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1、非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳非谓语动词考点归纳 非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中，当中，当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）, ,又没有连词又没有连词又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下, , 还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, She got off the bus, leavingleaving her
2、 handbag on her seat. her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, She got off the bus, butbut leftleft her handbag on her seat. her handbag on her seat.非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能过去过去过去过去分词分词分词分词现在现在现在现在分词分词分词分词动名动名动名动名词词词词不定不定不定不定式式式式状语状语状语状语定语定语定语定语表语表语表语表语宾语补宾语补宾语补宾语补足语足语足语足语宾语宾语宾语宾
3、语主语主语主语主语语语语语 法法法法 功功功功 能能能能 名称名称名称名称可充当成分可充当成分可充当成分可充当成分: :主语主语主语主语 , , 宾语宾语宾语宾语, , 宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语, , 表语表语表语表语, , 定语定语定语定语, , 状语状语状语状语. .一、不定式一、不定式一、不定式一、不定式 不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只
4、有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改有时它把句型改有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用作主宾时用作主宾时用作主宾时用“ “it it” ”, , 自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役， 宾补要把宾补要把宾补要把宾补要把toto甩开甩开甩开甩开； 疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当； 逻辑主语不
5、定式，逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前不定式前不定式前for sb. for sb. ; ; toto前前前前notnot是否定是否定是否定是否定， 各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三个使役动词三个使役动词let, have, make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略要省略1.1.不定式作主语不定式作主语不定式作主语不定式作主语To lose heartTo lose heart means
6、 failure. means failure.It took me only five minutes It took me only five minutes to finish the jobto finish the job. .To do two thingsTo do two things at a time is to do neither at a time is to do neither2.2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语不定式作宾语不定式作宾语You neednt bother You neednt bother to cometo come yourself. yourse
7、lf.They are considering They are considering what to dowhat to do next. next.Some who were famous in their own times Some who were famous in their own times would find would find it it difficult difficult to achieve successto achieve success today.today.affordafford、promisepromise、refuserefuse、expec
8、texpect、hopehope、learnlearn、offeroffer、wishwish、wantwant、failfail、planplan、agreeagree、forgetforget、likelike、preferprefer、decidedecide、managemanage、trytry、arrangearrange、determinedetermine、desiredesire1. I think you1. I think you ll grow _ him when you ll grow _ him when you know him better.know him
9、better.A AlikinglikingB Bto be liketo be likeC Cto liketo likeD Dto be liking to be liking 2. I don2. I don t know whether you happent know whether you happen , but , but I I m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . A Ato be heard to be heard B
10、Bto be hearing to be hearing C Cto hear to hear D Dto have heard to have heard 3.3.不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语 What she wants to do most now is What she wants to do most now is to travel to travel abroadabroad. . The most important thing isThe most important thing is to take measures to take measures t
11、o prevent the pollutionto prevent the pollution. . 主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质主语的内容或性质 He is He is to marry Roseto marry Rose. .表按计划要做的事情表按计划要做的事情表按计划要做的事情表按计划要做的事情. .4.4.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语 I need a pen I need a pen to write withto write with. . Charles Lindbergh is the first man Charles Lindberg
12、h is the first man to fly the to fly the Atlantic aloneAtlantic alone. . The meeting The meeting to be heldto be held tomorrow is very tomorrow is very important.important. There are twenty more trees There are twenty more trees to be plantedto be planted5.5.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语We of
13、ten hear We often hear herher sing the song at homesing the song at home. .My teacher asked My teacher asked meme to go there on timeto go there on time. .SheShe was considered was considered to have stolen the moneyto have stolen the money. .seesee、watchwatch、noticenotice、hearhear、listen tolisten t
14、o、observeobserve、feelfeel、tastetaste、smellsmell、makemake、letlet、havehaveMy advisor encouraged_ a summer course My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking A. for me taking B. me taking B. me taking C. for me to take C. for me to t
15、ake D. me to takeD. me to take6. 6. 不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语Tim sat near the fire Tim sat near the fire to get warmto get warm. .The athletes The athletes practisedpractised hard hard to win the match.to win the match.相当于用相当于用相当于用相当于用in order (not) toin order (not) to，so as (not) toso as (no
16、t) to引导的引导的引导的引导的目的状语目的状语目的状语目的状语. .1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the 1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearA. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heardC. making herself
17、heard D. to make herself heard2 2All these gifts must be mailed immediately All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. _ in time for Christmas. A Ain order to have receivedin order to have received B Bin order to receivein order to receiveC Cso as to be received so as to be
18、received D Dso as to be receivingso as to be receiving3. _ more about university courses, call 3. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.(920) 746-3789.A ATo find outTo find out B BFinding out Finding out C CFind out Find out D DHaving found outHaving found out4. It was unbelievable th
19、at the fans waited 4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. look at the sports stars. A. had A. had B. havingB. having C. to have C. to have D. have D. have7.7.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语不定式作结
20、果状语 常用常用常用常用enough toenough to，sufficient tosufficient to，only toonly to，never never toto，so + so + 形容词形容词形容词形容词/ /副词副词副词副词 + as to, such + + as to, such + 名词名词名词名词 as as to doto do引导。引导。引导。引导。Would you be Would you be soso kind kind as toas to step this way, please? step this way, please?I tried th
21、e door, I tried the door, only toonly to find it locked inside. find it locked inside.He is brave enough He is brave enough toto go out alone at night. go out alone at night.I I m not m not suchsuch a fool a fool as toas to believe that. believe that.1. The news reporters hurried to the airport , 1.
22、 The news reporters hurried to the airport , only_ the film stars had left.only_ the film stars had left.A Ato tell to tell B Bto be told to be told C Ctelling telling D Dtoldtold2. He hurried to the station only _ that the 2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. train had left.
23、 A.A.to find to find B. finding B. finding C. found C. found D. to have foundD. to have found8. 8. 不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语常放在常放在常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后表示心理感觉的形容词后I am happy I am happy to see youto see you. .She was sad She was sad to hear the bad newsto hear the bad news. .9
24、. 9.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式不定式的完成式不定式的完成式. .表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。语动词发出的动作。The novel was said The novel was said to have beento have been published. published.I regret I regret to have beento have been with you for so ma
25、ny years. with you for so many years.seemseem、appearappear、be saidbe said、be supposedbe supposed、be be believedbelieved、be thoughtbe thought、be knownbe known、be reportedbe reported等等等等动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。动词常用于上面句型。此外，此外，此外，此外，gladglad、happyhappy、satisfiedsatisfied、sorrysorry、surprisedsurpr
26、ised、disappointeddisappointed后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。注意与一般时的区别。I I m sorry m sorry to keepto keep you waiting for a minute. you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I I m sorry m sorry to have keptto have kept
27、you waiting. you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）1. You were silly not _ your car. 1. You were silly not _ your car. A.A. to lock to lock B. to have locked B. to have locked C. locking C. locking D. having lockedD. having locked2. I don2. I don
28、 t know whether you happent know whether you happen , but I, but I m m going to study in the U.S.A. this September .going to study in the U.S.A. this September .A Ato be heard to be heard B Bto be hearing to be hearing C Cto hear to hear D Dto have heard to have heard 3. - Is Bob still performing?3.
29、 - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage - Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official . already as he has become an official . A.A. to have left to have left B. to leave B. to leave C. to have been left C. to have been left D. to be leftD. to
30、be left10. 10. 不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象不定式的省略现象 不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和和和和使役动词使役动词使役动词使役动词 have, make, let have, make, let 后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时后
31、作宾语补足语时, , 不定式省略不定式省略不定式省略不定式省略to to 。 例例例例 I I watchedwatched him him disappeardisappear in the distance. in the distance. 介词介词介词介词but ,except, besides but ,except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词介词前有行为动词do ,do ,不定式要省去不定式要省去不定式要省去不定式要省去toto。 例例例例 We did noth
32、ing but/except wait then. We did nothing but/except wait then. 在特定的短语和表达中在特定的短语和表达中在特定的短语和表达中在特定的短语和表达中如：如：如：如：might as wellmight as well would rather do would rather do than dothan do prefer to do prefer to dorather than dorather than do 不定式符号不定式符号不定式符号不定式符号toto作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行作表语时的省略
33、。当主语部分有行作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词为动词为动词为动词do, do, 作表语的不定式作表语的不定式作表语的不定式作表语的不定式toto可省略。可省略。可省略。可省略。 例例例例: What I want to do now is find some books to : What I want to do now is find some books to read. read. 1. A computer does only what thinking people 1. A computer does only what thinking people _. _. A. h
34、ave it do A. have it do B. have it done B. have it done C. have done it C. have done it D. having it done D. having it done 2. We2. We ve missed the last bus. Ive missed the last bus. I m afraid we have m afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take A. to take B. taking
35、B. taking C. take C. take D. taken D. taken 11. 11. 不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略 动词动词动词动词love, mean, want, hate, like,love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, wish, expect, hopehope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及及及及be be glad (pleased, de
36、lighted, happy) to glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式等后面接不定式等后面接不定式等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留保留保留保留toto不定式符号。不定式符号。不定式符号。不定式符号。 . . E.G.E.G. - Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with - Would you like to go to the Grea
37、t Theatre with me tonight. me tonight. - I - I d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.A. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do2. His voice made me _ terrible.B. To feel B. feel C. feels
38、D. felt3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.C. never laugh at B. not to laugh at C. dont laugh at D. not laugh at4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.A. to be B. are C. be D. to being5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games.A. of B. to C. for D. at6.The purpose of new tech
39、nologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn
40、C. learned D. learning9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone二、动名词二、动名词二、动名词二、动名词 充当成分充当成分充当成分充当成分: : 主语主语主语主语 宾语宾语宾语宾语 表语表语表语表语 定语定语定语定语1. 1. 动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语 SeeingSeeing is believing. is b
41、elieving. Playing chessPlaying chess is fun. is fun. Its no use Its no use waiting here.waiting here.2. 2. 动名词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语 The nurses job is The nurses job is looking after the patientslooking after the patients. . The nurse is The nurse is looking after the patientslooking after the patien
42、ts. .3. 3. 动名词作宾语动名词作宾语动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, suggest, finish, avoid, stop, canfinish, avoid, stop, can t help, mind, enjoy, t help, mind, enjoy, require, require, practisepractise, miss, escape, pardon, , miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine
43、, keep, appreciate, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permitescape, permit。 Do you Do you mindmind my openingmy opening the windows? the windows? 下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel leave off, put off, give up, look forwar
44、d to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sthsth. . devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worthfond of, be worth。I am used to I am used to watching TVwatching TV in the evening. in
45、the evening. 4. 4. 动名词作定语动名词作定语动名词作定语动名词作定语 动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系. . reading text reading text a sleeping bag a sleeping bag a walking sticka walking stick running water running water I am used to I am used to
46、 watching TVwatching TV in the evening. in the evening. She regret She regret not having studiednot having studied the computer the computer hard. hard. His being looked down uponHis being looked down upon made him sick. made him sick. I cant really stand I cant really stand being treatedbeing treat
47、ed like that. like that. 5. 5. 动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even 1. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. though I told him I lived nearby. A. find A. find B. to find B. to find C. on finding C. on finding D. in findingD. in
48、finding2. It2. It s necessary to be prepared for a job s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.great help. A. To have had A. To have had B. Having had B. Having had C. Have C. Have D. HavingD. Having3. I real
49、ly cant understand _ her like 3. I really cant understand _ her like that. that. A.A.you treat you treat B. you to treat B. you to treat C. why treat C. why treat D. you treatingD. you treating4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn
50、for he couldn t risk _ the good t risk _ the good opportunity. opportunity. A.A.to lose to lose B. losing B. losing C. to be lost C. to be lost D. being lostD. being lost三、分词三、分词三、分词三、分词 现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词. . . . 充当成分充当成分充当成分充当成分: : : : 宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语, , , ,表语表语表语表语, , , , 定语