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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流2019年6月英语六级(第2套)【精品文档】第 12 页2019年6月英语六级（第2套）Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others 26 money
2、into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be 29 from the ro
3、ad-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need 30 controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain
4、 rich peoples playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen,” says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. “Sky taxis are much more likely.” But that wont stop inventors from
5、 dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes.Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and 33 , but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial in
6、telligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, “When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it. Thats compl
7、etely at 35with how I feel today.” Now that would be progress.A) autonomous B) detached C) dual D) glamour E) imminent F) odds G) opposites H) outrageousI) pouring j) prototypes K) random L) repressingM) segmented N) spectrum O) ultimateSection BCompanies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA)
8、 As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every mon
9、th.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the risi
10、ng price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just
11、price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the worlds leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care a
12、bout minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest
13、and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage d
14、ump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, theyre promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. I
15、nstead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great f
16、or the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principl
17、e. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service
18、center. According to the companys CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program calle
19、d “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil
20、promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the companys values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste.
21、 It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver,
22、 and aluminum materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electr
23、onic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value t
24、o products:J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The par
25、tnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isnt
26、 always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts wor
27、th as much as $100, DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, dependi
28、ng on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lions share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazo
29、n and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retaile
30、r/producer and the consumer isnt just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just th
31、e tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside an
32、d more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have-but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some
33、 companies believe that products prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers.37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positiv
34、e culture of environmental awareness.39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce pro
35、duction costs.42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products lifespan.44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.45. Some businesses have begun to
36、 realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game
37、publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labo
38、r contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中） safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent y
39、ears. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors dont receive residuals（追加酬金）for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typica
40、lly about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“Its a very small number of games that wo
41、uld trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman，whos a member of the unions negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a (从事自由职业的）performer, who isnt regularly employed every single day working on projects.” Another major complaint fro
42、m the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I cant imagine if theres any other acting job in the world where you dont know what show youre in, when youre hired， says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee. “And yet that happens every day in the video game world,”
43、 Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.” Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voi
44、ce actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though theyre the top craftsmen in their field,” Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, thats going to create far
45、 more problems for the video game companies.” 46.Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A)The labor contract between them had been violated.B)Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C)It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D)The negot
46、iations between them had broken down.47.What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A)It has reaped huge profits in recent years. B)It has become more open and transparent.C)It has attracted many famous voice actors. D)It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48.What are th
47、e voice actors demanding?A)More regular employment. B)A non-discriminatory contract.C)Extra pay based on sales revenues. D)A limit on the maximum work hours.49.What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A)They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B)They are discriminated against
48、in the gaming industry.C)They are not paid on a regular basis.D)They are not employed full-time.50.What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A)Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B)Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C)Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D)Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House ann