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1、key words engrave（雕刻）（雕刻） exquisite( (精致的）精致的） adorn（装饰）（装饰） recreation （娱乐）（娱乐） modify（修改）（修改） embellish（美化）（美化） manipulate（操作）（操作）animated（生动的）（生动的） troupe（剧团）（剧团） heritage( (遗产遗产) ) intangible（无形的）（无形的） devastated（震惊的，毁坏的）（震惊的，毁坏的）key words： The shadow play is a drama form in which the player hol
2、ds the figures that are engraved（雕刻）by the animal hides（兽皮） with colored paintings, and reflected on the curtain through the light.The performer manipulates(操作） the characters behind the screen while singing the libretto（剧本） to tell the story with music. It is widely spread in most regions in China,
3、 except Tibet and Xinjiang, with different styles of shadow puppet play in different places. However, the characters shaping and performance skills are all quite exquisite(精致的）.The themes include the Chinese ancient magic, myths(神话）, religions, monarches（君王）, legal cases, wars, as well as talented s
4、cholars，pretty ladies, the secular life and so on.religion Shadow puppetry play originated during the Han Dynasty when one of the concubines(妃子） of Emperor Wu of Han died from an illness. The emperor was devastated（震惊的，毁坏的）, and he summoned（召集） his court officers to bring his beloved back to life. T
5、he officers made a shape of the concubine using donkey（驴子） leather（皮革）. Her joints（关节） were animated（生动的） using 11 separate pieces of the leather, and adorned（装饰）with painted clothes. Using an oil lamp they made her shadow move, bringing her back to life.developing Shadow theatre became quite popula
6、r as early as the Song Dynasty when holidays were marked by the presentation(呈现） of many shadow plays.During the Ming Dynasty there were 40 to 50 shadow show troupes（剧团） in the city of Beijing alone.In the 13th century,the shadow show became a regular recreation （娱乐）in the barracks （兵营）of the Mongol
7、ian（蒙古的） troops（军队）. It was spread by the conquering Mongols to distant countries like Persia,Arabia and Turkey.Laters,it was introduced to some East European countries.In Ming and Qing Dynasties ,the contents(内容） and forms of the shadow plays had some new developments, thereby（从而） forming the vario
8、us genres with local colors.manufacturing flow（制作流程）Preparing the skin（制皮）Carving（镂刻）Copying（过稿）Drawing（画稿）Joining（缀结）Drying（发汗）Coloring（敷彩）ProductGenres As it spreads widely in China,there are differern genres in the different areas. The common : Sichuan shadow Shanxi shadow Beijing shadow Thangsha
9、n shadow They are modified（修改） and embellished( 美化）with local characteristics such as national ditties(小调).Classic works Prince Nezhas Triumph Against Dragon King(哪吒闹海)Tang ming huang huangs moon palace(唐明皇游月宫)Wang kui negative righteousness (王魁负义)There is a shadow play:Present situation The ancient
10、 art gradually fell from the limelight due to the impact of modern audio-visual media such as television and movies. Many shadow play groups have been disbanded(解散）, and many of the most talented artists have died.But the governments still try their best to protect and develop this old art. The Chinese Ministry of Culture(文化部) has applied to UNESCO(教科文组织) for shadow play to be recognized as an intangible（无形的） part of world cultural heritage(遗产), following UNESCOs decision to remove the limit on the number of applications for cultural heritage protection. Thank you ！