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1、1 温馨提示： 此套题为 Word 版，请按住 Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭 Word 文档返回原板块。 课后阅读作业课后阅读作业 十七十七 Module 5Period 1 . 阅读理解 A Confucius(551 BC-479 BC)was a thinker, educator, and founder of the Ru School for Chinese thought. He was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theorie
2、s about the law, life, and the government that helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings. Confuciuss social philosophy largely centers around the concept of “ren”, which is “loving others” and “honoring ones parents”. Those who have developed “ren” are “simple in manner and s
3、low of speech”. For Confucius, such concern for others is proved through the practice of the Golden Rule: “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others. ” Confucius thinks a good rulership was to have “de” or “virtue” which allows one to win peoples support without using any force and keep
4、 good order in his state without troubling himself, and that a ruler 2 should rule his people by his own example and treat them with love and concern. A characteristic of Confucius thought is his emphasis( 强 调 )on education and study, “A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past an
5、d the practices of the ancients. ”and he also thinks “He who learns but does not think is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger. ” Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy; these were handed down only through his students. Lun Yu, a book compiled( 编 纂 )by som
6、e of his students, is considered the most dependable source of information about his life and teachings. One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited, The Spring and Autumn Annals, is describing Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 BC to 481 BC. Since Confuciuss tea
7、chings and philosophy was so advanced, it was the education for China for 2, 000 years. It is called Confucianism. 【语篇概述】本文属于人物传记类文章, 主要介绍了孔子的儒家思想对哲学、政治、教育的影响。 1. The passage mainly discusses. A. Confucius and his great thought B. the life of Confucius C. Confuciuss influence on students 3 D. Confuc
8、iuss teaching methods 【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学; 第四段谈论的是他的政治哲学; 第五段是他的教育观点; 所以 A符合句意。 2. Confuciuss philosophic thinking can help people know about all the following EXCEPT. A. humans B. nature C. the world D. the sun 【解析】 选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分“. . . helped many people learn about nature, the
9、 world and human beings. ”可知没有提到 D 项。 3. Which of the following expresses Confuciuss educational idea? A. What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others. B. Learning and thinking should go hand in hand. C. “Loving others” and “honoring ones parents”. D. A ruler should love and care about his
10、 people. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。A、C 都反映了他的社会观, D 反映了他的政治观, 从第五段可以看出 B 反映了他的教育观。 4. We can infer from the passage that a teacher should be a person who. A. is old and experienced enough B. learns but doesnt think 4 C. does things according to good old ways D. thinks a lot but doesnt learn 【解析】 选 C。 推理判断题。 从倒数
11、第三段中 “A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients”可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人, 因此选 C。 B (2016全国卷) You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the mos
12、t important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(18601935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community( 社 区 )by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in n
13、eed. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(19071964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of che
14、micals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor(1930present) 5 When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator( 参议员)and, in 1981, the first
15、woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(19132005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in pr
16、ison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in, ”said Parks. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇人物传记, 介绍了四位在人类历史上做出突出贡献的女性。 5. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her t
17、eaching skills. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 【解析】 选 A。细节理解题。根据第一则人物介绍中的内容可知, Jane Addams 以做社会工作而闻名。 6. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? 6 A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discriminatio
18、n against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第三则人物介绍中的内容可知, OConnor 找工作被拒绝是因为她是一名女性, 这是当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。 7. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U. S. ? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Rosa Parks. 【解析】 选 D。细节理解题。根据第四则人物介绍可知
19、, Rosa Parks 由于在公交车上没有给一名白人乘客让座而入狱, 这最终导致了美国的民权运动。 8. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers. 【解析】选 C。推理判断题。通读全文可知, Jane Addams 是第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性; 如果没有 Rachel Carson 就没有环保运动; OCo
20、nnor 在 1981 年成为第一位进入美国高级法院的女性; 而Rosa Parks 的行为直接导致了美国的民权运动。她们都在各自从事的7 领域做出了开拓性的工作。 . 阅读填句 根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As the old saying goes, laughter is the best medicine. 1. _ . However, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects on the human body. They have found th
21、at laughter can really improve peoples health. 2. _ . People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people b
22、reathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. 3. _ . Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio p
23、rograms. 4. _ . The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain. 5. _ . They try to improve their patients condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients 8 do not r
24、eally feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter. A. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. B. Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. C. Therefore, people are taught to laugh. D. The g
25、roup that tolerated(忍耐)the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. E. As a result, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics. F. Laughter is closely related to good health. G. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. 【语篇概述】本文讲述了笑能改善人
26、们的健康。 1. 【解析】选 B。根据上下文可知, 笑是良药。直到现在, 很少有人认真地对待这句话。然而医生已经开始研究笑及其对身体的影响。医生发现笑真的能改善人们的健康。 2. 【解析】选 A。根据下文可知, 医生通过研究病人在笑时的心跳、血压、呼吸等研究笑的作用。所以该段的主旨大意是, 医生做测试以研究笑对人身体的影响。 3. 【解析】选 G。根据上文可知, 笑也对脸上、肚子上以及脚上的肌肉有用, 所以如果笑能锻炼身体, 那一定是有益的。 4. 【解析】选 D。根据上文可知, 实验的过程是医生在不同的组身上施加同种程度的痛苦, 这些组听不同的节目。接下来应介绍实验的结9 果: 忍受痛苦最久
27、的一组是听一个搞笑节目的一组。 5. 【解析】选 E。根据下文可知, 他们试着鼓励病人笑来提高病人的健康情况。故选 E 项, 即结果, 美国的一些医生开了大笑诊所。 如何抓取段落主题句 (1)要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意, 可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉, 进行综合归纳, 概括文章的主题, 如 being a parent, cellphone, as normal an upbringing as possible, That wouldnt be good either for my kids or society 等。 (2)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的, 因此, 许多文章最明显的
28、特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词, 即高频词, 也叫主题词。 (3)把握主题句(topic sentence)。 主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处, 因此, 在阅读时, 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。 阅读理解 A Jermaine Washington, 26, did something that amazes many people. He gave an important organ to a woman who he describes(描述)as “just a friend”. Jermaine met Michelle Stevens, 23, whe
29、n they began working together in Washington DC. They used to have lunch with one another and chat during breaks. “He was somebody I could talk to. ”says Michelle. “One day, I cried on his shoulder. I had been on the kidney(肾)donor(捐10 赠者)waiting list for 11 months, and I had lost all hope. ” She tol
30、d Jermaine how sad it was to spend three days a week, three hours a day, on a kidney dialysis(透析)machine. “I saw my friend dying before my eyes, ”Jermaine says. “What should I do? Sit back and watch her die? ” Michelles mother, who was suffering from an illness was unable to donate a kidney. Her two
31、 elder brothers were reluctant(不愿意的). “I understood, ”says Michelle, “They said they loved me very much, but they were just too afraid. ” The operation at Washington Hospital Center had a lot of painful procedures( 步骤), but Jermaine never changed his decision and never regretted what he had done for
32、 Michelle. Today, both Michelle and Jermaine are fine. Three times a month, they get together for what they call a “thank-you lunch”. Though their friends hope they will get married, a romantic relationship is not what they want. “We are thankful for the beautiful friendship that we have, ”Michelle
33、says. “We dont want to mess up a good thing. ” 【语篇概述】本文讲述了 26 岁的 Jermaine Washington 向一名女同事捐赠肾脏的感人故事。 1. According to the first paragraph, in many peoples opinion, Jermaines deed is very. A. brave B. surprising 11 C. acceptable D. stupid 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知, amaze 意为“使惊奇”。 2. Why did Michelle t
34、ell Jermaine about her illness? A. Because Jermaine wanted to know everything about her. B. Because everybody else around her had already heard her sad story. C. Because Jermaine was someone with whom she could share her pain. D. Because she wanted to ask Jermaine to give his kidney to her. 【解析】选 C
35、。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知 Jermaine Washington 是 Michelle 谈得来的人。 3. We learn that when Michelles brothers learnt about her illness, . A. they offered to help her B. they pretended not to know anything C. they were unwilling to give their kidneys to her D. they lied that they could not donate their kidneys 【解
36、析】选 C。推理判断题。根据第四段“Her two elder brothers were reluctant. ”可知, 她的两个哥哥都不情愿。 4. It is implied in the passage that. A. Michelles father died when she was young B. Michelle is Jermaines only friend at work C. Michelle was always sure that she would find a kidney donor 12 D. both Michelle and Jermaine jus
37、t want to stay good friends 【解析】选 D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 尽管朋友们都希望他们两个结婚, 但是他们不想发生爱情关系, 而对所拥有的美好的友谊充满了感激。 B Microsoft founder Bill Gates has opened up about being a parent, stating that 13 is a proper age for a childs first cellphone. The father-of-three revealed( 透露)on the Today show that his children Je
38、nnifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their thirteenth birthday and his youngest daughter Phoebe was still waiting for one. “Weve chosen in our family that its 13 where you get a phone, ”the self-made billionaire explained. He said as a result his kids often return home from school complaini
39、ng, “All the other kids have it. We are the only ones without it, its so embarrassing. ” Despite their vast wealth Mr and Mrs Gates, who live in Lake Medina, just outside Seattle, Washington, have said they want to give their children as normal an upbringing(教养)as possible. It was previously( 以 前 )r
40、eported that their youngsters have to complete household chores( 杂务)and are given a modest amount of pocket money. And in 2010 Mr Gates said that he intended to give most of his $61 13 billion fortune away rather than hand it down. “That wouldnt be good either for my kids or society, ”he said. Also
41、during the Today interview with host Matt Lauer, Mr Gates, who stepped down( 辞职)from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on charity, said that helping others gives him the same energy as creating software. What you really feel is what youve achieved. If a piece of software gets out there and lots of pe
42、ople love itit lets them get their work done in better waysthats exciting, he explained. Mr Gates was previously the richest man in the world, but he got shifted down a spot(点)in 2010 after he decided to give away $28 billion to good causes. 【语篇概述】微软公司创始人比尔盖茨吐露了他的为父之道, 他认为13 岁是孩子拥有第一部手机的合适年龄。 5. Whi
43、ch of the following is true according to the passage? A. Gates kids are given a lot of pocket money. B. Gates intends to raise his children like ordinary people. C. Gates always keeps passwords to his youngsters. D. Gates thinks 16 is a proper age for a childs first cellphone. 【解析】 选 B。细节理解题。从文中第四段“
44、. . . they want to give their children as normal an upbringing as possible”可知盖茨希望子女像普通家庭的孩子一样接受抚养和教育。 14 6. Bill Gates holds the view that. A. its great to create a popular product B. it wouldnt be good to give most of his fortune away C. helping others brings him more pleasure than developing softw
45、are D. monitoring online activity is easy for parents 【解析】 选 A。 细节理解题。 由倒数第二段 “What you really feel is what youve achieved. . . thats exciting, he explained. ”可知盖茨看重的是生产出的产品受到欢迎。 7. The last paragraph suggests that Gates. A. suffered a great loss in his business B. isnt among the wealthiest men in t
46、he world C. ranked second in 2010 after his donation D. didnt donate anything until 2010 【解析】 选 C。推理判断题。由“. . . but he got shifted down a spot. . . ”可知, 下降了一个名次, 故位列第二。 8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Kindness of the Self-made Billionaire B. The Three Children of the Richest Man C. The Vast Wealth of the Microsoft Founder D. Bill Gates Skills of Fatherhood 【解析】 选 D。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了微软公司创始人比尔盖茨的为父之道。从文章第一段即可得出结论。 15 关闭 WordWord 文档返回原板块