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1、Unit 22 A world of fun 目标导引.单词及短语besides,risk,scream ones way to,lead to,allow,divide .本单元语法分词作状语内容精讲.单词及短语精讲1.experience n.& v. 经验 ; 经历 ; 形容词为： experienced 有丰富经验的e.g.Dont correct him all the time hell learn by experience. 别总纠正他的错误他自己会通过经验学会的。Our journey by came1 was quite an exper ience. 骑骆驼旅行真是一次难
2、忘的经历。e.g.I experienced great difficulty in getting a visa to leave the country. 申请出国签证经历了很大的困难。e.g.Shes very experienced at /in repairing cars. 2.step v.(行)走；踩，踏n.脚步 (声)；步骤；台阶e.g.I stepped forward to receive the prize. 我走上前去领奖。I stepped in a puddle and got my foot wet. 我踩进了一个小水坑，把脚弄湿了。e.g.Take 2 ste
3、ps forward.向前跨两步。Mind the steps outside the door. 小心门外的台阶。step 作为名词构成的短语有：step by step 逐渐地，一步一步地take steps (to do sth.)采取措施 (做 ,) watch ones step 小心3.achievement n.完成，达到，成就，成绩动词为： achieve 完成，达到，获得e.g.He felt a great sense of achievement when he reached the top of the mountain. 当到达山顶的时候，他有一种巨大的成就感。He
4、 has broken 2 world records in one day,which is quite an achievement. 他一天打破两项世界纪录，这真是了不起的成绩。e.g.He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work hard. 如果不努力，他会一事无成。The company has achieved a 100% increase in profitability. 这家公司的利润增加了一倍。4.risk n.&v. 风险，危险；冒, 的危险，冒失去, 危险e.g.Theres a risk that the fire
5、 would break out again. 大火再烧起的危险仍然存在。By criticizing the boss he risked losing his job. 他冒了失去饭碗的危险去批评老板。She risked her life trying to save the drowning child. 她冒着生命危险去救那个溺水儿童。risk 作名词构成的词组有：at risk 处于危险之中名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 15 页 - - -
6、- - - - - - at the risk of 冒 , 的危险take /run a risk 冒险take/run the risk of 冒 , 的危险e.g.He saved my life at the risk of losing his own. 他冒着失去生命的危险救了我。I dont want to take the risk of meeting George,so Ill stay here. 我不想碰上乔治，所以我要呆在这儿。.句子精讲5.The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows u
7、s to experience almost anything without actually being in danger of risking injury. 公园变得越来越先进，新技术使我们不用身处危险，也不会受伤就可以有各种经历。in danger 处于危险in 与其他抽象名词构成的短语还有：in debt 负债 ;in need (of) 需要in doubt 怀疑 ;in search of 寻找in peace 平静地 ; in praise of 表扬in silence 沉默 ;in support /favor of 支持，赞成in power 当权 ; in hono
8、ur /memory of 为了纪念in return 作为回报 ;in charge of 负责in trouble 处境困难 ; in the charge of 由 , 负责in detail 详细地 ;in possession of 拥有，持有in advance 提前；in the possession of 由 , 拥有/持有，在, 手中in common ( 有)共同之处in public 公开地in society 在社会上in space 在太空e.g.He is in charge of the class.他负责这个班。=The class is in his char
9、ge./in the charge of him. 6. So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air,take off in a rocket,fly a helicopter,walk next a lion,or fight alien creatures in outer space,visit one of the theme parks in your area.如果你想知道从高空落下，坐火箭升空，开直升飞机，在狮子身旁散步，或同外星生物搏斗的感觉是怎样的，那就去你们那儿的主题公园吧。take o
10、ff 升空，起飞；脱下(衣服 )；休 (, 天)假e.g.Im taking Thursday off because Im moving house. 因为搬家，我星期四休假。take 构成的短语还有：(1)take back 收回e.g.Im sorry I was rude ;I take back everything I said. 对不起我失礼了，我承认我所说的全错了。(2)take down 拿下来，记下来e.g.Take down his address.把他的地址记下来。(3)take on 雇用，呈现，露出e.g.His face took on a worried loo
11、k. 他脸上露出担忧的神情。We decided to take on a new clerk. 我们决定雇用一个新职员。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - (4)take out 取出，带sb. 出去，洗去 (污迹 ) e.g.Petrol will take out that stain. 汽油可以去掉那块污迹。(5)take over 接管e.g.He is taking over my job while
12、I am on holiday. 我度假期间，他将接手我的工作。(6)take up 开始做 , ；占用(时间 ) e.g.John took up acting while he was at college. 约翰在上大学时开始演戏。The job took up most of Sunday. 这工作占用了大半个星期天。(7)take sb.by surprise 使某人大吃一惊take turns 轮流；take pride in 以 , 为骄傲；take steps /measures /action 采取措施；take up arms 拿起武器；take,for granted 认
13、为理所当然，想当然地认为7.Like roller coasters,thrill rides use cars that ride on tracks,but instead of rolling,twisting,and looping like the roller coasters,thrillrides use speed,motion,and special effects to give you a thrill.和摩天轮一样，过山车采用沿轨道行驶的车。但它靠高速、位移，和特殊效果来给人以兴奋、震颤感，而不是像摩天轮一样滚动、翻转、环绕。instead of 而不 , ，代替 ,
14、(可以接名词，代词，动名词，介词短语等) e.g.We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. 我们走楼梯而不是坐电梯下去的。He studies in the evening instead of during the day. 他晚上学，而不是白天学。比较： instead 作为替代 (没不 , 而,) e.g.I dont like this one ;give me that instead. 我不喜欢这个，给我那一个吧。比较： rather than 而不是e.g.The color seems green rat
15、her than /instead of blue.这个颜色看起来像绿色而不是蓝色。rather than 还可以表示，与其, 宁愿 , ，有时可以接动词原形。e.g.Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad,he sold them at half price. 与其让蔬菜腐坏，他选择半价把它们卖掉了。He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。8.You sit in a car that “falls” from tall towers and you scream your way down to a sa
16、fe landing.你坐在车里，车从高塔上“掉”下来，你一路尖叫，直到安全着陆。scream ones way (to,)一路尖叫，尖叫着前行还有些动词可与ones way 搭配，表示以, 方式前行走: ()make ones way (排除困难 )去前行e.g.I made my way home. 我回家去。()feel ones way 摸索着前行fight /push ones way 推挤着前行e.g.He pushed his way through the crowd. 他从人群中挤出一条路来。()wind ones way 蜿蜒向前e.g.The Great Wall win
17、ds its way from west to east. 长城从西向东蜿蜒向前。9.Your task is to design a new theme park that will attract as many visitors as possible.你的任务是设计出一个新的主题公园，让它尽可能多地吸引游客。as,as 像 , 一样，这一比较结构用法如下：(1)as +形容词或副词原级+as 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 15 页 - - - -
18、 - - - - - e.g.He is as clever as his brother.他和他哥哥一样聪明。(2)as +形容词原级 +a +可数名词单数+as as +形容词原级 +可数名词复数+as as +形容词原级 +不可数名词 +as e.g.He is as clever a boy as his brother.他和他哥哥一样是个聪明的男孩。They have produced as many cars as they did last year. 他们生产了和去年一样多的车。I have spent as much money as him. 我和他花的钱一样多。(3)as
19、,as 前还可加一个表示倍数或分数的状语e.g.The population of that country was eight times as large as that of Scotland. 那个国家的人口数是苏格兰人口数的八倍。含有倍数 (或分数 )的比较结构总结如下：1)A is 倍数 +as big (high,long,wide ,)as B 2)A is 倍数 +bigger (higher,longer ，wider , )than B 3)A is 倍数 +the size (height,length,width ,)of B e.g.This room is fou
20、r times as big as that one. 这间房是那间房的四倍大。=This room is three times bigger than that one. =This room is four times the size of that one. 注意：比较的双方A 与 B 应属同类可比事物，所以不能说：The size of this room is 4 times as big as that one. 10.Does this road lead to ,？这条路通向, 吗？lead to 通向；导致，引起e.g.All roads lead to Rome. 条条
21、大路通罗马。Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 过多的工作，太少的休息会引起疾病。This will lead to trouble in the future.这将导致以后的麻烦。表示“导致、造成”的词语还有：cause ， result in 反义词为： result from 由, 造成近义词为： lie in 在于 (, 方面) owe,to, 把 , 归因于 ,e.g.His failure resulted from not working hard enough. 他的失败是由于不够努力。=His n
22、ot working hard enough resulted in failure.他的不够努力导致了失败。The reason for his failure lies in his not working hard enough. 他失败的原因就在于他不够努力。He owed his success to working hard. 他把成功归功于努力工作。.语法精讲11.分词作状语(1)分词短语在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步等，其结构相当于一个状语从句。e.g.They sat in front of their house laughing and chatting.(
23、表伴随 ) 他们坐在房前又说又笑。Being so poor in those days,we couldnt afford to send the boy to 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - hospital.(= As we were so poor , )(表原因 ) 那时我们那么穷，没钱送那孩子上医院。Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.(
24、表条件 ) 和你比起来我们还有很大差距。Enemies,once discovered,were completely wiped out.( 表让步 ) 一旦发现敌人，就把他们彻底歼灭了。Picked 20 times a year,it grows tired only in 40 or 50 years. (=Though it is picked ,)(表让步 ) 尽管一年要摘20 次，它 (茶树 )要四五十年之后才会衰老。(2)分词作状语时，分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态，即分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。用现在分词还是用过去分词作状语，需由主语来决定。e.g.Walking t
25、hrough the park,we saw a lot of birds.( 正确 ) Walking through the park,the birds looked very beautiful.(错误 ) 走过公园时，我们看到了很多鸟儿。Standing on the tower,we could see the whole city.( 正确 ) Standing on the tower,the whole city could be seen.( 错误 ) 站在塔上我们能俯瞰全城。Seen from the hill,the town looks beautiful. =See
26、ing from the hill,we find the town beautiful.从山上看这座城镇很漂亮。(3)分词作状语时，如果分词动作在主句谓语所表示的动作之前发生，分词应用现在分词的完成形式。e.g.Having been there many times,he offered to be our guide. 那地方他去过多次，因此他主动提出要给我们作向导。Having eaten their fill,the children were allowed to leave the table. 孩子们都吃好之后，就让他们离开了。有时还用完成被动形式：e.g.Having bee
27、n told again and again,he still cant remember it. 给他讲了一遍又一遍，可他还是记不住。Having been given such a good chance,how could she let it slip away? 人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？()分词作状语时，否定副词not 放在分词之前。e.g.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her. 由于不知道她的地址，我们无法和她联系。Not having received an answer,he dec
28、ided to write another letter to them. 由于没接到回信，他决定给他们再写一封信。迁移发散12.expect v.期待；料想名词为： expectation e.g.I expect (him)to fail the exam. 我预料 (他)无法通过考试。You cant expect children to be quiet all the time. 你不能指望孩子们一直保持安静。expect 只能接to do 不定式作宾语。类似动词还有：afford ( 抽得出时间；买得起)，decide (决定 )，determine (下决心 )，fail( 没能
29、做成 ),long ( 渴望)， appear (似乎 )， seem(好像 )，choose(选择 )， prepare(准备 ),arrange (安排；准备 )， promise(答应)，pretend(假装 )，plan(计划 ),manage(设法做成 )，offer( 主动提出 )，attempt(试图，努力 )，名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - hesitate(犹豫 ) e.g.He preten
30、ded not to see me when I passed by. 当我路过时他假装没看见我。They seek to reduce waste.他们设法减少废物。We arrange to meet him at the hotel.我们安排在旅馆同他见面。He offered to drive us the station. 他提出要开车送我们去车站。过关题Can you_here a little longer ？No,my parents expect_home early. A.remain;my coming B.remain; me to come C.stay; my co
31、ming D.stay; me to come 答案： D 过关题Where is George？ He said he would meet me at 3 oclock. He seems_with Mr.Brown in the office. A.to talk B.to be talking C.to have talked D.talking 答案： B 13.divide v.分，把 , 分成；分配；除e.g.The country is divided into 12 provinces. 这个国家分为个省。He divides his spare time between w
32、orking and looking after the children. 他把业余时间分别用在工作和照看孩子上。Divide 15 by 3,and youll get 5. 15 除以 3 得 5. 比较：()separate v.分开，把, 和 , 分开divide 强调把一个整体分成若干部分，通常与into 搭配； separate 表示把不同的事物分开，通常与from 搭配。e.g.A fence separates the garden from the sidewalk. 篱笆把花园和人行道分开了。separate 还可以表示分手，作为形容词表示单独的，不同的。e.g.We t
33、alked until midnight and then separated. 我们一直谈到午夜才分开。The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子们各睡各的床。(2)divide 表示“除”，反义词为： multiply 乘； add 表示“加”；subtract 表示“减”，这四个词都是动词，它们与它们相应的介词的用法如下：e.g.How much is 5 multiplied by 3 ？5 乘是多少？=How much is 5 times 3 ？e.g.How much is 5 added to 3 ？5 加 3 得多少？=How much i
34、s 5 plus 3 ？e.g.How much is 3 subtracted from 5 ？减得多少？=How much is 5 minus 3 ？过关题 A narrow strait_Europe from Africa. A.separates B.divides C.makes D.takes 答案： A 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 14.think 动词类think( 认为 )，guess
35、(猜想 )，suppose (设想 )，believe(相信 )，expect (期待 )， imagine(想象 )，此类动词有如下共同特点：(1)否定转移e.g.I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。(2)所接宾语从句有特殊疑问词引导时，特殊疑问词放在句首。e.g.What do you expect he can get？你盼望着他得到什么？(3)主句主语为I/We 时，反意疑问句与从句一致，注意否定转移e.g.We dont believe he is a bad boy，is he?我们相信他不是个坏孩子，对吗？(4)肯定句替代形式用so,否定句替代形
36、式为,dont think so.或, think not 。e.g.Do you suppose it will rain tomorrow你认为明天会下雨吗？I suppose so.我设想如此。(或： I dont suppose so = I suppose not.我想不会。 ) 过关题 I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,_ ? A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they 答案： C 课文背景阅读Details about a theme park 88 scenic spots carefully sele
37、cted from 66 countries which have the most particular national features in the world are to be duplicated around Lake Lianan with a vast expanse of water of over 2 million square metres of water,surrounded by mountains all sides.The scenic spots being built will provide shopping,eating,and lodging f
38、acilities for visitors to experience in person such as exotic customs while being entertained by cooks,attendants,folk dancers from countries where the culture originates. Different styles of architecture and people with different colours will create a Real World of Wonder.Participation items for th
39、e visitor are varied and colourful,each with unique feature of its own.Visitors will be exposed to Scandanavian Landscape,South American Scene,the toughness of American Cowboys and tenderness of Oriental Girls,Sauna from Finland.Turkey and Russia,the French Cuisine,Indian speciality and Argentine BB
40、Q,plantations of Korea,Mexico and Romania,Bhutanese mountain cottage,Gypsy Camp,Kenyan Treetop hotel,Hawaiian Beach,Vienna Music,Botswanian drilling fire and American Indian hunting and sacrifice,Casino in Macao and Grass-Skiing in Australia.What excitement and adventure! How wonderful and romantic!
41、 课后训练一、单项选择1.Its eight oclock and Mary is still working in the office. I know.Who else would_she does A.be as hardworking as B.work as hard as C.be working harder than D.do hard work than 2.Its too late to set out for watching the sunrise now ;_,its starting to rain. A.besides B.meanwhile C.however
42、D.anyhow 3.How do you like the lecture last Friday Terrible.Though_to stop,the_speaker kept on talking at the meeting. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - A.being told;exciting B.telling; excited C.to be told;exciting D.told;ex
43、cited .Shall we cook together? Well,_.You buy food one day.Ill buy it another.Thatll be better. A.thats a good idea B.lets help each other C.thats all right D.lets take turns .Americans eat_vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A.more than twice B.as twice as many C.twice as many as D.mor
44、e than twice as many .I didnt expect them_for me when I arrived there so late. A.to wait B.to be waiting C.to have waited D.to have been waiting 7.We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style_in a personal one. A.rather than B.better than C.more than D.less than 8.Which o
45、f the fashionable dresses do you like best ? _.They are both expensive and of little use. A.None B.Nothing C.Neither D.Either 9.I _her to reply in the next few days,but up to now no reply came to me. A.hoped B.waited C.looked forward D.expected 10.What did the doctor say yesterday afternoon ？The doc
46、tor said,“_on time,this medicine will be quite effective.”A.Taking B.Being taken C.Taken D.Having taken 11.Xiaos husband gave all of his wages to her,_some pocket money for cigarettes. A.except for B.rather than C.and yet D.but for 12.These examples,once _to his article,will make it sound more reaso
47、nable. A.add B.to add C.adding D.added 13.He failed his exam again. But what did you _ Had he ever been working hard? A.think B.expect C.consider D.regard 14._get such a book? A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can I C.Where do you think I can D.Do you think where I can 15.After recover
48、ing from his illness,he was advised to_gardening as a hobby. A.take away B.take off C.take on D.take up 16.He sent me an E-mail,_to get further information. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope
49、17._in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the USA. A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 18._sure of the word,he looked it up in the dictionary. A.Not being B.Not having been C.Being not D.Not to be 19.Though_money,his parents managed to send him to university. A.
50、lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 20._in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.Lossing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose 21.European football is played in 80 countries,_it the most popular sport in the world. A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 22._here in time,he came_all the way