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1、1 Car drive axle design 1 Introduction The structure form of the main reducer is based on the type of the gear and the way of the active gear and the driven gear. 2 drive axle Drive axle in the tail end of the power transmission system, its basic function is to increase the torque came by the drive
2、shaft or transmission, the reasonable distribution of power to the left and right driving wheels, and also bear role of road and the frame or body between vertical and longitudinal force and lateral force. The drive axle is composed of a main reducer, a differential, a wheel drive device and a drive
3、 axle housing. Reducer is the original motivation and independent of the working machine between the closed transmission, used to reduce speed and increase torque to meet the needs of a variety of working machinery. According to transmission form can be divided into three different for the gear redu
4、cer, worm reducer and planetary reducer; in accordance with the transmission of the series can be divided into single and multistage speed reducer; according to transmission layout situation can be divided for expansion, shunt type and coaxial type reducer. Gear reducer transmission efficiency and h
5、igh reliability, long service life, maintenance is simple, and therefore the scope of application is very wide. 2.1 main reducer The main reducer gear has the spiral bevel gear type, the type of the double curved surface gear type, the type of the cylindrical gear and the worm gear and so on. At pre
6、sent, the main reducer gear of the automobile drive axle adopts spiral bevel gear. When the load is high, the work is stable, the noise is small, and the contact load on the tooth surface is low. So the use of single bevel gears. 2.1.2 main reducer drive, driven bevel gear support form The car drivi
7、ng axle design, so the use of cantilever installation. The using of the cantilever installation, ensure that the gear stiffness, active gear shaft neck should be increased, so that the distance between the two bearings than the distance of the cantilever high at least 2.5 times. 3 the differential d
8、esign 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 Car in the exercise of the security, about two wheels at the same time the roll over the journey is often not equal, around two in the pressure is not equal, and the tread wear uneven,
9、 two wheel load is uneven and cause the wheel rolling radius does not match; the wheels touch the pavement conditions about different, exercises the resistance range, on the one hand will increase tire wear, power and fuel consumption, on the other hand will divert too difficult, through and handlin
10、g stability is bad. Therefore, the left and right wheels of the drive axle are provided with a wheel differential mechanism. Differential is a differential transmission mechanism, used in the two output shaft torque distribution, and ensure two output shaft may rotate at different angular velocities
11、, to ensure the driving wheels in various kinds of sports under the condition of power transmission, to avoid slipping between the tire and the ground. Differential according to its structural characteristics can be divided into gear type, convex wheel, worm wheel type and teeth embedded in a variet
12、y of forms, such as free wheel. 4 half shaft For semi axis diameter not less than the diameter of the rod, the end part of the processing done slightly thicker, and appropriate to reduce spending less of the keyway depth, the tooth number must be a corresponding increase in, usually take 10 teeth (c
13、ar half axle) to 18 teeth (truck half axle). The failure mode of the half shaft is basically too fatigue failure. The rod part of the axle shaft of the heavy duty truck is thicker, the outer end flange is relatively large, and the two ends of the shaft can be used as the half shaft structure with co
14、nnection when no larger forging equipment is adopted, and the process is simplified by taking the same parameters. In the modern automobile half shaft, the is used quite widely, but also has the structure form of the rectangle or the trapezoidal . Shaft is one of the main parts of the machine, and a
15、ll of the transmission parts of rotary motion must be installed on the axis to carry out the movement and power transmission. So the main function of the shaft is to support the rotating parts and the transmission of motion and power. According to the different load bearing, the shaft can be divided
16、 into shaft, mandrel and shaft of the third class, the relay under bending moment and bearing torque becomes the shaft. This type of shaft in the machine in the most common, only to withstand the bending moment and does not bear the torque a mandrel, the mandrel is divided into rotation and fixed ma
17、ndrel mandrel two. Shaft which is only subjected to torque and does not bear the bending moment becomes the drive shaft. 5 the bridge shell and the bridge shell accessories design The main function of the drive axle housing is to support the quality of the vehicle, and is affected by the road surfac
18、e reaction force and torque transmitted by the wheel, and the suspension is passed to the body. The drive shaft shell is a force transmitting member and the carrier, so the axle housing should meet the following requirements: 1) with sufficient strength and stiffness, to ensure that the reducer gear
19、 mesh is normal and 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 does not cause additional bending stress. 2) under the premise of ensuring sufficient rigidity, as far as possible to reduce the car to improve the ride comfort. 3) to en
20、sure sufficient ground clearance. 4) the structure craft is good, the cost is low. The bridge shell is a cross beam, the pivot point is located in the center of the tire, the load function in the steel plate spring seat, the average truck is used to improve the overall carrying capacity of the truck
21、, the distance between the pivot point of the twin shaft is calculated according to the distance between the two. The maximum stress of the drive axle housing occurs near the steel plate spring. The force that causes the bending moment of the bridge shell is: the carrying capacity of the vertical lo
22、ad G2, the traction force F and its reaction torque M. And car shift when the tire lateral force Y2 external force in the drive axle housing, in order to simplify the calculation, just never sideslip BRDF is moving in a straight line calculated, and in terms of safety coefficient due consideration.
23、The bending stress of the malleable cast iron bridge should not exceed 300m2. The bending stress should not exceed 500m2 on the half shaft bushing and wheel axle of medium carbon alloy steel, and the shear stress should not exceed 250N/mm2. Combines the actual situation of the vehicle, considering t
24、he overall expansion forming welding axle, so the material to consider ductility . We choose 16Mn. 6 summary Through this design, it is now to design a product, only to feel that their knowledge is far from enough. There is a saying: it is never too late to learn. Thats a bit of a point! Is my teach
25、er, all my knowledge to learn! Through this design, the ability to check the manual has been greatly improved. Now, through the guidance of teachers, through their own practice, you can now go to the library to check the information, but also to look at what aspects of the information, the psycholog
26、ical is very clear, not so much as before. In other areas also have a lot of harvest, this graduation design makes me develop a meticulous work method. Before doing homework always give a lick and a promise, didnt have a bit of patience, sitting in the stool is not an under the heart, always with a
27、fickle attitude to treat their own thing, now, I can very calm, very serious has been able to carry on. This may be to do the course design for me to leave things, this will be of great benefit to me later in the community. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - -
28、- 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 All in all, this design has made me a lot! thank you ！轿车驱动桥设计1 引言驱动桥处于动力传动系尾端，其基本功能是增加由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩，将动力合理分配给左、右驱动轮，且还承受作用路面和车架或车身之间的垂立、纵向力和横力。驱动桥由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳构成。2 驱动桥驱动桥处于动力传动系尾端，其基本功能是增加由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩，将动力合理分配给左、右驱动轮，且还承受作用路面和车架或车身之间的垂立、纵向力和横力。驱动桥由主减速器、差速器、车轮
29、传动装置和驱动桥壳构成。减速器是原动机和工作机之间的独立的闭式传动装置，用来降低转速和增大转矩以满足各种工作机械的需要。按照传动形式不同可分为齿轮减速器，蜗杆减速器和行星减速器；按照传动的级数可分为单机和多级减速器；按照传动的布置形势又可分为展开式，分流式和同轴式减速器。 齿轮减速器传动效率及可靠性高，工作寿命长，维护简便，因而适用范围很广。2.1 减速器的结构形式主减速器的结构形式是根据其齿轮的类型和主动齿轮与从动齿轮的安置方法与减速形式的不同而异。 2.1.1 主减速器的齿轮类型主减速器齿轮有弧齿锥齿轮类型，双曲面齿轮类型，圆柱齿轮类型和蜗轮蜗杆等形式。现今汽车驱动桥的主减速器齿轮基本采用
30、螺旋锥齿轮。其在承受较高载荷时，工作够平稳，噪音较小，作用齿面上的接触负荷也低。所以运用单级锥齿轮。 2.1.2主减速器主动，从动锥齿轮的支承形式本此设计轿车驱动桥，所以运用悬臂式安装。采用悬臂式安装之时，保证齿轮的刚度，主动齿轴颈应加大，使二轴承之间的距离比悬臂的距离大至少2.5 倍。3、差速器的设计汽车在安全行使过程中，左右俩车轮在同一时间所滚过的路程往往是不相等的，左右两轮胎内的气压不相等、 胎面磨损不均匀、两车轮上的负荷不均匀而引起车轮滚动半径不符；左右两轮接触的路面条件不同，行使阻力不等，一方面会加剧轮胎磨损、功率和燃料消耗，名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -
31、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 另一方面也会使转向过于困难，通过性和操纵稳定性变坏。因此，在驱动桥的左右车轮间都装有轮间差速器。差速器是个差速传动机构，用来在两输出轴间分配转矩，并保证两输出轴有可能以不同的角速度转动，用来保证各驱动轮在各种运动条件下的动力传递，避免轮胎与地面间打滑。差速器按其结构特征可分为齿轮式、凸轮式、蜗轮式和牙嵌自由轮式等多种形式。4.3 半轴的结构设计及材料与热处理为使半轴的花键内径不小于杆部直径，常将加工花键的端部做得略粗些，并且适当地减小
32、少花键槽的深度，花键齿数必须相应地增加，通常取10 齿( 轿车半轴 ) 至 18齿( 载货汽车半轴) 。半轴的破坏形式基本为扭转疲劳破坏。重型车半轴的杆部较粗，外端突缘比较大，当无较大锻造设备时可以采用两端均为花键联接的半轴结构，并且取相同花键参数来简化工艺。在现代的汽车半轴上，渐开线花键用得比较广，但也是有采用矩形或梯形花键的结构形式的。轴是组成机器的主要零件之一，一切做回转运动的传动零件，都必须安装在轴上才能进行运动及动力的传递。 因此轴的主要功用是支撑回转零件及传递运动和动力。按照承受载荷的不同，轴可分为转轴，心轴和传动轴三类，工作中继承受弯矩又承受扭矩的成为转轴。这类轴在机器中最常见，
33、 只承受弯矩而不承受扭矩的成为心轴，心轴又分为转动心轴和固定心轴俩种。只承受扭矩而不承受弯矩的轴成为传动轴。5 桥壳及桥壳附件设计驱动桥壳主要功用是支承汽车的质量，且受由车轮传来的路面反力和反力矩，并且悬架传给车身；它又是由减速器、差速器、半轴的装配基体。驱动轴壳是传力件又是载体，因此桥壳应满足如下设计要求：1）具有足够的强度和刚度，来保证减速器齿轮啮合正常并且不使轴产生附加弯曲应力。2）在保证足够的刚度的前提下，尽量降低以提高汽车行使平顺性。3）保证足够的离地间隙。4）结构工艺性好，成本低。桥壳好似一个横梁，支点位于轮胎中心，载荷作用在钢板弹簧座，一般货车均用双胎来提高整体承载能力，双胎的轴
34、支点间距离按两胎之间距离计算。驱动桥壳的最大应力发生在钢板弹簧座附近。使桥壳产生弯矩的力有： 承载重量产生垂名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 直载荷 G2 ，牵引力 F 及其反作用力矩 M 。还有汽车转变时在轮胎上产生的侧向力Y2外力作用在驱动桥壳上的情况，为使计算简化，仅仅从不侧滑情况下作直线行驶时进行计算，而在安全系数方面适当考虑。可锻铸铁桥壳弯曲应力不应超300m2 。中碳合金钢半轴套管和轮轴上弯曲应力不
35、应超500m2 ，剪切应力不应超250N/mm2 。结合了本车的实际情况， 考虑到我们采用的是整体扩展成形焊接式车桥，所以在选材时要考虑延展性和焊接性。我们选择16Mn 。6、总结通过这次毕业设计，现在自己设计一个产品，才感觉到自己学的知识是远远不够的。有句话叫做：活到老，学到老。说的是一点没错！处处有我的恩师，处处有我要学习的知识！通过这次设计，使我查手册的能力得到了极大的提高。现在，通过指导老师的引导，通过自己的实践，现在可以独立到图书馆去查资料，而且要查哪方面的资料，心理非常清楚，不像以前那么没有头绪。在其他方面也有不少收获， 这次毕业设计使我养成了一丝不苟的工作方法。以前做作业时总是敷衍了事，一点耐心都没有，坐在凳子上也不会安下心来，总是用一种浮躁的态度来对待自己的事情，现在不同了，我可以很平静，很认真的一直做下去。这可能是做毕业设计给我留下的东西，这将对我以后在社会上工作大有裨益。总之，这次的设计让我收获颇丰！谢谢！名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -