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1、导入练习1 1. Is that the small company you often refer to? Right, just the one _ you know my father used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. As 2. Where did they fi nish the experiment? It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith. A. where B. / C. which D. in which 3. Examination
2、compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _ formal language is used. A. in which B. in that C. of which D. of that 4. Which fi lm is the one _ main actor has won the Best Actor Prize in the fi lm festival? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. In
3、 that country, November 30th is a national festival _ everyone, men and women, old and young, sings and dances happily in the streets. A. where B. when C. that D. as 6. This is John Brown, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 7. We climbed the Huangshan Mo
4、untain yesterday, _, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A. where B. which C. that D. when 8. The famous football player, _ a big party will be held tomorrow morning, is to arrive this afternoon. A. in honour of him B. in his honour C. in whose honour D. in which hon
5、our 9. _ was reported in the newspaper, seventeen passengers had been killed in the traffi c accident. A. It B. As C. What D. That 10. The owner paid the worker $10 for tidying the whole building, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. that B. what C. when D. which 11. He has made grea
6、t contributions to the science of physics, _ he was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize. A. about which B. what C. for which D. when 12. I don t want to use the same tool _ you used yesterday to repair the air conditioner. A. it B. that C. one D. what 13. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B
7、. in that C. all that D. in everything 14. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 15. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如：This is the very perso
8、n that is wanted by the police . He is the man who /that lives next door . 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明，与先行词关系比较松散，先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开，从句可略去：The minister, who is to visit our university , is said to b
9、e a Qinghua University graduate. The businessman, whose suitcase has been found by a stranger , has left for Beijing. 如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc) 或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词的名词词组，其后的定语从句通常为非限制性的。例如：My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia , will fly back tomorrow. 限制性定语从句的先行词
10、只能是名词，代词或名词性词组，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外，还可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子。例如：They say he plays truant, which he doesn t. which 指代 plays truant The meeting was put off till next month, as we hoped. as 指前面的句子 下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处：表一： 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1 提供确定或限定主句中某个名词的信息。1提供对确定主句中某个名词的非主要附加信息。2由深层嵌入句派
11、生而来。2由两个独立的深层嵌入句派生而来。3 无分隔定语从句和主句和停顿或特殊标点符号（逗号/插入语 /破折号）。3书面语中用逗号，口语中用特殊的停顿和降低声调来把定语从句和主句分隔开来。4不可以修饰整个命题，只修饰一个名词。4可以修饰一个中心名词，或以评价的形式修饰整个命题。5可使用that 和 who(m),which等关系代词。5 That 不能当作关系代词， 只可用 wh-代词。6不常用来修饰专有名词。6既可修饰普通名词，也可修饰专有名词。7可修饰带有any 或 every 等类属限定词的中心名词。7 不可修饰带有any 或 every 等类属限定词的中心名词。as 的用法1、 as
12、引导限制性定语从句时，常与 such 或 the same 连用，构成 the same as; suchas结构， as用于代替指人或物的先行词。例如：I have never eaten such tasty foods as she cooked me. 试比较the sameas和 the samethat ：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - This is the same bookas I read l
13、ast week .（这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。）This is the same book that I read last year . （这就是我上周读的那本书。）如果先行词表示抽象概念，则没有这种区别，例如：She told me the same story as/that she had told you. 在 assoas结构中，后面的as也是关系代词，例如：We took as many men as could be permitted to attend the meeting . 2、引导非限制性定语从句关系代词 as引导非限制性定语从句时，用于代替整个主句，意思是“
14、 正如” ， 相当于 and this 或 and that。as从句位置较之which 引导的非限制性定语从句更加灵活，因而 as 从句既可以指前面提到的内容，也可以指后面将要提到的内容，which 一般在主句后。例如：The test is cancelled, as you have hoped. The test, as you have hoped , is cancelled. 注：as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时表达的意思应与主句一致，而且从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.例如：He failed to pass the exa
15、m again, as is predicted. He failed to pass the exam again, which annoyed his mother greatly. 记住以下的as结构：as is known to all (众所周知 )，as is often the case (情况常常如此)，as the name Indicatessuggests (顾名思义 )，as may be imagined ( 可以想象得出)，as often happens (这种情况常常发生)，as has been said before ( 如前所述 )，as has been
16、 pointed out (正如已经指出的 )，as will be shown in ( 将在中指出 )，as is hoped ( 正如所希望的) 3 介词+ 关系代词“ 介词 + 关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句既可以是限制性定语从句，又可以是非限制性定语从句， “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 在从句中做主语、宾语、状语、定语等，介词的选择则要根据它与其先行词的关系或前后名词、动词等的搭配关系来决定，同时还应该考虑句子在上下文中要表达的意思。4.“ 介词+ which whom whose”这时应注意介词与句中短语的搭配。例如：The problem with whichI have troubl
17、e has now been solved. 介词放在关系代词之前的形式的定语从句较之将介词至于从句之末的定语从句正式，因此多用于书面语当中，但在口语中有时也会出现；或者将介词后置，或在介词后置后用that（人、物） who（人）代替which whom，并且 that 可省略。例如；Can you lend me a pen or pencil with which I can write ? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - -
18、- - - - Can you lend me a pen or pencil that/ which I can write with ?5.“ 介词+ which + 名词 ” 引导的定语从句which 是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词代词或句子的一部分，但更多地是来代表整个句子。其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如case, fact, state, time, point 等。例如：Water boils at l00, at which temperature it changes into gas .He was about to leave, at which mom
19、ent I came back home. 6. 定语从句中的关系副词关系副词引导的定语从句（限制性非限制性）在从句中作状语，意思相当于“ 介词+which” ，常见的引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when 和 why 等，不常见的如表示时间的关系副词：since, after 和 before。7. 关系副词where （= at, in which ）引导表示地点的定语从句This is the place where he d most like to live the rest of his life.That is the place where they met for
20、the first time . 在表示 “ 情况、方面、状况” 等有地点含义的抽象名词如case, game, spot, point, conditions, situation, circumstances 等作为先行词的定语从句时，也用where 引导, 其意义相当于under which 。例如：It s a kind of game where you can train your eyesight8. 关系副词when（= at, on, during, in which）引导表示时间的定语从句I ll never forget the day when (=on which)I
21、 first came to this university. This is the seasonwhen (=in which)most fishers will be very busy .9. 关系副词why （= for which ）引导表示原因的定语从句Do you know the reason why he left the party early that night?The reason why she missed the train is that she was held up by an accident. 10. 关系代词与关系副词的判断看 谓语动词是否及物用关
22、系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。从句中如果及物动词后面接宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：The days when we stayed together are unforgettable.（stay不及物）I ll never forget the days which I spent with you in Tokyo .（spend 及物，有宾语）This is the reason why he did not come that morning.(come 不及物动词 ) This is the reason which/ that he
23、found to excuse for himself. (find 及物动词) 先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状）先行词表示时间、地点或原因时，就选用关系副词，用when，where 或 why，在名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 从句中应该是做状语， 否则的话则应该用which that等， that 有时可以代替when， where或 why，但 when，where 或 why 中不能代替th
24、at。例如：1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 在句1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where，that，on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D；而在句2 中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可
25、用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词inwhich 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或 nothing 时，常用 there is 来引导。例如：I don t want to concentrate on anything there is worrying me. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句六大区别及练习区别一： 形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用
26、时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。区别二： 功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉， 就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 (若把从句去句子意义
27、仍然完整) 区别三： 翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。区别四： 含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个 ) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐
28、 ) 区别五： 先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which 指 drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句 ) Mr. Smith, who is our
29、 boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 区别六： 关系词不同关系词 that 和 why 可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。【巩固练习
30、】名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. Thi
31、s is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6
32、. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
33、 C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmho
34、use, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said.
35、 A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoy
36、ed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. Which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -