correct form原文定位第三段最后一句Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write correctly, deviations from it are said to be incorrect.题解通过correct fo
15、rm定位到这句话，但是在这句话中并不能搜寻出词库中所给的任何单词，而此句中的adherents to this variety在指引考生去前面的句子中搜寻答案。题目中的according to暗示此空格应该是能表达观点的某一类人，那么就应该是文中第三段中的规范主义者prescriptivists。答案H10.定位词/关键词this approach, great importance, grammatical原文定位第四段第三句The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterised I by its reliance on
16、rules of grammar.题解此题的定位较为模糊，通过前一句可知the approach指的是prescriptivism的方法，但是prescriptivism及grammar在原文中出现频率都比较高，因此能够暗示情感的great importance成为我们搜寻的主要对象。原文中的reliance on可以表达此学派非常依赖、注重rules of grammars。答案F11&12.定位词/关键词Joseph Priestley, grammar原文定位第五段倒数第三句In the second half of the 18th century, we already find a
17、dvocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language.题解11题和12题在一个句子里，那么这两道题都可以使用人名定位词。原文中advocates of this view指此段的语言学派descriptivism。而Joseph Priestley所撰写的有关grammar的书中讲到 th
18、e custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language，即语言习俗是任何语言最初也是唯一公正的标准，换句话说就是题目中所讲的语法应该以语言习俗为基础，custom of speaking可同义转换为popular speech。答案A；CQuestion 13题型：单选题MULTIPLE CHOICE解析：本题为单选题，此类问及作者目的或为文章选最佳标题的题型可根据前面所做过的题目来进行分析，并且在所给选项中着重对名词的理解。13.选项关键词A. approach, dictionaries, gr
19、ammar booksB. historical account, differing viewsC. differences, spoken and written languageD. a certain view, discredited原文定位考查作者目的或最佳标题的选择题无精准定位。题解首先进行排除，这四个选项中的关键词如果在前面做题时出现频率过低可直接排除，例如A选项和C选项。其次，通过前面的题目可知，本文有两个语言学派的观点，那么D选项只提到一个观点被误解，过于片面，排除。答案BTest3Passage2整体解析体 裁 说明文题 材 能源与科技主 题 潮汐能段落概括 引言 概述潮
20、汐能对于英国的影响和重要性 A段 潮汐能相对于其他能源的优点以及将给英国带来的利益 B段 潮汐能的潜力 C段 有关潮汐能科技的开发 D段 海洋涡轮叶片的描述及优点 E段 海洋涡轮的潜力和即将给英国带来的利益 F段 目前存在的有关海洋涡轮的技术难点重点词汇A段turbine n,涡轮current n.（水，气，电）流constant adj.恒定的，经常的renewable adj.可再生的emission n.排放tidal adj.潮汐的predictable adj.可预测的self-sufficient adj.自给自足的drastically adv.彻底地；激烈地nuclear p
21、ower plant 核电站B段competitive adj.有竞争力的ailing adj.状况不佳的，面临困难的undercut v.廉价出售C段sustainable adj.可持续的venture n.企业；风险；冒险saline adj.盐的，含有盐分的subsidiary n.子公司indented adj.锯齿状的install v.安装hostile adj.敌对的，怀有敌意的marine adj.海洋的potential adj.有潜力的D段diameter n.直径creature n.生物objection n.反对maintenance n.维护，保持F段vibrat
22、ion n.震动submerge v.淹没，浸入float v.漂浮slight adj.轻微的debris n.碎片，残骸robust adj.稳健的，强壮的剑桥雅思9阅读答案解析Test3Passage2Questions 14-17题型：段落信息配对题MATCHING解析：此题工作量大，费时多，解题时不建议首选此类试题。在读题过程中把每一个信息句中的主要名词标注出来，到文章每一段中仔细地搜寻。注意：有的段落会被选两次。14.定位词/关键词location, first test site原文定位C段第二句The first station is expected to be instal
23、led off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union.题解此题的定位名词有特殊性，location暗示她名，而first暗示排序，很难替换，因此几乎是原封不动地出现在原文中。答案C15.定位词/关键词one site, back into Britain原文定位E段Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney si
24、te, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed. and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.题解one site的具体名字就是此段中提到的Alderney site,而re-imported表示再重新进口回英国，也就是题目中提到的back into Britain。答案E16.定位词/关键词previous attempt by Br
25、itain, alternative source of energy原文定位A段最后一句Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years . undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.题解由此句可知，英国曾经试图发展风能但最终还是放弃了，也就是对应了英国曾经做过previous attempt,而那个alternati
26、ve source of energy就是风能。答案A17.定位词/关键词applying technology, another industry原文定位C段第四句The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment i under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship prop
27、ellers.题解题目中的another industry就是文章中的oil industry，而applying technology被转换为the technology . has been developed in oil industry。答案CQuestions 18-22题型：多选题MULTIPLE CHOICE解析：此题为多选题，问作者对于主题的陈述哪些是正确的，这种题是很难定位的。建议细读选项，将选项中的名词标为重点，再到文章中核对，注意同义替换比较频繁。18.定位词/关键词reliable, than wind power原文定位A段第一句 . unlike wind, th
28、e tides are predictable and the power input is constant.题解wind在此句中以原形出现，而reliable被替换为predictable和constant。答案A19.定位词/关键词cut down, air pollution原文定位A段第二句The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions.题解re
29、ducing和D选项中的cut down为同义替换，而carbon dioxide emissions为二氧化碳的排放，也就是对于空气的污染。答案D20.定位词/关键词closure of many existing power stations原文定位A段第三句If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe.题解
30、closure为close的名词形式，而gas, coal and nuclear power plants都是现有的旧能源发电站，也就是existing power stations。答案E21.定位词/关键词increasing national income原文定位A段最后一句 . Britain . undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.题解export earner意为“可赢取出口利润”，与选项中increasing nati
31、onal income“能够增加国家收入”意思相同。答案F22.定位词/关键词best, in the vicinity of coastlines原文定位C段最后一句The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.题解此句意为“最佳的选址就在岛屿之间或者是非常迂回的海岸线附近”，和选项完全吻合。答案JQuestions 23-26题型：图表题DIAGRAM解析：此类题型除了要注意图中所给的名词定位以外，还要注意图形中的方位和图形
32、特点。如果填空题中有介词，也可以借助介词进行定位。此题可能无序。注意字数限制。23.定位词/关键词tower, for, seaweed, blades原文定位D段最后一句The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.题解tower，seaweed，blades都可以锁定在这句话里，那么借助空格前面
33、的介词就可以选定答案。答案maintenance24.定位词/关键词sea life, not in danger, blades原文定位D段第四句Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades.题解fish and other creatures就是sea life, unlikely to be at risk替换了not in danger。通过题目判断此空格应填形容词，与blades为直接的修饰关系。答案slow (turning)25
34、&26.定位词/关键词air bubbles, behind, is known as原文定位F段第一句One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles.题解由air bubbles锁定这句话，而介词behind可以直接暗示25题的答案。而26题要填写的是整个事件的总称，也就是原文中由where引导的定语从句的先行词。答案low pressure；cavitationPassage3整体分析体 裁 说明文题 材 科技应用主 题 介绍信息理论段落
35、概括 引言 概述信息理论的重要性 A 段 一个信息理论应用的实例 B 段 介绍发明信息技术的工程师Claude Shannon C 段 Claude Shannon发展这一技术的初衷 D 段 信息交流技术的理论原理 E 段 科学家们就此理论所发展出的各种代码 F 段 Shannon为信息储存所做的贡献重点词汇A段demonstrate v.演示，展示launch v.发射soar v,高飞；猛涨exposure n.暴露contact n.接触spare n.备用零件faint adj.微弱的application n.应用spectacular adj.精美绝伦的mission n.任务br
36、ink n.边缘instruct v.指导incredibly adv.难以置信地switchover n.交接B段triumph n.胜利，凯旋astonishing adj.令人震惊的shun v.避开，回避inveigle v.赢得highlight v.突出，强调breakthrough n.突破acclaim n.喝彩，称赞convey v.传达C段prestigious adj.有名望的vague adj.模糊的random adj.随机的precise adj.精准的transmit v.传递，传送intact adj.完整的，未受损伤的D段interfere v.干扰genui
37、ne adj.真实的capacity n.容量ravage n.毁坏，破坏cope with 处理，应对E段devise v.设计，发明revolution n.革命feat n.功绩，壮举F段strip v.剥去，脱去ambiguous adj.模糊不清的cram v.填满，塞满superfluous adj.多余的，不必要的compression n.压缩考题精解Questions 27-32题型：段落信息配对题MATCHING解析：此题工作量大，费时多，解题时不建议首选此类试题。在读题过程中把每一个信息句中的主要名词标注出来，到文章每一段中仔细地搜寻。27.定位词/关键词explanat
38、ion of the factors, transmission of information原文定位D段第四句This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its bandwidth).题解文章中的communication channel就是信息传递的通道，而relative strengths of the signal and noise就是会影响传递效果的因素，即fac
39、tors。答案D28.定位词/关键词example, unnecessary information, omitted原文定位F段第一、二句Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous (redundant）bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like I CN C U show, i
40、t is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning.题解superfluous bits和contributed little real information都是指unnecessary information；而手机短信的例子对应了题目中的example；leave out替换了题目中的omitted。答案F29.定位词/关键词Shannons attitude, fame原文定位B段第四句While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed inform
41、ation theory, I but shunned the resulting acclaim.题解shunned the resulting acclaim意为“回避了最后的称赞”，也就是说他对于名誉的态度很淡薄。答案B30.定位词/关键词details of a machine, interpreting incomplete information原文定位E段第三句Other codes have become part of everyday life such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a sim
42、ple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps.题解details of a machine就是此句中超市用的镭射扫描器，而incomplete information就是举例中的破碎的薯片袋子，也就是说即便袋子破损，条形码依旧可以被准确读出。答案A31.定位词/关键词detailed account of an incident原文定位A段第句In April 2002 an event
43、took place which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1977 .题解此段开头句就直接指明2002年4月发生的事件展示了信息理论的应用，后面又详细地介绍了这一事件的过程。答案A32.定位词/关键词what Shannon initially intended to achieve原文定位C段第一、二句This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth
44、 uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of information.题解文中the . uses Shann
45、on originally had for his work 同义替换了题目中的Shannon initially intended to achieve。下一句话解释了他最初的目的是想确定信息概念的精准信息。答案CQuestions 33-37题型：句子填空题SENTENCE COMPLETION解析：此题是按正序排列的。在每个句子中寻找名词，在文章中锁定位置，然后通过判断空格的词性来选择单词。注意，此题限制字数。33&34.定位词/关键词probe, pictures, left原文定位A段第二句The space probe, Voyager I，launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars.题解原文中的images是题目中pictures的替换，再利用of和both . and . 的关系可以确定33题的答案。而原文中的soared out of是题目中left 的同义替换，因此其宾语是34题的答案。答案Jupiter, Saturn; Solar System35.定位词/关键词stop working原文定