《2022年高中英语语法复习之构词法 .pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年高中英语语法复习之构词法 .pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、学习好资料欢迎下载英语构词法第一部分:派生法一. 前缀un-: 表示否定意义,unhappy, untrue, unlike, unfair, unknown, unhealthy, unusual, uncertain, unclear, unequal, unlucky, uncomfortable , uninteresting, unimportant, unnecessary, unpleasant, unfolddis-: 表示否定意义,dislike, disagree, disappear, disadvantage, dishonest, disability, discov
2、er, disobeyin-, im-, il-, ir-: 表示否定意义,incomplete, incorrect, inconvenient, inexpensive, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular,表示否定意义,non-non-smoker, non-stop, , nonsense mis-: 表示错误的意义mistake, mislead(误导) , misunderstanding, misuse, misspell, mistrust, mistreat anti-: 表示“反、防、抗”的意义:, antiknock (防震)
3、, antiforeigner (排外的) , anti-war, anti-pollution de- 表示“在下,向下” :表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀:decrease, degrade en-, em- 表示“在内,进入” :encage, embed ex- 表示“外部,外” :exit, expand, export, expose fore- 表示“在前面” :forehead, foreground, foreleg, forefootin-, im- 表示“向内,在内,背于”:inland, inside, indoor(s), import inter- 表示“在间,相互”
4、:international, interaction, internet, interview out- 表示“在外部,在外”:outline, outside, outward(s), outdoor(s) over- 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”:overlook, overhead, overboard, overcoat, overdress, oversea pre- 表示“在前,在前面,提前”:prefix (前缀) , preface(前言) , prepare,prefer super- 表示“在 .之上,超级” :superpower, superman,surpermar
5、ket trans- 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”:translate, transform(转移) , transplant(移植) , transportation(交通)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载under- 表示“在 .下面,下的” :underline, underground, underwater, undershirt up- 表示“向上,向上面,在上”:upward(s)
6、, uphold, uphill (上坡) , upgrade auto- 表示“自己,独立,自动”:automobile(自动车) , autobiography(自传)tele- 表示“远离”:television, telephone , telegram (电报) , telegraph(电报) , telescope fore- 表示“在前面,先前,前面”:foreword(前言) , forecast(预报) , foretell(预言) , foresee (预见) , foreknow (先知) , foreknowledge (先知)mid- 表示“中,中间” :midnig
7、ht, midsummer, mid-day, mid-autumn post- 表示“在后,后” :postwar, postgraduate(研究生) , postdatere- 表示“再一次,重新”:retell, rewrite, renew, reconsider, reuse, remarry, recycle (回收利用), rebuild over- 表示“超过,过度,太”:overeat(吃过多) , oversleep(睡过头) , overpraise(过奖) , overwork, 表示共同,相等意思的前缀:co- 表示“共同,一起” :coexist(共同生存) ,
8、co-operate, co-worker, coactions(合作行动) , coauthor(合作作者)表示某种状态,构成形容词、副词或动词:a- afraid, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, aloud, ahead, aside, alike, awake a- 表示“分离,离开” :away, apart de- 表示“离去,处去” :depart, discolor 表示“自我” : self - self-protect(ion), self-made, self-knowledgea. 具有某种职业或动作的人:-an, -ian, -ician
9、 表示 “地方的人, 精通的人” : American, Asian, Australian, Russian, Italian , historian, librarian, electrician, magician(魔术师) , technician, musician, politician (政客) , physician(内科医生),-ant,-ent表示“人” :merchant, servant, assistant, agent, student, -ee 表示“动作承受者” :employee(雇员) , examinee, payee(收款人) , interviewee
10、 -eer 表示“从事于人” :engineer, volunteer(志愿者)-er 表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人” :banker, observer, Londoner, villager singer, driver, writer, speaker, traveller, -or 表示“者” :author, doctor, operator, actor, visitor, inventor, educator -ar, -ary 表示“的人, 从事的人” :scholar, liar, beggar, secretary, missionary -ess 表示“阴性
11、人称名词” :actress(女演员) , hostess (女主人) , manageress(女经理)-ist 表示“从事研究者,信仰主义者” :pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载socialist,typist, 构成具有抽象名词的含义:-age 表示“状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称”:courage
12、, storage, marriage, percentage -al 表示“事物的动作,过程”:refusal, arrival, -ance, -ence 表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”:importance, distance, avoidance, appearance, performance, diligence, difference, obedience, absence, presence (出席) , existence -ancy, -ency 表示“性质, 状态,行为,过程”:frequency(频繁) , urgency(紧急) , efficiency(
13、高效率) , -ity 表示“性质,状态,程度”:purity, reality, equality -bility 表示“动作,性质,状态”:ability, possibility, probability, responsibility -dom 表示“等级,领域,状态”:freedom, kingdom, wisdom -ery, -ry 表示“行为,状态,习性,性质”:bravery, slavery -hood 表示“资格,身份, 年纪,状态”:childhood, girlhood, boyhood, manhood -ice 表示“行为,性质,状态”:notice, justi
14、ce, service -ion, -ation, -ition, -sion 表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”:suggestion, action, solution, invention, direction, correction, collection, instruction, destruction, introduction, congratulation, dictation, invitation, pronunciation, examination, graduation, operation, education, information, translation, s
15、tarvation, satisfaction, relation, irrigation, determination, preparation, imagination, explanation, opposition, competition, description, decision, division, conclusion, explosion, impression, expression, admission, permission, discussion -ment 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”:disappointment, treatment, movemen
16、t, judgment, punishment, argument, agreement, government, development, improvement, requirement, astonishment, encouragement -ness 表示“性质,状态,程度”:goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness, business, illness, happiness, goodness, willingness, weakness, fairness -ism 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为”:socialism, crit
17、icism, heroism, tourism, communism(共产主义), Marxism (马克思主义)-ship 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”: hardship, relationship, membership, friendship, seamanship, ownership, scholarship, professorship -th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态”:strength, length, width, depth, wealth, truth, growth, warmth, youth -ure 表示“行为,结果” :exposure(暴
18、露) , pressure, failure, procedure(手续 ), mixture -craft表示“工艺” :aircraft, needlecraft, woodcraft 形容词后缀:a. 带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义:-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonable, applicable, visible, responsible, terrible, horrible 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
19、- - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载-al: natural, additional, educational, national -ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent -ing(表示特征:令人觉得): moving, touching, daring, interesting, exciting, disappointing , astonishing, boring, amazing -ed(表示情绪:觉得): pleased, intere
20、sted, surprised, worried, excited, bored, determined, delighted -ish: foolish, bookish, selfish -ive: active, impressive, decisive, active, instructive, expensive, progressive b. 表示“相象,类似”的含义:-ish: boyish, childish -like: manlike, childlike -some: troublesome, handsome -y: milky, cloudy sunny, windy
21、, rainy, foggy, healthy, wealthy, worthy, bloody, funny, dirty, lucky, noisy, salty, smelly, hilly -ly: manly, fatherly, motherly, sisterly, brotherly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, friendly, lonely, orderly, lovely, lively, likely, scholarly c. 表示“充分的”含义:-ful: beautiful, wonderful, hel
22、pful, truthful, successful, harmful, useful, careful, forgetful, merciful -ous: dangerous, courageous, nervous, mountainous, humorous, various d. 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义:-en: wooden, golden, woolen e. 表示方向的含义:-ern: eastern, western, southern, northern, southeastern, northwestern -ward: downward, forward
23、f. 表示“数量关系”的含义:-teen: thirteen -ty: fifty -th: fourth, fiftieth g. 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义:-an: Roman, European -ese : Chinese, Japanese 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载-ish: English, Spanish h. 表示否定:-less: countless, stainle
24、ss (不锈的) , wireless, useless, endless, priceless (无价的, 贵重的) , hopeless 动词后缀:-ize, ise 表示“做成,变成,化”: modernize (现代化), democratize (民主化), organize, apologize, realize -en 表示“使成为,引起,使有”:quicken, weaken, soften, harden -fy 表示“使化, 使成”:beautify, purify (净化) , intensify, signify, simplify(简化) , satisfy 副词后缀
25、:-ly: possibly, swiftly, simply -ward(s): downward, inwards, upward -ways: always, sideways -wise: otherwise, clockwise 注意:有的单词有双重后缀,如:use(用途) useless(无用的) uselessness (无用)self(自己) selfish(自私的) selfishness(自私)有的单词则是前后缀同时使用,如:important importanceunimportance regular(有规律的,有规则的)irregular (无规律的,不规则的)irr
26、egularity (无规律,不规则)2合成法(1)合成名词boyfriend, girlfriend, bus-driver, necklace, playground, radioactive, headmaster, sunshine, notebook, armchair, wheelchair, postcard, football, spaceship, blackboard, firefighter, fireman, gateman, chairman, weatherman, businessman, armyman, postman, sportsman, bedroom,
27、 reading-room, classroom, newspaper, pickpocket (扒手) , she-goat(雌性山羊) , editor-in-chief(主编) , daybreak(破晓) , handshake(握手) , silkworm (蚕) , outbreak(爆发)(2)合成形容词名词 +动词过去分词:man-made, homemade 副词 +动词过去分词:well-known, newly-built(新建的)形容词 +名词 ed:kind-hearted, cold-blooded 数词 +名词 ed:five-storeyed (五层楼的) ,
28、four-legged(四条腿的)名词 +动词现在分词:English-speaking, Chinese-speaking, brainwashing (洗脑的)由三个词构成的合成形容词:face-to-face, heart-to-heart, two-year-old, eight-metre-long 其他合成形容词:everyday(日常的) , faraway(遥远的) , snow-white(雪白的) , lay-off(下岗的)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - -
29、 - 第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载3转化法(1)名词动词hand(手传递)back(背部,后面支持,后退)charge(费用收费)copy(抄本,复印件抄写,复印)flood (洪水淹没)heat(热量加热)paint(油漆刷漆)phone(电话打电话)pin(别针装订)waste(废物浪费)face(脸面对)use(用途使用)interest(兴趣使兴趣)surprise(惊讶使惊讶)taste(味道品尝)smell(气味闻)break(短暂休息折断)present(礼物赠送)(2)形容词动词clean(干净使干净,打扫)clear(清楚清理)dirty(脏弄脏)dry(干燥烘干,晒干)empty(空的倒空)free(自由使自由,释放)slow(慢的放慢)warm(暖和使暖和)cool(凉的冷却)quiet(安静使安静)名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -